Species composition and diversity of epiphytes of several ecotones in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11073

Abstract

Abstract:

Epiphytic bryophytes are sensitive to environmental factors and are important components of montane moist subtropical forests. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodiversity and distribution of bole epiphytic bryophytes in the ecotones among old growth forest (OGF) and three other forest types (i.e., old growth dwarf mossy forest (ODMF), 50-yr-secondary Lithocarpus forest (SLF), and secondary Populus bonatii forest (SPF) in the Xujiaba region of Ailao Mountains, Yunnan. We evaluated species composition, biodiversity, and life forms of epiphytic bryophytes on host trunks above the ground in these ecotones and adjacent communities. Species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were lower in the ecotone between OGF and ODMF (EOO) than the adjacent forest communities (i.e., OGF and ODMF), whereas these indices were higher in ecotones between OGF and SLF (EOSl) and between OGF and SPF (EOSp) than the adjacent secondary forests. The distribution of some species was restricted to specific ecotones. Porella nitens and Wijkia surcularis only appeared in EOSp, and Gammiella tonkinensis was restricted to EOO. Ecotones in montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forests in Ailao Mountains exhibit an important influence on the patterns of epiphyte species composition and diversity.

Key words: biodiversity, epiphytes, ecotone, life form

Yuanlin Yao, Wenyao Liu, Wenzhang Ma, Liang Song. Species composition and diversity of epiphytes of several ecotones in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2012, 20(6): 654-664.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11073

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2012/V20/I6/654

Figures/Tables 8

References 48

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生态交错带及其相邻群落 Ecotone and its adjacent communities	胸径 DBH (cm)	宿主株树 No. of hosts
原生林 OGF	29.60 ± 3.60	51
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO	30.51 ± 1.75	36
苔藓矮林 ODMF	14.59 ± 0.84	30
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl	27.01 ± 1.62	36
50年栎类萌生林 SLF	23.81 ± 1.76	36
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp	31.70 ± 2.82	36
滇山杨林 SPF	29.90 ± 2.40	38

生态交错带及其相邻群落 Ecotone and its adjacent communities	胸径 DBH (cm)	宿主株树 No. of hosts
原生林 OGF	29.60 ± 3.60	51
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO	30.51 ± 1.75	36
苔藓矮林 ODMF	14.59 ± 0.84	30
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl	27.01 ± 1.62	36
50年栎类萌生林 SLF	23.81 ± 1.76	36
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp	31.70 ± 2.82	36
滇山杨林 SPF	29.90 ± 2.40	38

