三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2022136

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22136. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022136

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性

张伟¹^,²^,^#, 翟东东¹^,²^,^#, 熊飞¹^,²^,^*(), 刘红艳¹^,², 陈元元¹, 王莹¹^,², 廖传松³, 段辛斌⁴^,^*(), 田辉伍⁴, 邓华堂⁴, 陈大庆⁴

1.江汉大学生命科学学院, 湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430056
2.江汉大学持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430056
3.中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
4.中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 武汉 430223

收稿日期:2022-03-27 接受日期:2022-09-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-12-05
通讯作者: *熊飞, E-mail: xf9603@163.com;段辛斌 duan@yfi.ac.cn
作者简介:^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900903);国家自然科学基金(51779105);国家自然科学基金(51979123);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2020034)

Community structure and functional diversity of fishes in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Wei Zhang¹^,²^,^#, Dongdong Zhai¹^,²^,^#, Fei Xiong¹^,²^,^*(), Hongyan Liu¹^,², Yuanyuan Chen¹, Ying Wang¹^,², Chuansong Liao³, Xinbin Duan⁴^,^*(), Huiwu Tian⁴, Huatang Deng⁴, Daqing Chen⁴

1. School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, Wuhan 430056
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056
3. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072
4. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223

Received:2022-03-27 Accepted:2022-09-21 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-12-05
Contact: *Fei Xiong, E-mail: xf9603@163.com;Xinbin Duan duan@yfi.ac.cn
About author:^#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种的功能特征是联系群落结构和功能的关键因素, 开展功能多样性研究可以更好地理解群落结构和功能的关系。为了解三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性的空间格局, 作者于2019年和2020年对三峡库区库首秭归、库中云阳、库尾巴南及库首支流香溪河下游峡口、库中支流小江下游高阳、库尾支流嘉陵江下游合川等江段的鱼类进行调查, 分析了鱼类群落结构和多样性, 从摄食、运动和繁殖3个方面探讨了鱼类功能多样性空间格局。在三峡库区及主要支流共采集到鱼类78种, 隶属于6目15科56属。各江段以广适性和静水性鱼类为主, 其中库首秭归和支流香溪河下游峡口、小江下游高阳江段的短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)和贝氏䱗(Hemiculter bleekeri)等静水性鱼类相对丰度较高, 库中云阳、库尾巴南和支流嘉陵江下游合川江段的蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等广适性鱼类相对丰度较高。非度量多维尺度(non-metric multidimensional scale, NMDS)和Bray-Curtis相异性指数分析表明, 秭归和嘉陵江下游合川江段群落结构差异最大, 香溪河下游峡口和小江下游高阳江段群落最为相似。Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(E)在干流江段为: 秭归 < 云阳 < 巴南, 支流江段为: 嘉陵下游合川 < 小江下游高阳 < 香溪河下游峡口。鱼类摄食、运动和繁殖相关的功能多样性在空间上的变化趋势较为一致, 库首秭归江段的功能多样性最高, 嘉陵江合川江段的功能多样性最低。总功能多样性和物种多样性变化趋势一致, 在干流江段为: 秭归 < 云阳 < 巴南, 在支流江段为: 嘉陵下游合川 < 小江下游高阳 < 香溪河下游峡口。研究结果可为三峡库区鱼类多样性保护和管理提供科学依据, 为长江“十年禁渔”效果评估提供本底资料。

关键词: 三峡库区, 鱼类, 群落结构, 功能多样性, 空间格局

Abstract

Aims: The functional characteristics of species are the key factors linking community structure and function. Studies on functional diversity seeks to understand the important relationship between community structure and function. The Three Gorges Dam is currently the world’s largest hydropower project. The dam’s construction blocked fish migration, altered river habitats, and dramatically changed fish species and distribution. Our study contributes to understanding of the spatial pattern of fish community structure and diversity after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir and clarifies the relationship between species diversity and functional diversity.

