红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2014.14225

所属专题：野生动物的红外相机监测

红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制

张履冰^1,², 崔绍朋^1,², 黄元骏^1,², 陈代强^1,², 乔慧捷¹, 李春旺¹, 蒋志刚^1,,A;^*()

1.中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室, 北京 100101
2 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2014-10-23 接受日期:2014-11-23 出版日期:2014-11-20 发布日期:2014-12-11
通讯作者: 蒋志刚
基金资助:
国家科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110300)

Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights

Lvbing Zhang^1,², Shaopeng Cui^1,², Yuanjun Huang^1,², Daiqiang Chen^1,², Huijie Qiao¹, Chunwang Li¹, Zhigang Jiang^1,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2014-10-23 Accepted:2014-11-23 Online:2014-11-20 Published:2014-12-11
Contact: Jiang Zhigang

1. 附表1 我国野生动物监测研究中运用红外相机捕获鸟、兽概况.pdf(180KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红外相机(camera traps)作为对野生动物进行“非损伤”性采样的技术, 已成为研究动物多样性、种群生态学及行为学的常用手段之一。其发展和普及为中国野生动物多样性和物种保育研究带来了诸多机会。如今, 国内大多数自然保护区都在运用红外相机技术开展物种监测工作。本文结合20年来已发表的相关研究, 从内容、实验设计以及发展趋势方面, 总结了目前红外相机技术在应用过程中出现的共性问题; 并就相机对动物的干扰性、影像识别、研究的适用范围及安全保障四个方面, 对该项技术在实践中存在的限制进行了探讨。最后结合红外相机技术未来的发展方向, 提出了建立技术规范、数据集成和共享、影像数据版权维护、提高监测效率等问题。

关键词: 红外相机技术, 野生动物监测, 多样性, 种群, 自然保护区

Abstract

Infrared-triggered camera (camera trap) is a “non-invasive” method for detecting or recording wild animals, and is a useful tool for studying animal diversity, population ecology and animal behavior. The development of infrared camera traps facilitates contemporary biodiversity research and conservation efforts in China. In addition to researchers, most Chinese nature reserves are using camera traps to monitor animals. Based on publications from the past two decades, we summarized common issues related to research content, experimental design, and trends in infrared camera usage. We also discuss the drawbacks and limitations of infrared cameras in terms of disturbance to animals, image identification, and scope of application and security of the cameras in the field. Finally, we provide direction for the future establishment of monitoring protocols, data integration and sharing, and improving monitoring efficiency in using camera traps.

Key words: infrared triggered camera, camera trap, wild animal monitoring, biodiversity, population, nature reserve

张履冰, 崔绍朋, 黄元骏, 陈代强, 乔慧捷, 李春旺, 蒋志刚 (2014) 红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制. 生物多样性, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.

Lvbing Zhang, Shaopeng Cui, Yuanjun Huang, Daiqiang Chen, Huijie Qiao, Chunwang Li, Zhigang Jiang (2014) Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights. Biodiversity Science, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I6/696

图/表 6

图1 红外相机监测研究中投入捕获日(a)和抽样面积(b)频度分布图

Fig.1 Frequency plot of trapping days spent in camera-trap researches (a) and sampling area of camera-trap researches (b)

图2 不同植被类型和生境中开展红外相机监测研究的比例

Fig. 2 Efforts of camera-trap researches in vegetation and habitats types. BF, boreal forests; TDB, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests; TM & R, tropical monsoon forests and rain forests; TG, temperate grassland; TD, temperate desert; SE, subtropical evergreen forests; TPA, alpine of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; TCB, temperate coniferous broad-leaved forest

图3 红外相机监测研究的地域差异

Fig. 3 Geographic bias in research contribution of camera traps

图4 国内红外相机监测研究发表论文数量的变化趋势(a)及相应的研究周期(从监测开始到结论发表的时间)(b)。

Fig. 4 Temporal trends in publication number (a) and researching periods of domestic researches (b) about camera traps

图5 不同植被类型的生境内物种多样性监测结果比较

Fig. 5 Species richness in different vegetation and habitat types based on the camera trap monitoring. Abbreviations consulting in Fig. 2.