过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community	宿主数 Host No.	重要值 IV	生活型 Life form
原生林 OGF
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	43	25.1	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	41	24.9	扇型 Fan
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	17	10.1	扇型 Fan
羽枝羽苔 P. fruticosa	12	8.4	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walker	26	7.1	悬垂型 Pendant
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	21	6.7	扇型 Fan
网藓 Syrrhopodon gardneri	10	5.1	丛集型 Turf
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum	12	4.8	扇型 Fan
疏叶美喙藓 Eurhynchium laxirete	16	4.8	粗平铺型 Rough mat
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	16	4.5	丛集型 Turf
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	22	27.7	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	20	20.7	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	30	19.0	细平铺型 Smooth mat
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae	20	9.5	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	14	8.2	扇型 Fan
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii	12	8.2	细平铺型 Smooth mat
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	10	8.2	扇型 Fan
卷叶鞭苔 Bazzania yoshinagana	6	5.6	细平铺型 Smooth mat
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum	13	5.4	扇型 Fan
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	15	5.2	细平铺型 Smooth mat
苔藓矮林 ODMF
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia	19	10.5	粗平铺型 Rough mat
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana	8	10.1	交织型 Weft
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	13	10.1	扇型 Fan
树平藓 H. flabellatum	15	9.8	扇型 Fan
狭叶剪叶苔 Herbertus angustissimus	11	8.4	丛集型 Turf
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	9	8.4	扇型 Fan
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica	8	8.2	扇型 Fan
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	18	6.6	细平铺型 Smooth mat
粗仰叶垂藓 Sinskea phaea	14	5.3	悬垂型 Pendant
拟扭叶藓卷叶变种 Trachypodopsis serrulata var. crispatula	4	5.2	树型 Dendroid
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	10	20.1	扇型 Fan
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	16	15.7	扇型 Fan
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana	13	15.3	交织型 Weft
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	17	14.1	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	24	14.1	细平铺型 Smooth mat
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia	22	12.7	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	14	12.6	扇型 Fan
桧叶白发藓 Leucobryum juniperoideum	12	6.2	垫状型 Cushion
刺叶羽苔 Plagiochila sciophila	11	5.8	丛集型 Turf
小叶鞭苔 Bazzania ovistipula	4	4.4	粗平铺型 Rough mat
50年栎类萌生林 SLF
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	26	23.8	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	32	16.3	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	16	10.9	扇型 Fan
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community	宿主数 Host No.	重要值 IV	生活型 Life-form
疏叶羽苔 P. secretifolia	17	10.8	丛集型 Turf
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica	12	10.0	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 P. trabeculata	18	9.6	丛集型 Turf
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	29	9.3	细平铺型 Smooth mat
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	12	8.8	扇型 Fan
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii	17	7.8	细平铺型 Smooth mat
青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum	19	6.4	丛集型 Turf
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	29	23.8	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	18	15.3	扇型 Fan
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	20	13.7	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri	16	11.0	悬垂型 Pendant
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	21	9.9	细平铺型 Smooth mat
齿叶平藓 Neckera crenulata	10	8.8	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	13	8.6	丛集型 Turf
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus	10	6.8	扇型 Fan
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	10	5.9	交织型 Weft
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae	12	5.0	细平铺型 Smooth mat
滇山杨林 SPF
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	23	24.9	扇型 Fan
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus	17	15.1	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri	13	12.0	悬垂型 Pendant
黄松萝藓 Papillaria fuscescens	13	12.0	悬垂型 Pendant
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	12	11.7	交织型 Weft
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	14	10.3	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	10	8.8	丛集型 Turf
侧枝匍灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii	12	8.3	粗平铺型 Rough mat
轮叶波叶藓 Himantocladium cyclophyllum	10	8.0	扇型 Fan
大耳羽苔 Plagiochila subtropica	8	6.9	扇型 Fan

