Biodiv Sci ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 24373. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024373 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024373
Special Issue: 昆蒙框架目标12下的中国城市生物多样性研究专辑
• Original Papers • Next Articles
Tz-Hsuan Tseng1,2(), Rui Yang1,2,*(
)(
), Yue Huang3(
), Luyao Chen1,2
Received:
2024-08-18
Accepted:
2024-12-15
Online:
2025-05-20
Published:
2025-03-31
Contact:
Rui Yang
Supported by:
Tz-Hsuan Tseng, Rui Yang, Yue Huang, Luyao Chen. Characteristics of bird diversity and environmental relationships in Tsinghua University campus[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(5): 24373.
指标维度 Indicator dimension | 指标名称 Indicator name |
---|---|
鸟类组成特征 Bird community composition | 鸟类多度*, 鸟类丰富度*, 鸟类均匀度, Shannon多样性指数* Bird abundance*, bird richness*, bird evenness, Shannon diversity index* |
绿地物理特征 Physical characteristics of green space | 面积, 周长, 距离水体距离, 水体面积, 水体盖度*, 距离道路距离*, 平均噪音*, 平均进入人数 Area, perimeter, distance to water, water area, water coverage*, distance to road*, average noise*, average people |
绿地植被结构 Vegetation structure of green space | 乔木面积, 乔木盖度*, 乔木多度*, 乔木丰富度, 乔木均匀度, 乔木多样性, 灌木面积, 灌木盖度*, 灌木多度, 灌木丰富度, 灌木均匀度*, 灌木多样性, 草本盖度*, 草本多度*, 草本丰富度*, 木本食源植物面积, 木本食源植物盖度, 木本食源植物多度, 木本食源植物丰富度*, 木本食源植物均匀度, 木本食源植物多样性*, 本土物种面积, 本土物种盖度, 本土物种多度, 本土物种丰富度, 本土物种均匀度, 本土物种多样性, 人工草地盖度*, 自然草地盖度, 裸地盖度 Tree area, tree coverage*, tree abundance*, tree richness, tree evenness, tree diversity, shrub area, shrub coverage*, shrub abundance, shrub richness, shrub evenness*, shrub diversity, grass coverage*, grass abundance*, grass richness*, woody food plant area, woody food plant coverage, woody food plant abundance, woody food plant richness*, woody food plant evenness, woody food plant diversity*, native species area, native species coverage, native species abundance, native species richness, native species evenness, native species diversity, artificial grass coverage*, natural grass coverage, bare coverage |
Table 1 Indicators of bird and green space composition characteristics
指标维度 Indicator dimension | 指标名称 Indicator name |
---|---|
鸟类组成特征 Bird community composition | 鸟类多度*, 鸟类丰富度*, 鸟类均匀度, Shannon多样性指数* Bird abundance*, bird richness*, bird evenness, Shannon diversity index* |
绿地物理特征 Physical characteristics of green space | 面积, 周长, 距离水体距离, 水体面积, 水体盖度*, 距离道路距离*, 平均噪音*, 平均进入人数 Area, perimeter, distance to water, water area, water coverage*, distance to road*, average noise*, average people |
绿地植被结构 Vegetation structure of green space | 乔木面积, 乔木盖度*, 乔木多度*, 乔木丰富度, 乔木均匀度, 乔木多样性, 灌木面积, 灌木盖度*, 灌木多度, 灌木丰富度, 灌木均匀度*, 灌木多样性, 草本盖度*, 草本多度*, 草本丰富度*, 木本食源植物面积, 木本食源植物盖度, 木本食源植物多度, 木本食源植物丰富度*, 木本食源植物均匀度, 木本食源植物多样性*, 本土物种面积, 本土物种盖度, 本土物种多度, 本土物种丰富度, 本土物种均匀度, 本土物种多样性, 人工草地盖度*, 自然草地盖度, 裸地盖度 Tree area, tree coverage*, tree abundance*, tree richness, tree evenness, tree diversity, shrub area, shrub coverage*, shrub abundance, shrub richness, shrub evenness*, shrub diversity, grass coverage*, grass abundance*, grass richness*, woody food plant area, woody food plant coverage, woody food plant abundance, woody food plant richness*, woody food plant evenness, woody food plant diversity*, native species area, native species coverage, native species abundance, native species richness, native species evenness, native species diversity, artificial grass coverage*, natural grass coverage, bare coverage |
Fig. 2 Bird distribution hotspot and its seasonal change within the investigation area. (a) Overall abundance; (b) Summer abundance; (c) Autumn abundance; (d) Winter abundance; (e) Overall richness; (f) Summer richness; (g) Autumn richness; (h) Winter richness.
绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) | 绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) | 绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
新清华西南侧 XQHsw | 93.20 | 零零阁 LLG | 5.57 | 主楼北侧 ZLn | 2.34 |
世纪林 SJL | 32.49 | 主楼东南侧 ZLse | 5.51 | 续园 XY | 2.25 |
新清华南侧 XQHs | 26.49 | 主楼西南侧 ZLsw | 4.27 | 近春园 JCY | 2.07 |
工字厅 GZT | 12.32 | 桃李北侧 TLn | 3.73 | 雕塑园 DSY | 1.97 |
礼射广场 LSGC | 10.96 | 情人坡 QRP | 2.68 | 水木清华 SMQH | 1.42 |
紫荆北侧 ZJn | 6.23 | 世纪林北侧 SJLn | 2.40 | 大礼堂南侧 DLTs | - |
Table 2 The ratio of tree and shrub area in the green space of Tsinghua University campus
绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) | 绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) | 绿地名称 Green space | 比值 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
新清华西南侧 XQHsw | 93.20 | 零零阁 LLG | 5.57 | 主楼北侧 ZLn | 2.34 |
世纪林 SJL | 32.49 | 主楼东南侧 ZLse | 5.51 | 续园 XY | 2.25 |
新清华南侧 XQHs | 26.49 | 主楼西南侧 ZLsw | 4.27 | 近春园 JCY | 2.07 |
工字厅 GZT | 12.32 | 桃李北侧 TLn | 3.73 | 雕塑园 DSY | 1.97 |
礼射广场 LSGC | 10.96 | 情人坡 QRP | 2.68 | 水木清华 SMQH | 1.42 |
紫荆北侧 ZJn | 6.23 | 世纪林北侧 SJLn | 2.40 | 大礼堂南侧 DLTs | - |
解释变量 Explanatory variables | 估计值(自助抽样法) Estimate (bootstrap) | exp (估计值) exp (Estimate) | 标准误 Standard error | Z | P | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鸟类多度 Bird abundance | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 5.75 [5.71 - 5.79] | 315.05 | 0.02 | 86.91 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.29 [0.26 - 0.33] | 1.34 | 0.03 | 3.23 | 0.001 | ||
人工草地盖度 Artificial grass coverage | -0.14 [-0.19 - -0.10] | 0.86 | 0.02 | -1.90 | 0.057 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree coverage | -0.13 [-0.18 - -0.10] | 0.87 | 0.02 | -2.03 | 0.042 | ||
人工草地盖度 × 乔木盖度 Artificial grass coverage × tree coverage | 0.56 [0.50 - 0.60] | 1.74 | 0.03 | 5.25 | < 0.001 | ||
鸟类丰富度 Bird richness | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 2.87 [2.83 - 2.90] | 17.58 | 0.02 | 44.01 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.25 [0.21 - 0.29] | 1.29 | 0.02 | 3.32 | 0.005 | ||
草本盖度 Grass coverage | -0.11 [-0.13 - -0.10] | 0.89 | 0.02 | -1.98 | 0.069 | ||
灌木均匀度 Shrub evenness | 0.27 [0.23 - 0.31] | 1.30 | 0.03 | 2.77 | 0.015 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree coverage | -0.18 [-0.23 - -0.15] | 0.83 | 0.02 | -2.39 | 0.032 | ||
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 0.65 [0.63 - 0.67] | 1.91 | 0.01 | 19.46 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.10 [0.07 - 0.11] | 1.10 | 0.01 | 2.19 | 0.045 | ||
草本盖度 Grass coverage | -0.09 [-0.10 - -0.09] | 0.91 | 0.01 | -2.68 | 0.017 | ||
灌木均匀度 Shrub evenness | 0.19 [0.17 - 0.20] | 1.20 | 0.01 | 4.29 | 0.000 |
Table 3 Summary of the optimal models for generalized linear models
解释变量 Explanatory variables | 估计值(自助抽样法) Estimate (bootstrap) | exp (估计值) exp (Estimate) | 标准误 Standard error | Z | P | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鸟类多度 Bird abundance | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 5.75 [5.71 - 5.79] | 315.05 | 0.02 | 86.91 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.29 [0.26 - 0.33] | 1.34 | 0.03 | 3.23 | 0.001 | ||
人工草地盖度 Artificial grass coverage | -0.14 [-0.19 - -0.10] | 0.86 | 0.02 | -1.90 | 0.057 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree coverage | -0.13 [-0.18 - -0.10] | 0.87 | 0.02 | -2.03 | 0.042 | ||
人工草地盖度 × 乔木盖度 Artificial grass coverage × tree coverage | 0.56 [0.50 - 0.60] | 1.74 | 0.03 | 5.25 | < 0.001 | ||