我国野生动物监测研究中运用红外相机捕获鸟、兽概况

Table S1 Mammal and bird groups captured with infrared-camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring of China http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-225-1.pdf

动物类群 Taxon	种群或多样性研究 Researches on population ecology or biodiversity		行为学研究 Researches on animal behavior
动物类群 Taxon	频数^* Frequency	种类数^* Species number	频数 Frequency		种类数 Species number
哺乳纲 Mammalia
食肉目 Carnivora
犬科 Canidae	8	5
猫科 Felidae	27	7	3		1
鼬科 Mustelidae	46	8
熊猫科和熊科 Ailuropodidae, Ursidae	7	2
灵猫科 Viverridae	18	4
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
鹿科 Cervidae	30	9	1		1
牛科 Bovidae	24	9
猪科 Suidae	16	1
麝科 Moschidae	4	3
骆驼科 Camelidae	1	1	1		1
灵长目 Primates
猴科 Cercopithecidae	8	4
懒猴科 Lorisidae	2	2
啮齿目 Rodentia
松鼠科 Sciuridae	33	9
鼠科 Muridae	14	>4
鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae	2	2
豪猪科 Hystricidae	5	1
兔形目 Lagomorpha
兔科 Leporidae	10	5
鼠兔科 Ochotonidae	1	1
奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
马科 Equidae	1	1
食虫类 Insectivora
鼩鼱科 Soricidae	2	1
猬科 Erinaceidae	3	1
鳞甲目 Pholidota
鲮鲤科 Manidae	1	1
树鼩目 Scandentia
树鼩科 Tupaiidae	1	1
翼手目 Chiroptera
狐蝠科 Pteropodidae			1	2
鸟纲 Aves
雀形目 Passeriformes	151	-
鸡形目 Galliformes	17	-	3	2
鸽形目 Columbiformes	4	-
隼形目 Falconiformes	8	-
鸮形目 Strigiformes	3	-
鴷形目 Coraciiformes	8	-
鸻形目 Charadriiformes	1	-

