热带沿海城市土著鱼类面临的威胁: 以海南省三亚市为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024165

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 24165. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024165 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024165

热带沿海城市土著鱼类面临的威胁: 以海南省三亚市为例

孙智闲¹^,², 田晨¹^,³, 王鑫¹^,², 方雨田¹, 李博¹, 赵亚辉¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101
2.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306
3.河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002

收稿日期:2024-05-06 接受日期:2024-06-23 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-07-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32270464);海南三亚河国家湿地公园生态资源系统调查和研究项目

Threats faced by native fishes in tropical coastal cities: A case study of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China

Zhixian Sun¹^,², Chen Tian¹^,³, Xin Wang¹^,², Yutian Fang¹, Bo Li¹, Yahui Zhao¹^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China

Received:2024-05-06 Accepted:2024-06-23 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-07-18
Contact: *E-mail: zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270464);Ecological Resources Survey and Research of the Sanyahe National Wetland Park, Hainan

1. 附录.zip(38KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热带沿海地区有着独特的鱼类多样性, 而沿海又是城市化的热点区域。三亚市是我国典型的热带沿海城市, 位于海南岛南部, 三亚河流域是该市最主要的河流系统。为了解三亚市的鱼类多样性, 本研究通过鱼类多样性本底调查与固定监测两部分野外工作, 并整合历史文献与标本馆标本, 对该地区的鱼类进行了较为系统的梳理。以Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数分析评估了三亚河流域鱼类的多样性水平和时空变化。结果表明: 三亚市共有鱼类133种, 其中土著鱼类120种。咸淡水区是三亚市鱼类多样性的热点地区; 三亚河4条主要支流中, 汤他水和六罗水的多样性较高。外来物种是目前三亚市鱼类多样性面临的最主要威胁。外来物种个体数量在红树林咸淡水区与各支流水库及以下城镇密集的河段占相当高的比例, 河口和各水库上游溪流的外来种占比低。综合本研究的调查结果, 三亚市鱼类多样性的保护首要是防控外来和入侵鱼类, 其次是各类湿地的修复, 同时需要控制面源和点源污染, 统筹各水库下泄生态流量。

关键词: α多样性, 河口, 外来物种, 城市鱼类, 红树林

Abstract

Aims: The tropical coastal regions have very unique fish diversity, and these coastal regions are also becoming the hotspots of the significant urbanization. Sanya City, located in the south of Hainan Island, is a typical tropical coastal city with the Sanyahe River as its main river system. This study aims to provide an overview of the current fish diversity in Sanya City.

Methods: Two field collection journeys were conducted throughout Sanyahe River system in May (dry season) and July (rainy season) of 2022. Additionally, long-term monitoring was carried out at nine monitoring stations across different sections of the river from March to July in the same year. Relevant historical literature and the voucher records from ichthyologic collections of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, were also integrated. Three α diversity indices (Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) were used to assess the diversity across different habitat, river sections, and seasons.

Results: There were 133 fish species distributed in Sanya City, 120 of which were native. The brackish zone had the most abundant fish species. Among the four main tributaries of the Sanyahe River, the Tangtashui River and the Liuluoshui River had a higher fish diversity. The mangrove brackish habitat, the four reservoirs, and their downsteam areas, which were closely located with the dense urban residence, had a higher proportion on individual number of exotic species. Estuary and upper stream habitats had a lower proportion of exotic species, both in terms of individual numbers and species.

Conclusions: Exotic species are currently the main threat to fish diversity in Sanya City. Based on the results of this study, the conservation of native fish diversity in Sanya City should primarily focus on preventing and controlling exotic and invasive fish species. This should be followed by the restoration of various types of wetlands, controlling non-point and point source pollution, and coordinating the ecological flow of the local reservoirs.

Key words: α diversity, estuary, exotic species, fishes in urban, mangrove

孙智闲, 田晨, 王鑫, 方雨田, 李博, 赵亚辉 (2024) 热带沿海城市土著鱼类面临的威胁: 以海南省三亚市为例. 生物多样性, 32, 24165. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024165.