过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community	宿主数 Host No.	重要值 IV	生活型 Life form
原生林 OGF
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	43	25.1	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	41	24.9	扇型 Fan
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	17	10.1	扇型 Fan
羽枝羽苔 P. fruticosa	12	8.4	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walker	26	7.1	悬垂型 Pendant
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	21	6.7	扇型 Fan
网藓 Syrrhopodon gardneri	10	5.1	丛集型 Turf
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum	12	4.8	扇型 Fan
疏叶美喙藓 Eurhynchium laxirete	16	4.8	粗平铺型 Rough mat
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	16	4.5	丛集型 Turf
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	22	27.7	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	20	20.7	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	30	19.0	细平铺型 Smooth mat
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae	20	9.5	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	14	8.2	扇型 Fan
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii	12	8.2	细平铺型 Smooth mat
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	10	8.2	扇型 Fan
卷叶鞭苔 Bazzania yoshinagana	6	5.6	细平铺型 Smooth mat
扁平棉藓原变种 Plagiothecium neckeroideum var. neckeroideum	13	5.4	扇型 Fan
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	15	5.2	细平铺型 Smooth mat
苔藓矮林 ODMF
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia	19	10.5	粗平铺型 Rough mat
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana	8	10.1	交织型 Weft
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	13	10.1	扇型 Fan
树平藓 H. flabellatum	15	9.8	扇型 Fan
狭叶剪叶苔 Herbertus angustissimus	11	8.4	丛集型 Turf
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	9	8.4	扇型 Fan
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica	8	8.2	扇型 Fan
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	18	6.6	细平铺型 Smooth mat
粗仰叶垂藓 Sinskea phaea	14	5.3	悬垂型 Pendant
拟扭叶藓卷叶变种 Trachypodopsis serrulata var. crispatula	4	5.2	树型 Dendroid
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl
阿萨羽苔 Plagiochila assamica	10	20.1	扇型 Fan
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	16	15.7	扇型 Fan
喜马拉雅鞭苔 Bazzania himalayana	13	15.3	交织型 Weft
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	17	14.1	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	24	14.1	细平铺型 Smooth mat
弯叶刺枝藓 Wijkia deflexifolia	22	12.7	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	14	12.6	扇型 Fan
桧叶白发藓 Leucobryum juniperoideum	12	6.2	垫状型 Cushion
刺叶羽苔 Plagiochila sciophila	11	5.8	丛集型 Turf
小叶鞭苔 Bazzania ovistipula	4	4.4	粗平铺型 Rough mat
50年栎类萌生林 SLF
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	26	23.8	扇型 Fan
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	32	16.3	细平铺型 Smooth mat
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	16	10.9	扇型 Fan
过渡带或群落的优势种类 Dominant species of ectone or community	宿主数 Host No.	重要值 IV	生活型 Life-form
疏叶羽苔 P. secretifolia	17	10.8	丛集型 Turf
阿萨羽苔 P. assamica	12	10.0	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 P. trabeculata	18	9.6	丛集型 Turf
平叉苔 Metzgeria conjugata	29	9.3	细平铺型 Smooth mat
刀叶树平藓 Homaliodendron scalpellifolium	12	8.8	扇型 Fan
南方小锦藓 Brotherella henonii	17	7.8	细平铺型 Smooth mat
青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum	19	6.4	丛集型 Turf
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	29	23.8	扇型 Fan
刀叶树平藓 H. scalpellifolium	18	15.3	扇型 Fan
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	20	13.7	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri	16	11.0	悬垂型 Pendant
落叶细鳞苔 Lejeunea subacuta	21	9.9	细平铺型 Smooth mat
齿叶平藓 Neckera crenulata	10	8.8	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	13	8.6	丛集型 Turf
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus	10	6.8	扇型 Fan
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	10	5.9	交织型 Weft
短叶毛锦藓 Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae	12	5.0	细平铺型 Smooth mat
滇山杨林 SPF
树形羽苔 Plagiochila arbuscula	23	24.9	扇型 Fan
皱萼苔 Ptychanthus striatus	17	15.1	扇型 Fan
疏叶丝带藓 Floribundaria walkeri	13	12.0	悬垂型 Pendant
黄松萝藓 Papillaria fuscescens	13	12.0	悬垂型 Pendant
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	12	11.7	交织型 Weft
树平藓 Homaliodendron flabellatum	14	10.3	扇型 Fan
狭叶羽苔 Plagiochila trabeculata	10	8.8	丛集型 Turf
侧枝匍灯藓 Plagiomnium maximoviczii	12	8.3	粗平铺型 Rough mat
轮叶波叶藓 Himantocladium cyclophyllum	10	8.0	扇型 Fan
大耳羽苔 Plagiochila subtropica	8	6.9	扇型 Fan

过渡带或群落 Ectones or communities	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Simpson 指数 Simpson index	物种丰富度 Richness
原生林 OGF	3.69	0.95	85
原生林-苔藓矮林过渡带 EOO	3.46	0.95	68
苔藓矮林 ODMF	3.98	0.97	92
原生林-50年栎类萌生林过渡带 EOSl	3.49	0.95	65
50年栎类萌生林 SLF	3.47	0.95	63
原生林-滇山杨林过渡带 EOSp	3.61	0.96	73
滇山杨林 SPF	3.44	0.95	54