怒江云南段鱼类多样性现状与威胁因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2024076

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 24076. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024076 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024076

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

怒江云南段鱼类多样性现状与威胁因子

张作鹏¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 要晨阳²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), 吴玲²^,³^,⁴(), 罗遵兰⁶, 孙光⁶, 郭宗勇⁷, 李晓思⁷, 林峰²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), 陈小勇²^,³^,⁴^,^*()()

1.安徽师范大学生命科学学院, 安徽芜湖 241000, 中国
2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性重点实验室, 昆明 650201, 中国
3.中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心, 内比都 05282, 缅甸
4.云南省东南亚生物多样性保护国际联合实验室, 云南勐腊 666303, 中国
5.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国
6.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012, 中国
7.怒江傈僳族自治州渔业工作站, 云南泸水 673199, 中国

收稿日期:2024-03-02 接受日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-06-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: linfengmail0409@163.com; chenxy@mail.kiz.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(E1ZK251);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);云南省科技厅建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项(202203AP140007);中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心项目(Y4ZK111B01)

Fish diversity and threat factors in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River

Zuopeng Zhang¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Chenyang Yao²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), Ling Wu²^,³^,⁴(), Zunlan Luo⁶, Guang Sun⁶, Zongyong Guo⁷, Xiaosi Li⁷, Feng Lin²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), Xiaoyong Chen²^,³^,⁴^,^*()()

1. College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
3. Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
4. Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
6. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
7. Fishery Workstation of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui, Yunnan 673199, China

Received:2024-03-02 Accepted:2024-05-24 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-06-20
Contact: *E-mail: linfengmail0409@163.com; chenxy@mail.kiz.ac.cn
Supported by:
International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(E1ZK251);Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment(2019HJ2096001006);Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202203AP140007);Program of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01)

1. 附录.pdf(301KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

怒江是中国西南地区重要的国际河流, 是云南六大水系之一。为了解怒江云南段的鱼类多样性现状及受威胁因素, 本研究于2019-2020年对怒江云南段的干流及其支流的53个采样点进行了系统的调查, 并对该流域的鱼类多样性和威胁因子进行了分析。结果表明, 怒江云南段共记录鱼类9目26科59属89种, 本研究采集到鱼类6目20科42属51种。相对重要性指数分析发现, 怒江云南段优势种为密带南鳅(Schistura poculi), 且指数得分远远高于其他鱼类。物种多样性指数表明, 怒江云南段 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.10、5.91、0.71、0.53; 怒江干流以及两条较大支流罗明坝河和勐波罗河鱼类多样性较高。相似度分析发现, 怒江云南段各河段或河流鱼类组成差异较大。通过Pheatmap对威胁因子分析, 结果显示对怒江云南段鱼类多样性的主要威胁因素依次为农业/生活垃圾污染、捕捞、外来种入侵和支流水利水电工程建设。

关键词: 怒江, 鱼类资源, 鱼类多样性, 威胁因子

Abstract

Aims: The Nujiang River is an important international river in southwestern China and one of the six major drainages in Yunnan. This study aims to understand the fish diversity and threat factors in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River.

Methods: A systematic survey of 53 sampling sites in the Yunnan section of Nujiang River from 2019 to 2020 was conducted. The indices of Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index, Simpson dominance index was used to evaluate the diversity of fishes. Jaccard similarity index was used to evaluate the similarity of fish community structures in different rivers or reaches. The index of relative importance (IRI) was calculated to determine the dominant species. Pheatmap are used to analyze the threat factors.

Results: A total of 89 fish species belonging to 59 genera, 26 families, and 9 orders were recorded in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River. In this study, 51 fish species belonging to 42 genera, 20 families and 6 orders were collected. The IRI analysis found that the dominant species in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River was Schistura poculi, and the index score was much higher than other fish species. The species diversity index showed that the Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef species richness index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou’s evenness index of the Yunnan section of Nujiang River is 2.10, 5.91, 0.71, and 0.53, respectively. The mainstream of Nujiang River and its two larger tributaries, the Luomingba River and the Mengboluo River, had higher fish diversity. Similarity analysis showed that the fish composition of each section or river in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River was quite different. Threat factor analysis found that the most threatening factors to the fish diversity in Yunnan section of the Nujiang River were agricultural and household waste pollution, fishing, invasive alien species, and hydraulic engineering and hydropower engineering construction.

Conclusions: Agricultural and household waste pollution, fishing, invasive alien species, and hydroelectric project construction are the most threatening factors to the fish diversity in Yunnan section of Nujiang River. This study provides basic survey data for the conservation and scientific management of fish diversity in the Yunnan section of Nujiang River. This information will be useful for the ecological protection and high-quality development of Nujiang River basin.