参考文献 55

[1]	Badru M, Douglas S, Peter S, Miriam van H, Pontious E (2013) A camera trap assessment of terrestrial vertebrates in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.African Journal of Ecology, 51, 21-31.
[2]	Brackman LS (2000) Not-So-Candid camera, please: law enforcement officers violate the fourth amendment when the media tags along. Missouri Law Review, 65, 743.
[3]	Carbone C, Christie S, Conforti K, Coulson T, Franklin N, Ginsberg JR, Griffiths M, Holden J, Kawanishi K, Kinnaird M, Laidlaw R, Lynam A, Macdonald DW, Martyr D, McDougal C, Nath L, O’Brien T, Seidensticker J, Smith DJL, Sunquist M, Tilson R, Wan Shahruddin WN (2006) The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals.Animal Conservation, 4, 75-79.
[4]	Chen XR (陈小荣), Xu DM (许大明), Bao YX (鲍毅新), Zhang SS (章书声) (2013) Mammalian species diversity in Baishanzu National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province of East China based on G-F index. Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志), 32, 1421-1427. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Efford MG (2009) Secr—Spatially Explicit Capture-recapture in R, version 1.2.10. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin. (10/10/2014
[6]	Gopalaswamy AM, Royle JA, Hines JE, Singh P, Jathanna D, Kumar N, Karanth KU (2012) Program SPACECAP: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture-recapture models.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 1067-1072.
[7]	Hemmi JM, Maddess T, Mark RF (2000) Spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors in an Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).Vision Research, 40, 591-599.
[8]	Hines JE (2010) Capture 2. Patuxent: USGS PWRC.(10/10/
	1)2014)
[9]	Hu TH (胡天华), Li YG (李元刚) (2013) Application of camera traps in wildlife monitoring of Helan Mountain Natural Reserve, Ningxia.Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology(宁夏农林科技), 54, 57-59. (in Chinese)
[10]	Huang GT, Rosowski JJ, Peake WT (2000) Relating middle-ear acoustic performance to body size in the cat family: measurements and models.Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 186, 447-465.
[11]	Huang G, Rosowski J, Ravicz M, Peake W (2002) Mammalian ear specializations in arid habitats: structural and functional evidence from sand cat (Felis margarita).Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 188, 663-681.
[12]	Isley TE, Gysel LW (1975) Sound-source localization by the red fox. Journal of Mammalogy, 56, 397-404.
[13]	Jiang ZG (蒋志刚) (2004) Animal Behavioral Principles and Species Conservation Methods (动物行为原理与物种保护方法). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[14]	Jiang ZG (蒋志刚), Sun JZ (孙吉周), Cui SP (崔绍朋), Chen DQ (陈代强), Zhang LB (张履冰), Li CW (李春旺), Tang SH (汤宋华), Chu HJ (初红军) (2014) Moose Alces alces alces in Mt. Altay, Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Zoology(动物学杂志), 49, 303-304. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Larrucea ES, Brussard PF, Jaeger MM, Barrett RH (2007) Cameras, coyotes and the assumption of equal detectability.Journal of Wildlife Management, 71, 1682-1689.
[16]	Lehner PN, Krumm R, Cringan AT (1976) Tests for olfactory repellents for coyotes and dogs.Journal of Wildlife Management, 40, 145-150.
[17]	Li F (李峰), Jiang ZG (蒋志刚) (2014) Is nocturnal rhythm of Asian badger (Meles leucurus) caused by human activity? A case study in the eastern area of Qinghai Lake.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 22, 758-763. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Li M (李敏), Wang JC (汪继超), Liu HW (刘海伟), Shi HT (史海涛) (2014) Simulation of Cuora galbinifrons nest predation.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志), 33, 1629-1633. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Li S, McShea WJ, Wang DJ, Shao LK, Shi XG (2010) The use of infrared-triggered cameras for surveying phasianids in Sichuan Province, China.IBIS, 152, 299-309.
[20]	Li ZX (李志兴) (2003) China’s first photo of wild tiger using infrared camera.Chinese Journal of Wildlife(野生动物学报), (5), 35-38. (in Chinese)
[21]	Li ZL (李治霖), Kang AL (康霭黎), Lang JM (郎建民), Xue YG (薛延刚), Ren Y (任毅), Zhu ZW (朱志文), Ma JZ (马建章), Liu PQ (刘培琦), Jiang GS (姜广顺) (2014) On the assessment of big cats and their prey populations based on camera trap data.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 22, 725-732. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Liu DZ (刘东志), Jiang ZG (蒋志刚), Chu HJ (初红军), Huang XW (黄效文), Zhang F (张帆), Chen G (陈刚) (2013) Summer nocturnal activity rhythms and time budgets of the Sino-Mongolia beaver (Castor fiber birulai) in Xinjiang, China.Acta Theriologica Sinica(兽类学报), 33, 319-325. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Liu F (刘芳), Li DQ (李迪强), Wu JG (吴记贵) (2012) Using infra-red cameras to survey wildlife in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 32, 730-739. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Lu XL (卢学理), Jiang ZG (蒋志刚), Tang JR (唐继荣), Wang XJ (王学杰), Xiang DQ (向定乾), Zhang JP (张建平) (2005) Auto-trigger camera traps for studying giant panda and its sympatric wildlife species.Acta Zoologica Sinica(动物学报), 51, 495-500. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Ma M (马鸣), Xu F (徐峰), Chundawat RS, Jumabay K, Wu YQ (吴逸群), Ai ZZ (艾则孜), Zhu MH (朱玛洪) (2006) Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains.Acta Zoologica Sinica(动物学报), 52, 788-793. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	Meek PD, Ballard G, Fleming PJS, Schaefer M, Williams W, Falzon G (2014) Camera traps can be heard and seen by animals.PLoS ONE, 9, e110832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0110832.
[27]	Mokany K, Jones MM, Harwood DT (2013) Scaling pairwise β-diversity and α-diversity with area.Journal of Biogeography, 40, 2299-2309.