鸟类丰富度 Bird richness | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 2.87 [2.83 - 2.90] | 17.58 | 0.02 | 44.01 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.25 [0.21 - 0.29] | 1.29 | 0.02 | 3.32 | 0.005 | ||
草本盖度 Grass coverage | -0.11 [-0.13 - -0.10] | 0.89 | 0.02 | -1.98 | 0.069 | ||
灌木均匀度 Shrub evenness | 0.27 [0.23 - 0.31] | 1.30 | 0.03 | 2.77 | 0.015 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree coverage | -0.18 [-0.23 - -0.15] | 0.83 | 0.02 | -2.39 | 0.032 | ||
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | |||||||
截距 Intercept | 0.65 [0.63 - 0.67] | 1.91 | 0.01 | 19.46 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | |
木本食源植物丰富度 Woody food plant richness | 0.10 [0.07 - 0.11] | 1.10 | 0.01 | 2.19 | 0.045 | ||
草本盖度 Grass coverage | -0.09 [-0.10 - -0.09] | 0.91 | 0.01 | -2.68 | 0.017 | ||
灌木均匀度 Shrub evenness | 0.19 [0.17 - 0.20] | 1.20 | 0.01 | 4.29 | 0.000 |
Fig. 4 Interaction between artificial grass coverage and tree coverage. (a) Contribution to bird abundance from tree coverage and artificial grass coverage at standardized values of -1, 0, 1, the values -1, 0, and 1 corresponded to -1 SD, mean value, and +1 SD after standardization; (b) Contribution to bird abundance from tree coverage and artificial grass coverage in the green space of Tsinghua University; (c) Scatter plot of tree coverage and bird abundance; (d) Scatter plot of artificial grass coverage and bird abundance. Curves in (c) and (d) represent Loess curve with shaded areas indicating 95% confidence intervals.
居留型 Residency type | 解释变量 Explanatory variables | P | 调整后R2 Adjusted R2 | 显著典范轴累积解释变差 Cumulative explained variation of significant canonical axes | 显著典范轴解释率占所有轴比例 Proportion of variance explained by significant canonical axes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
留鸟 Residents | 面积, 距离水体距离, 平均进入人数, 灌木多样性 Area, distance to water, average people, shrub diversity | 0.001 | 0.34 | 38% | 77% |
过境鸟 Passage migrants | 灌木盖度, 草本多度, 自然草地盖度, 乔木丰富度, 草本丰富度 Shrub coverage, grass abundance, natural grass coverage, tree richness, grass richness | 0.001 | 0.38 | 37% | 65% |
冬候鸟 Winter visitors | 裸地盖度, 水体盖度, 乔木丰富度 Bare coverage, water coverage, tree richness | 0.002 | 0.22 | 19% | 54% |
夏候鸟 Summer breeders | 乔木多度, 乔木盖度, 水体盖度, 草本丰富度 Tree abundance, tree coverage, water coverage, grass richness | 0.089 | - | - | - |
Table 4 Redundancy analysis of the relationship between residents, passage migrants, winter visitors and environmental factors
居留型 Residency type | 解释变量 Explanatory variables | P | 调整后R2 Adjusted R2 | 显著典范轴累积解释变差 Cumulative explained variation of significant canonical axes | 显著典范轴解释率占所有轴比例 Proportion of variance explained by significant canonical axes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
留鸟 Residents | 面积, 距离水体距离, 平均进入人数, 灌木多样性 Area, distance to water, average people, shrub diversity | 0.001 | 0.34 | 38% | 77% |
过境鸟 Passage migrants | 灌木盖度, 草本多度, 自然草地盖度, 乔木丰富度, 草本丰富度 Shrub coverage, grass abundance, natural grass coverage, tree richness, grass richness | 0.001 | 0.38 | 37% | 65% |
冬候鸟 Winter visitors | 裸地盖度, 水体盖度, 乔木丰富度 Bare coverage, water coverage, tree richness | 0.002 | 0.22 | 19% | 54% |
夏候鸟 Summer breeders | 乔木多度, 乔木盖度, 水体盖度, 草本丰富度 Tree abundance, tree coverage, water coverage, grass richness | 0.089 | - | - | - |
Fig. 5 Triplot of the scaling II in redundancy analysis of the relationship between residents (a), passage migrants (b), winter visitors (c) and environmental factors
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