Key words: Nujiang River, fish resources, fish diversity, threat factors

张作鹏, 要晨阳, 吴玲, 罗遵兰, 孙光, 郭宗勇, 李晓思, 林峰, 陈小勇 (2024) 怒江云南段鱼类多样性现状与威胁因子. 生物多样性, 32, 24076. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024076.

Zuopeng Zhang, Chenyang Yao, Ling Wu, Zunlan Luo, Guang Sun, Zongyong Guo, Xiaosi Li, Feng Lin, Xiaoyong Chen (2024) Fish diversity and threat factors in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24076. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024076.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024076

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I7/24076

图/表 7

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物种 Species	数量百分比 Percentage of number (%)	重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%)	出现频率 Frequency of occurrence (%)	相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI)	优势度类型 Dominant type
密带南鳅 Schistura poculi	51.51	11.17	45.28	2,838.26	Ds
宽额鳢 Channa gachua	2.62	7.88	30.19	317.18	C
怒江裂腹鱼 Schizothorax nukiangensis	2.16	7.40	28.30	270.53	C
鲫 Carassius auratus	1.14	10.51	15.09	175.85	C
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	4.76	2.90	20.75	158.94	C
南方翅条鳅 Pteronemacheilus meridionalis	5.31	0.65	22.64	134.83	C
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	11.27	2.74	9.43	132.19	C
角鱼 Tariqilabeo bicornis	2.05	18.79	3.77	78.64	G
尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus	1.73	2.15	18.87	73.35	G
云南鲱鲇 Clupisoma yunnanense	0.36	10.22	5.66	59.87	G
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	0.97	1.45	18.87	45.78	G
云纹鳗鲡 Anguilla nebulosa	0.08	6.07	5.66	34.82	G
真吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	1.78	0.41	15.09	33.00	G
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis	3.30	0.74	7.55	30.49	G
斑尾真马口波鱼 Opsarius caudiocellatus	1.12	0.49	18.87	30.47	G
粒线纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax granosus	0.53	0.77	20.75	26.91	G
食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis	1.80	0.16	13.21	25.86	G
缺须盆唇鱼 Placocheilus cryptonemus	0.82	0.65	16.98	25.06	G
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	0.72	0.27	18.87	18.61	G
巨魾 Bagarius yarrelli	0.02	3.16	5.66	18.00	G
长南鳅 Schistura longa	0.85	0.19	16.98	17.66	G
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.19	1.25	7.55	10.89	G
萨尔温墨头鱼 Garra salweenica	0.17	0.82	9.43	9.36	R
后鳍吻孔鲃 Poropuntius opisthopterus	0.11	1.39	5.66	8.48	R
长丝黑鮡 Gagata dolichonema	0.34	1.91	1.89	4.24	R
怒江间吸鳅 Hemimyzon nujiangensis	0.82	0.29	3.77	4.21	R
保山裂腹鱼 Schizothorax yunnanensis paoshanensis	0.17	1.95	1.89	4.00	R
掸邦神 Devario shanensis	0.53	0.17	5.66	3.95	R
隐斑南鳅 Schistura cryptofasciata	0.38	0.19	5.66	3.22	R
大鳞泥鳅 Misgurnus dabryanus	0.06	0.32	5.66	2.16	R
多鳞荷马条鳅 Homatula pycnolepis	0.44	0.58	1.89	1.94	R
虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss	0.02	0.94	1.89	1.82	R
长嘴鱲 Raiamas guttatus	0.15	0.17	3.77	1.21	R
扎那纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax zainaensis	0.08	0.18	3.77	1.00	R
贡山异鮡 Creteuchiloglanis gongshanensis	0.06	0.11	5.66	0.98	R
短尾高原鳅 Triplophysa brevicauda	0.15	0.10	3.77	0.94	R
短体拟鰋 Pseudexostoma brachysoma	0.13	0.02	5.66	0.84	R
保山新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus baoshanensis	0.04	0.09	5.66	0.73	R
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis	0.15	0.02	3.77	0.65	R
细尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stenura	0.06	0.11	3.77	0.64	R
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	0.06	0.07	3.77	0.50	R
怒江高原鳅 Triplophysa nujiangensa	0.21	0.05	1.89	0.50	R
大盈江黛鲈 Dario dayingensis	0.21	0.03	1.89	0.45	R
条纹四须鲃 Barbodes semifasciolatus	0.08	0.03	3.77	0.42	R
伯氏似鳞头鳅 Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei	0.13	0.06	1.89	0.35	R
露斯塔野鲮 Labeo rohita	0.08	0.09	1.89	0.33	R
高黎贡鰋 Exostoma gaoligongense	0.08	0.07	1.89	0.29	R
褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus	0.08	0.04	1.89	0.24	R
黄颡鱼 Tachysurus fulvidraco	0.04	0.07	1.89	0.22	R
长须纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax longinema	0.02	0.07	1.89	0.18	R
胡子鲇 Clarias fuscus	0.02	0.02	1.89	0.08	R