[28]	Newbold HG, King CM (2009) Can a predator see ‘invisible’ light? Infrared vision in ferrets (Mustela furo).Wildlife Research, 36, 309-318.
[29]	O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT (2003) Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation, 6, 131-139.
[30]	O’Brien T, Baillie J, Krueger L, Cuke M (2010) The Wildlife Picture Index: monitoring top trophic levels.Animal Conservation, 13, 335-343.
[31]	O’Connell AF, Nichols JD, Karanth KU (2011) Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses. Springer, New York.
[32]	Pater L (2001) Defining auditory thresholds for animal species. ALIS.
[33]	Ping X, Li C, Jiang Z, Liu W, Zhu H (2011a) Sexual difference in seasonal patterns of salt lick use by south China sika deer Cervus nippon.Mammalian Biology, 76, 196-200.
[34]	Ping X, Li C, Jiang Z, Liu W, Zhu H (2011b) Interference competition and group size effect in sika deer (Cervus nippon) at salt licks.Ethologica, 14, 43-49.
[35]	Price MA, Attenborough K, Heap NW (1988) Sound attenuation through trees: measurements and models.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 1836-1844.
[36]	Rowcliffe JM, Kays R, Kranstauber B, Carbone C, Jansen PA (2014) Quantifying levels of animal activity using camera trap data.Methods in Ecology and Evolution , doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12278 (2014/10/15)
[37]	Rovero F, Martin E, Rosa M, Ahumada JA, Spitale D (2014) Estimating species richness and modelling habitat preferences of tropical forest mammals from camera trap data.PLoS ONE, 9, e103300. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103300 (2014/10/12)
[38]	Schipper J (2007) Camera-trap avoidance by Kinkajous Potos flavus: rethinking the “non invasive” paradigm.Small Carnivore Conservation, 36, 38-41.
[39]	Séquin ES, Jaeger MM, Brussard PF, Barrett RH (2003) Wariness of coyotes to camera traps relative to social status and territory boundaries.Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81, 2015-2025.
[40]	Si XF, Kays R, Ding P (2014) How long is enough to detect terrestrial animals? Estimating the minimum trapping effort on camera traps.PeerJ, 2, e374.
[41]	Tremaine G, Farah CR, Jessica D, Joseph K, Alfonso A (2014) Arboreal camera trapping: taking a proven method to new heights.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 443-451.
[42]	Trolle M, Kéry M (2003) Estimation of ocelot density in the Pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data.Journal of Mammalogy, 84, 607-614.
[43]	Wang JJ (王佳佳), Yu ZG (余志刚), Li ZM (李筑眉), Jiang H (蒋鸿), Liang W (梁伟) (2014) Identifying predators of ground nests of birds in Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Guizhou, southwestern China.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志), 33, 352-357. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	Wang Y (王云), Piao ZJ (朴正吉), Guan L (关磊), Kong YP (孔亚平) (2013) Influence of Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Highway on wildlife.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志), 32, 425-435. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[45]	Wearn OR, Rowcliffe JM, Carbone C, Bernard H, Ewers RM (2013) Assessing the status of wild felids in a highly- disturbed commercial forest reserve in Borneo and the implications for camera trap survey design.PLoS ONE, 8, e77598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077598.
[46]	Wegge P, Pokheral CP, Jnawali SR (2004) Effects of trapping effort and trap shyness on estimates of tiger abundance from camera trap studies.Animal Conservation, 7, 251-256.
[47]	Windberg LA (1996) Coyote responses to visual and olfactory stimuli related to familiarity with an area.Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 2248-2253.
[48]	Xiao ZS (肖治术), Wang XZ (王学志), Li XH (李欣海) (2014a) An introduction to CameraData: an online database of wildlife camera trap data.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 22, 712-716. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[49]	Xiao ZS (肖治术), Li XH (李欣海), Wang XZ (王学志), Zhou QH (周岐海), Quan RC (权锐昌), Shen XL (申小莉), Li S (李晟) (2014b) Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 22, 704-711. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]	Xu AC, Jiang ZG, Li CW, Guo JX, Da SL, Cui QH, Yu SY, Wu GS (2008) Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Gouli Region, Kunlun Mountains, China.Oryx, 42, 460-463.
[51]	Xue YD (薛亚东), Liu F (刘芳), Guo TZ (郭铁征), Yuan L (袁磊), Li DQ (李迪强) (2014) Using camera traps to survey wildlife at water sources on the northern slope of the Altun Mountains, China.Acta Theriologica Sinica(兽类学报), 34, 164-171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[52]	Zhang SS (章书声), Bao YX (鲍毅新), Wang YN (王艳妮), Fang PF (方平福), Ye B (叶彬) (2012) Activity rhythms of black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifron) revealed with infrared camera.Acta Theriologica Sinica(兽类学报), 32, 368-372. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[53]	Zhang SS (章书声), Bao YX (鲍毅新), Wang YN (王艳妮), Fang PF (方平福), Ye B (叶彬) (2013) Estimating rodent density using infrared-triggered camera technology.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 33, 3241-3247. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[54]	Zhao YZ (赵玉泽), Wang ZC (王志臣), Xu JL (徐基良), Luo X (罗旭), An LD (安丽丹) (2013) Activity rhythm and behavioral time budgets of wild Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) using infrared camera. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 33, 6021-6027. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[55]	Zheng WC (郑伟成), Zhang SS (章书声), Pan CC (潘成椿), Liu JL (刘菊莲), Ji GH (季国华) (2014) Mammal and avian diversity detected by infrared cameras in Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology(浙江林业科技), 34, 17-22. (in Chinese)