Zhixian Sun, Chen Tian, Xin Wang, Yutian Fang, Bo Li, Yahui Zhao (2024) Threats faced by native fishes in tropical coastal cities: A case study of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24165. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024165.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024165

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I8/24165

图/表 11

参考文献 44

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	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
海鲢目 Elopiformes	1	0.8
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	3	2.3
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	1	0.8
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	19	14.3
鲇形目 Siluriformes	6	4.5
脂鲤目 Characiformes	1	0.8
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes	1	0.8
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	4	3.0
颌针目 Beloniformes	3	2.3
合鳃目 Synbranchiformes	1	0.8
鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	2	1.5
鲈形目 Perciformes	85	63.9
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	3	2.3
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	2.3
总计 Total	133	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
海鲢目 Elopiformes	1	0.8
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	3	2.3
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	1	0.8
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	19	14.3
鲇形目 Siluriformes	6	4.5
脂鲤目 Characiformes	1	0.8
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes	1	0.8
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	4	3.0
颌针目 Beloniformes	3	2.3
合鳃目 Synbranchiformes	1	0.8
鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	2	1.5
鲈形目 Perciformes	85	63.9
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	3	2.3
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	2.3
总计 Total	133	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
濒危 Endangered	2	1.7
易危 Vulnerable	1	0.8
近危 Near Threatened	2	1.7
无危 Least Concern	75	62.5
数据缺乏 Data Deficient	6	5.0
未评估 Not Evaluated	34	28.3
总计 Total	120	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
濒危 Endangered	2	1.7
易危 Vulnerable	1	0.8
近危 Near Threatened	2	1.7
无危 Least Concern	75	62.5
数据缺乏 Data Deficient	6	5.0
未评估 Not Evaluated	34	28.3
总计 Total	120	100.0

物种 Species	汤他水 Tangtashui River	六罗水 Liuluoshui River	半岭水 Banlingshui River	草蓬水 Caopengshui River	淡水生境 Freshwater habitat	咸淡水生境 Brackish habitat
条纹小鲃 Puntius semifasciolatus	+	+	+++	+	+	-
海南似鱎 Toxabramis houdemeri	+	+++	++++	+	+++	-
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	+	+	-	++	+	-
云斑尖塘鳢 Oxyeleotris marmorata^*	++	++	++	+	+	+
花身副丽鱼 Parachromis managuensis^*	+	++++	+	++++	+	-
双斑伴丽鱼 Hemichromis bimaculatus^*	++++	-	-	-	++++	-
齐氏罗非鱼 Coptodon zillii^*	+++	-	-	-	++	++++
莫桑比克口孵非鲫 Oreochromis mossambicus^*	-	-	-	-	-	+++
尼罗口孵非鲫 Oreochromis niloticus^*	-	+	-	+++	+	+
伽利略帚齿非鲫 Sarotherodon galilaeus^*	-	-	-	-	-	++

热带沿海城市土著鱼类面临的威胁: 以海南省三亚市为例

Threats faced by native fishes in tropical coastal cities: A case study of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China

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物种 Species	汤他水 Tangtashui River	六罗水 Liuluoshui River	半岭水 Banlingshui River	草蓬水 Caopengshui River	淡水生境 Freshwater habitat	咸淡水生境 Brackish habitat
鲻 Mugil cephalus	-	-	-	-	-	++++
条纹小鲃 Puntius semifasciolatus	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	-
鲫 Carassius auratus	+	-	++	-	++	-
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	++	-	-	-	+	-
海南似鱎 Toxabramis houdemeri	++++	++++	++++	++	++++	-
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	+	++	-	++++	++	-
云斑裸颊虾虎鱼 Yongeichthys nebulosus	-	-	-	-	-	++
叉尾斗鱼 Macropodus opercularis	-	++	+	-	+	+
布鲁双边鱼 Ambassis buruensis	-	-	-	-	-	+++

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