Methods: In order to explore the spatial pattern of fish community structure and functional diversity, field investigations were conducted in the main stream and tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2019 to 2020. The main stream includes Zigui, Yunyang and Banan which are located in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the reservoir, respectively. The tributaries contain Xiakou (downstream of Xiangxi River), Gaoyang (downstream of Xiaojiang River) and Hechuan (downstream of Jialing River). They are located at the head, middle and end of the reservoir, respectively. We analyzed the structure and diversity of fish communities and explored the spatial patterns of functional diversity of fish by three characteristics: food acquisition, locomotion and reproduction.

Results: A total of 78 species belonging to 6 orders, 15 families and 56 genera were collected in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Eurytopic and limnophilic fish species dominated the reservoir. The limnophilic species, such as Coilia brachygnathus and Hemiculter bleekeri, had higher relative abundance in the Zigui, Xiakou and Gaoyang sections. In Yunyang, Banan and Hechuan river sections, the relative abundances of eurytopic species such as Saurogobio dabryi and Pelteobagrus nitidus were high. Non-metric multidimensional scales (NMDS) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index analyses indicated that differences in fish community structure were greatest between Hechuan and Zigui, and most similar between Xiakou and Gaoyang. Margalef richness index (D), Shannon diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (E) gradually increased from Zigui, through Yunyang to Banan in the main stream of the reservoir. In the tributaries, species diversity was highest in Xiakou, with lower diversity in Gaoyang and lowest in Hechuan. The spatial variation of functional diversity related to fish food acquisition, locomotion and reproduction were relatively consistent throughout the study area. The highest value was observed in Zigui and lowest in Hechuan. The total functional diversity had a consistent spatial variation with community species diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The diversity indices gradually increased in the main stream from Zigui to Banan. In the tributaries, diversity indices were the highest in Xiakou, followed by Gaoyang and Hechuan.

Conclusion: Overall, there are evident spatial differences in fish community structure and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Functional diversity is more sensitive than species diversity to changes in fish community.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, fish, community structure, functional diversity, spatial pattern

张伟, 翟东东, 熊飞, 刘红艳, 陈元元, 王莹, 廖传松, 段辛斌, 田辉伍, 邓华堂, 陈大庆 (2023) 三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性. 生物多样性, 31, 22136. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022136.

Wei Zhang, Dongdong Zhai, Fei Xiong, Hongyan Liu, Yuanyuan Chen, Ying Wang, Chuansong Liao, Xinbin Duan, Huiwu Tian, Huatang Deng, Daqing Chen (2023) Community structure and functional diversity of fishes in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22136. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022136.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022136

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22136

图/表 11

图1 三峡库区调查站点设置

Fig. 1 Sampling sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir

表1 三峡库区各江段渔获物数量百分比

Table 1 Abundance percentage (%) of fishery catches in each section of the Three Gorges Reservoir

种类 Species	秭归 Zigui	云阳 Yunyang	巴南 Banan	峡口 Xiakou	高阳 Gaoyang	合川 Hechuan
短颌鲚 Coilia brachygnathus	77.9	7.0	-	19.7	5.8	-
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni	4.4	8.4	-	20.0	15.1	6.1
贝氏? Hemiculter bleekeri	3.5	28.5	5.0	32.1	53.2	2.2
银鮈 Squalidus argentatus	2.8	3.9	1.9	3.3	0.1	0.2
蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	2.5	16.5	31.3	1.8	5.7	34.6
子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus	2.3	0.4	2.0	0.7	-	-
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli	0.5	1.3	3.4	0.7	2.9	0.8
长须黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus eupogon	0.4	-	2.0	-	-	-
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.3	2.8	5.7	-	0.1	-
? Hemiculter leucisculus	0.1	2.9	2.9	2.0	-	1.0
鲫 Carassius auratus	0.04	2.3	10.6	-	1.4	0.6
飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis	0.02	-	0.09	0.3	-	4.0
鲇 Silurus asotus	0.01	2.1	1.5	0.07	0.1	-
张氏? Hemiculter tchangi	-	-	3.8	2.0	6.6	0.4
黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco	-	0.1	3.2	-	0.1	-
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus	-	11.7	5.8	3.2	1.2	42.1
唇? Hemibarbus labeo	-	0.03	3.8	-	-	-
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	-	-	2.6	-	-	-
黑尾近红鲌 Ancherythroculter nigrocauda	-	0.5	-	-	-	5.9
其他 Others	5.23	11.57	14.41	14.13	7.7	2.1