红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制

Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

补充材料

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 55

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吴晓晴张美惠葛苏婷李漫淑宋坤沈国春达良俊张健. 上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态——以闵行区生态岛为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24444-.
[2]	干靓刘巷序鲁雪茗岳星. 全球生物多样性热点地区大城市的保护政策与优化方向[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24529-.
[3]	曾子轩杨锐黄越陈路遥. 清华大学校园鸟类多样性特征与环境关联[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24373-.
[4]	周昊, 王茗毅, 张楚格, 肖治术, 欧阳芳. 昆虫旅馆在独栖蜂多样性保护中的现状与挑战[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24472-.
[5]	臧明月, 刘立, 马月, 徐徐, 胡飞龙, 卢晓强, 李佳琦, 于赐刚, 刘燕. 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的中国城市生物多样性保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24482-.
[6]	祝晓雨, 王晨灏, 王忠君, 张玉钧. 城市绿地生物多样性研究进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 25027-.
[7]	袁琳, 王思琦, 侯静轩. 大都市地区的自然留野：趋势与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24481-.
[8]	胡敏, 李彬彬, Coraline Goron. 只绿是不够的: 一个生物多样性友好的城市公园管理框架[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24483-.
[9]	王欣, 鲍风宇. 基于鸟类多样性提升的南滇池国家湿地公园生态修复效果分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24531-.
[10]	明玥, 郝培尧, 谭铃千, 郑曦. 基于城市绿色高质量发展理念的中国城市生物多样性保护与提升研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24524-.
[11]	徐欢, 辛凤飞, 施宏亮, 袁琳, 薄顺奇, 赵欣怡, 邓帅涛, 潘婷婷, 余婧, 孙赛赛, 薛程. 生态修复技术集成应用对长江口北支生境与鸟类多样性提升效果评估[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24478-.
[12]	易木荣, 卢萍, 彭勇, 汤勇, 许久恒, 尹浩萍, 张路杨, 翁晓东, 底明晓, 雷隽, 卢宸祺, 曹如君, 戴年华, 占德洋, 童媚, 楼智明, 丁永刚, 柴静, 车静. 北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24145-.
[13]	谢淦, 宣晶, 付其迪, 魏泽, 薛凯, 雒海瑞, 高吉喜, 李敏. 草地植物多样性无人机调查的物种智能识别模型构建[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24236-.
[14]	王太, 宋福俊, 张永胜, 娄忠玉, 张艳萍, 杜岩岩. 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性及资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24387-.
[15]	褚晓琳, 张全国. 演化速率假说的实验验证研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 25019-.