物种 Species	数量百分比 Percentage of number (%)	重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%)	出现频率 Frequency of occurrence (%)	相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI)	优势度类型 Dominant type
密带南鳅 Schistura poculi	51.51	11.17	45.28	2,838.26	Ds
宽额鳢 Channa gachua	2.62	7.88	30.19	317.18	C
怒江裂腹鱼 Schizothorax nukiangensis	2.16	7.40	28.30	270.53	C
鲫 Carassius auratus	1.14	10.51	15.09	175.85	C
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	4.76	2.90	20.75	158.94	C
南方翅条鳅 Pteronemacheilus meridionalis	5.31	0.65	22.64	134.83	C
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	11.27	2.74	9.43	132.19	C
角鱼 Tariqilabeo bicornis	2.05	18.79	3.77	78.64	G
尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus	1.73	2.15	18.87	73.35	G
云南鲱鲇 Clupisoma yunnanense	0.36	10.22	5.66	59.87	G
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	0.97	1.45	18.87	45.78	G
云纹鳗鲡 Anguilla nebulosa	0.08	6.07	5.66	34.82	G
真吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	1.78	0.41	15.09	33.00	G
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis	3.30	0.74	7.55	30.49	G
斑尾真马口波鱼 Opsarius caudiocellatus	1.12	0.49	18.87	30.47	G
粒线纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax granosus	0.53	0.77	20.75	26.91	G
食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis	1.80	0.16	13.21	25.86	G
缺须盆唇鱼 Placocheilus cryptonemus	0.82	0.65	16.98	25.06	G
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	0.72	0.27	18.87	18.61	G
巨魾 Bagarius yarrelli	0.02	3.16	5.66	18.00	G
长南鳅 Schistura longa	0.85	0.19	16.98	17.66	G
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.19	1.25	7.55	10.89	G
萨尔温墨头鱼 Garra salweenica	0.17	0.82	9.43	9.36	R
后鳍吻孔鲃 Poropuntius opisthopterus	0.11	1.39	5.66	8.48	R
长丝黑鮡 Gagata dolichonema	0.34	1.91	1.89	4.24	R
怒江间吸鳅 Hemimyzon nujiangensis	0.82	0.29	3.77	4.21	R
保山裂腹鱼 Schizothorax yunnanensis paoshanensis	0.17	1.95	1.89	4.00	R
掸邦神 Devario shanensis	0.53	0.17	5.66	3.95	R
隐斑南鳅 Schistura cryptofasciata	0.38	0.19	5.66	3.22	R
大鳞泥鳅 Misgurnus dabryanus	0.06	0.32	5.66	2.16	R
多鳞荷马条鳅 Homatula pycnolepis	0.44	0.58	1.89	1.94	R
虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss	0.02	0.94	1.89	1.82	R
长嘴鱲 Raiamas guttatus	0.15	0.17	3.77	1.21	R
扎那纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax zainaensis	0.08	0.18	3.77	1.00	R
贡山异鮡 Creteuchiloglanis gongshanensis	0.06	0.11	5.66	0.98	R
短尾高原鳅 Triplophysa brevicauda	0.15	0.10	3.77	0.94	R
短体拟鰋 Pseudexostoma brachysoma	0.13	0.02	5.66	0.84	R
保山新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus baoshanensis	0.04	0.09	5.66	0.73	R
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis	0.15	0.02	3.77	0.65	R
细尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stenura	0.06	0.11	3.77	0.64	R
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	0.06	0.07	3.77	0.50	R
怒江高原鳅 Triplophysa nujiangensa	0.21	0.05	1.89	0.50	R
大盈江黛鲈 Dario dayingensis	0.21	0.03	1.89	0.45	R
条纹四须鲃 Barbodes semifasciolatus	0.08	0.03	3.77	0.42	R
伯氏似鳞头鳅 Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei	0.13	0.06	1.89	0.35	R
露斯塔野鲮 Labeo rohita	0.08	0.09	1.89	0.33	R
高黎贡鰋 Exostoma gaoligongense	0.08	0.07	1.89	0.29	R
褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus	0.08	0.04	1.89	0.24	R
黄颡鱼 Tachysurus fulvidraco	0.04	0.07	1.89	0.22	R
长须纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax longinema	0.02	0.07	1.89	0.18	R
胡子鲇 Clarias fuscus	0.02	0.02	1.89	0.08	R