图2 三峡库区不同江段各鱼类生态类群的种类和数量百分比

Fig. 2 Percentages in species and abundance of each fish ecological group in different river section of the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

图3 三峡库区鱼类群落非度量多维尺度排序图

Fig. 3 Non-metric multidimensional scale ranking of fish communities in the Three Gorges Reservoir

表2 三峡库区各江段鱼类群落Bray-Curtis相异性指数

Table 2 Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index of fish communities in each river section of the Three Gorges Reservoir

	秭归 Zigui	云阳 Yunyang	巴南 Banan	峡口 Xiakou	高阳 Gaoyang
云阳 Yunyang	0.77
巴南 Banan	0.88	0.59
峡口 Xiakou	0.79	0.49	0.83
高阳 Gaoyang	0.84	0.40	0.80	0.36
合川 Hechuan	0.94	0.73	0.79	0.85	0.84

图4 三峡库区不同江段鱼类群落物种多样性空间变化

Fig. 4 Spatial variation of species diversity of fish communities in different river sections of the the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

图5 三峡库区鱼类群落摄食功能多样性空间变化

Fig. 5 Spatial variation of food acquisition function diversity of fish communities in the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

图6 三峡库区鱼类群落运动功能多样性空间变化

Fig. 6 Spatial variation of locomotion functional diversity of fish communities in the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

图7 三峡库区鱼类群落繁殖功能多样性空间变化

Fig. 7 Spatial variation of reproduction functional diversity of fish communities in the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

图8 三峡库区鱼类群落总功能多样性的空间变化

Fig. 8 Spatial variation of total functional diversity of fish communities in the Three Gorges Reservoir. ZG, Zigui; YY, Yunyang; BN, Banan; XK, Xiakou; GY, Gaoyang; HC, Hechuan.

表3 不同多样性指数间的Pearson相关系数

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficient among different diversity indices

	Margalef	Shannon	Pielou	T-FR_ic	T-FE_ve	T-FD_iv	F-FR_ic	F-FE_ve	F-FD_iv	L-FR_ic	L-FE_ve	L-FD_iv	R-FR_ic	R-FE_ve
Shannon	0.66
Pielou	0.28	0.90^*
T-FR_ic	0.94^**	0.44	0.02
T-FE_ve	-0.41	-0.33	-0.19	-0.33
T-FD_iv	-0.51	0.18	0.52	-0.65	0.44
F-FR_ic	0.71	0.09	-0.31	0.89^*	-0.01	-0.73
F-FE_ve	-0.13	-0.32	-0.38	0.10	0.34	-0.37	0.49
F-FD_iv	-0.29	-0.76	-0.84^*	0.04	0.13	-0.37	0.35	0.51
L-FR_ic	0.79	0.24	-0.17	0.94^**	-0.33	-0.74	0.93^**	0.35	0.32
L-FE_ve	0.33	0.28	0.19	0.32	0.62	0.33	0.31	-0.13	-0.16	0.14
L-FD_iv	0.52	0.07	-0.17	0.45	-0.25	-0.27	0.23	-0.66	-0.07	0.25	0.33
R-FR_ic	0.79	0.22	-0.19	0.95^**	-0.26	-0.64	0.91^*	0.20	0.34	0.97^**	0.30	0.41
R-FE_ve	-0.85^*	-0.55	-0.24	-0.76	0.07	0.19	-0.54	0.39	0.33	-0.53	-0.70	-0.75	-0.64
R-FD_iv	0.12	-0.31	-0.51	0.43	0.28	-0.41	0.73	0.76	0.77	0.66	0.19	-0.23	0.64	0.01

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三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性

Community structure and functional diversity of fishes in the Three Gorges Reservoir

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