红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红外相机(camera traps)作为对野生动物进行“非损伤”性采样的技术, 已成为研究动物多样性、种群生态学及行为学的常用手段之一。其发展和普及为中国野生动物多样性和物种保育研究带来了诸多机会。如今, 国内大多数自然保护区都在运用红外相机技术开展物种监测工作。本文结合20年来已发表的相关研究, 从内容、实验设计以及发展趋势方面, 总结了目前红外相机技术在应用过程中出现的共性问题; 并就相机对动物的干扰性、影像识别、研究的适用范围及安全保障四个方面, 对该项技术在实践中存在的限制进行了探讨。最后结合红外相机技术未来的发展方向, 提出了建立技术规范、数据集成和共享、影像数据版权维护、提高监测效率等问题。

关键词: 红外相机技术, 野生动物监测, 多样性, 种群, 自然保护区

Abstract

Infrared-triggered camera (camera trap) is a “non-invasive” method for detecting or recording wild animals, and is a useful tool for studying animal diversity, population ecology and animal behavior. The development of infrared camera traps facilitates contemporary biodiversity research and conservation efforts in China. In addition to researchers, most Chinese nature reserves are using camera traps to monitor animals. Based on publications from the past two decades, we summarized common issues related to research content, experimental design, and trends in infrared camera usage. We also discuss the drawbacks and limitations of infrared cameras in terms of disturbance to animals, image identification, and scope of application and security of the cameras in the field. Finally, we provide direction for the future establishment of monitoring protocols, data integration and sharing, and improving monitoring efficiency in using camera traps.

Key words: infrared triggered camera, camera trap, wild animal monitoring, biodiversity, population, nature reserve

张履冰, 崔绍朋, 黄元骏, 陈代强, 乔慧捷, 李春旺, 蒋志刚 (2014) 红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制. 生物多样性, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.

Lvbing Zhang, Shaopeng Cui, Yuanjun Huang, Daiqiang Chen, Huijie Qiao, Chunwang Li, Zhigang Jiang (2014) Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights. Biodiversity Science, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I6/696

图/表 6

图1 红外相机监测研究中投入捕获日(a)和抽样面积(b)频度分布图

Fig.1 Frequency plot of trapping days spent in camera-trap researches (a) and sampling area of camera-trap researches (b)

图2 不同植被类型和生境中开展红外相机监测研究的比例

Fig. 2 Efforts of camera-trap researches in vegetation and habitats types. BF, boreal forests; TDB, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests; TM & R, tropical monsoon forests and rain forests; TG, temperate grassland; TD, temperate desert; SE, subtropical evergreen forests; TPA, alpine of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; TCB, temperate coniferous broad-leaved forest

图3 红外相机监测研究的地域差异

Fig. 3 Geographic bias in research contribution of camera traps

图4 国内红外相机监测研究发表论文数量的变化趋势(a)及相应的研究周期(从监测开始到结论发表的时间)(b)。

Fig. 4 Temporal trends in publication number (a) and researching periods of domestic researches (b) about camera traps

图5 不同植被类型的生境内物种多样性监测结果比较

Fig. 5 Species richness in different vegetation and habitat types based on the camera trap monitoring. Abbreviations consulting in Fig. 2.

我国野生动物监测研究中运用红外相机捕获鸟、兽概况

Table S1 Mammal and bird groups captured with infrared-camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring of China http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-225-1.pdf

动物类群 Taxon	种群或多样性研究 Researches on population ecology or biodiversity		行为学研究 Researches on animal behavior
动物类群 Taxon	频数^* Frequency	种类数^* Species number	频数 Frequency		种类数 Species number
哺乳纲 Mammalia
食肉目 Carnivora
犬科 Canidae	8	5
猫科 Felidae	27	7	3		1
鼬科 Mustelidae	46	8
熊猫科和熊科 Ailuropodidae, Ursidae	7	2
灵猫科 Viverridae	18	4
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
鹿科 Cervidae	30	9	1		1
牛科 Bovidae	24	9
猪科 Suidae	16	1
麝科 Moschidae	4	3
骆驼科 Camelidae	1	1	1		1
灵长目 Primates
猴科 Cercopithecidae	8	4
懒猴科 Lorisidae	2	2
啮齿目 Rodentia
松鼠科 Sciuridae	33	9
鼠科 Muridae	14	>4
鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae	2	2
豪猪科 Hystricidae	5	1
兔形目 Lagomorpha
兔科 Leporidae	10	5
鼠兔科 Ochotonidae	1	1
奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
马科 Equidae	1	1
食虫类 Insectivora
鼩鼱科 Soricidae	2	1
猬科 Erinaceidae	3	1
鳞甲目 Pholidota
鲮鲤科 Manidae	1	1
树鼩目 Scandentia
树鼩科 Tupaiidae	1	1
翼手目 Chiroptera
狐蝠科 Pteropodidae			1	2
鸟纲 Aves
雀形目 Passeriformes	151	-
鸡形目 Galliformes	17	-	3	2
鸽形目 Columbiformes	4	-
隼形目 Falconiformes	8	-
鸮形目 Strigiformes	3	-
鴷形目 Coraciiformes	8	-
鸻形目 Charadriiformes	1	-

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