河流 River	河段 Reach	Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index	Simpson 优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index
怒江干流 Mainstream of the Nujiang River	中游 Midstream	1.53	1.54	0.69	0.70
怒江干流 Mainstream of the Nujiang River	下游 Downstream	2.13	4.69	0.78	0.63
	总体 Total	2.38	5.19	0.84	0.68
怒江支流 Tributary of the Nujiang River	勐波罗河 Mengboluo River (MBL)	1.78	3.30	0.70	0.54
怒江支流 Tributary of the Nujiang River	普拉河 Pula River (PL)	0	0	0	0
	迪麻洛河 Dimaluo River (DML)	1.04	1.44	0.63	0.95
	老窝河 Laowo River (LW)	0.13	0.86	0.04	0.07
	孙足河 Sunzu River (SZ)	0.10	0.26	0.04	0.14
	罗明坝河 Luomingba River (LMB)	1.22	2.95	0.45	0.41
	水长河 Shuichang River (SC)	1.50	1.78	0.72	0.60
怒江 Nujiang River	总体 Total	2.10	5.91	0.71	0.53

河流 River	河段 Reach	Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index	Simpson 优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index
怒江干流 Mainstream of the Nujiang River	中游 Midstream	1.53	1.54	0.69	0.70
怒江干流 Mainstream of the Nujiang River	下游 Downstream	2.13	4.69	0.78	0.63
	总体 Total	2.38	5.19	0.84	0.68
怒江支流 Tributary of the Nujiang River	勐波罗河 Mengboluo River (MBL)	1.78	3.30	0.70	0.54
怒江支流 Tributary of the Nujiang River	普拉河 Pula River (PL)	0	0	0	0
	迪麻洛河 Dimaluo River (DML)	1.04	1.44	0.63	0.95
	老窝河 Laowo River (LW)	0.13	0.86	0.04	0.07
	孙足河 Sunzu River (SZ)	0.10	0.26	0.04	0.14
	罗明坝河 Luomingba River (LMB)	1.22	2.95	0.45	0.41
	水长河 Shuichang River (SC)	1.50	1.78	0.72	0.60
怒江 Nujiang River	总体 Total	2.10	5.91	0.71	0.53

河流或河段 Rivers or reaches	迪麻洛河 Dimaluo River	老窝河 Laowo River	孙足河 Sunzu River	罗明坝河 Luomingba River	水长河 Shuichang River	勐波罗河 Mengboluo River	怒江干流中游 Midstream of the Nujiang River	怒江干流下游 Downstream of the Nujiang River
迪麻洛河 Dimaluo River
老窝河 Laowo River	0.13
孙足河 Sunzu River	0	0.14
罗明坝河 Luomingba River	0	0.14	0.10
水长河 Shuichang River	0.07	0.29	0.17	0.30
勐波罗河 Mengboluo River	0	0.18	0.07	0.35	0.35
怒江干流中游 Midstream of the Nujiang River	0.33	0.25	0.10	0.08	0.17	0.09
怒江干流下游 Downstream of the Nujiang River	0.03	0.13	0.07	0.33	0.28	0.40	0.12
怒江干流 Mainstream of the Nujiang River	0.09	0.11	0.06	0.29	0.24	0.36	0.27	0.85

怒江云南段鱼类多样性现状与威胁因子

Fish diversity and threat factors in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River

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鱼类种类 Fish species	《国家重点保护野生动物名录(2021)》 List of Key Protected Wild Animals in China (2021)	IUCN红色名录(2023) IUCN Red List (2023)	《中国生物物种红色名录(2021版)》China’s Red List of Biodiversity (2021)
巨魾 Bagarius yarrelli	II	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	VU
后背鲈鲤 Percocypris retrodorslis	II		VU
长丝黑鮡 Gagata dolichonema	II		VU
角鱼 Tariqilabeo bicornis	II
布朗神 Devario browni		VU	近危 Near Threatened (NT)
云纹鳗鲡 Anguilla nebulosa		NT	NT
南方白甲鱼 Onychostoma gerlachi		NT
贡山裂腹鱼 Schizothorax gongshanensis			濒危 Endangered (EN)
贡山异鮡 Creteuchiloglanis gongshanensis			EN
短体拟鰋 Pseudexostoma brachysoma			EN
长鳍褶鮡 Pseudecheneis longipectoralis			EN
后鳍吻孔鲃 Poropuntius opisthopterus			VU
怒江裂腹鱼 Schizothorax nukiangensis			VU
全裸裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus			VU
怒江间吸鳅 Hemimyzon nujiangensis			NT
异鲴 Cabdio morar			NT
保山新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus baoshanensis			NT
缺须盆唇鱼 Placocheilus cryptonemus			NT
云南鲱鲇 Clupisoma yunnanense			NT
缅甸纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax burmanicus			NT
粒线纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax granosus			NT
中华青鳉 Oryzias sinensis			NT

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