生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225
所属专题: 野生动物的红外相机监测
张履冰1,2, 崔绍朋1,2, 黄元骏1,2, 陈代强1,2, 乔慧捷1, 李春旺1, 蒋志刚1,,A;*()
收稿日期:
2014-10-23
接受日期:
2014-11-23
出版日期:
2014-11-20
发布日期:
2014-12-11
通讯作者:
蒋志刚
基金资助:
Lvbing Zhang1,2, Shaopeng Cui1,2, Yuanjun Huang1,2, Daiqiang Chen1,2, Huijie Qiao1, Chunwang Li1, Zhigang Jiang1,*()
Received:
2014-10-23
Accepted:
2014-11-23
Online:
2014-11-20
Published:
2014-12-11
Contact:
Jiang Zhigang
摘要:
红外相机(camera traps)作为对野生动物进行“非损伤”性采样的技术, 已成为研究动物多样性、种群生态学及行为学的常用手段之一。其发展和普及为中国野生动物多样性和物种保育研究带来了诸多机会。如今, 国内大多数自然保护区都在运用红外相机技术开展物种监测工作。本文结合20年来已发表的相关研究, 从内容、实验设计以及发展趋势方面, 总结了目前红外相机技术在应用过程中出现的共性问题; 并就相机对动物的干扰性、影像识别、研究的适用范围及安全保障四个方面, 对该项技术在实践中存在的限制进行了探讨。最后结合红外相机技术未来的发展方向, 提出了建立技术规范、数据集成和共享、影像数据版权维护、提高监测效率等问题。
张履冰, 崔绍朋, 黄元骏, 陈代强, 乔慧捷, 李春旺, 蒋志刚 (2014) 红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制. 生物多样性, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.
Lvbing Zhang, Shaopeng Cui, Yuanjun Huang, Daiqiang Chen, Huijie Qiao, Chunwang Li, Zhigang Jiang (2014) Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights. Biodiversity Science, 22, 696-703. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14225.
图1 红外相机监测研究中投入捕获日(a)和抽样面积(b)频度分布图
Fig.1 Frequency plot of trapping days spent in camera-trap researches (a) and sampling area of camera-trap researches (b)
图2 不同植被类型和生境中开展红外相机监测研究的比例
Fig. 2 Efforts of camera-trap researches in vegetation and habitats types. BF, boreal forests; TDB, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests; TM & R, tropical monsoon forests and rain forests; TG, temperate grassland; TD, temperate desert; SE, subtropical evergreen forests; TPA, alpine of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; TCB, temperate coniferous broad-leaved forest
图4 国内红外相机监测研究发表论文数量的变化趋势(a)及相应的研究周期(从监测开始到结论发表的时间)(b)。
Fig. 4 Temporal trends in publication number (a) and researching periods of domestic researches (b) about camera traps
图5 不同植被类型的生境内物种多样性监测结果比较
Fig. 5 Species richness in different vegetation and habitat types based on the camera trap monitoring. Abbreviations consulting in Fig. 2.
动物类群 Taxon | 种群或多样性研究 Researches on population ecology or biodiversity | 行为学研究 Researches on animal behavior | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
频数* Frequency | 种类数* Species number | 频数 Frequency | 种类数 Species number | |||
哺乳纲 Mammalia | ||||||
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||
犬科 Canidae | 8 | 5 | ||||
猫科 Felidae | 27 | 7 | 3 | 1 | ||
鼬科 Mustelidae | 46 | 8 | ||||
熊猫科和熊科 Ailuropodidae, Ursidae | 7 | 2 | ||||
灵猫科 Viverridae | 18 | 4 | ||||
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||
鹿科 Cervidae | 30 | 9 | 1 | 1 | ||
牛科 Bovidae | 24 | 9 | ||||
猪科 Suidae | 16 | 1 | ||||
麝科 Moschidae | 4 | 3 | ||||
骆驼科 Camelidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
灵长目 Primates | ||||||
猴科 Cercopithecidae | 8 | 4 | ||||
懒猴科 Lorisidae | 2 | 2 | ||||
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||
松鼠科 Sciuridae | 33 | 9 | ||||
鼠科 Muridae | 14 | >4 | ||||
鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae | 2 | 2 | ||||
豪猪科 Hystricidae | 5 | 1 | ||||
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||
兔科 Leporidae | 10 | 5 | ||||
鼠兔科 Ochotonidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
奇蹄目 Perissodactyla | ||||||
马科 Equidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
食虫类 Insectivora | ||||||
鼩鼱科 Soricidae | 2 | 1 | ||||
猬科 Erinaceidae | 3 | 1 | ||||
鳞甲目 Pholidota | ||||||
鲮鲤科 Manidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
树鼩目 Scandentia | ||||||
树鼩科 Tupaiidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
翼手目 Chiroptera | ||||||
狐蝠科 Pteropodidae | 1 | 2 | ||||
鸟纲 Aves | ||||||
雀形目 Passeriformes | 151 | - | ||||
鸡形目 Galliformes | 17 | - | 3 | 2 | ||
鸽形目 Columbiformes | 4 | - | ||||
隼形目 Falconiformes | 8 | - | ||||
鸮形目 Strigiformes | 3 | - | ||||
鴷形目 Coraciiformes | 8 | - | ||||
鸻形目 Charadriiformes | 1 | - |
我国野生动物监测研究中运用红外相机捕获鸟、兽概况
Table S1 Mammal and bird groups captured with infrared-camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring of China http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-225-1.pdf
动物类群 Taxon | 种群或多样性研究 Researches on population ecology or biodiversity | 行为学研究 Researches on animal behavior | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
频数* Frequency | 种类数* Species number | 频数 Frequency | 种类数 Species number | |||
哺乳纲 Mammalia | ||||||
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||
犬科 Canidae | 8 | 5 | ||||
猫科 Felidae | 27 | 7 | 3 | 1 | ||
鼬科 Mustelidae | 46 | 8 | ||||
熊猫科和熊科 Ailuropodidae, Ursidae | 7 | 2 | ||||
灵猫科 Viverridae | 18 | 4 | ||||
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||
鹿科 Cervidae | 30 | 9 | 1 | 1 | ||
牛科 Bovidae | 24 | 9 | ||||
猪科 Suidae | 16 | 1 | ||||
麝科 Moschidae | 4 | 3 | ||||
骆驼科 Camelidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
灵长目 Primates | ||||||
猴科 Cercopithecidae | 8 | 4 | ||||
懒猴科 Lorisidae | 2 | 2 | ||||
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||
松鼠科 Sciuridae | 33 | 9 | ||||
鼠科 Muridae | 14 | >4 | ||||
鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae | 2 | 2 | ||||
豪猪科 Hystricidae | 5 | 1 | ||||
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||
兔科 Leporidae | 10 | 5 | ||||
鼠兔科 Ochotonidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
奇蹄目 Perissodactyla | ||||||
马科 Equidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
食虫类 Insectivora | ||||||
鼩鼱科 Soricidae | 2 | 1 | ||||
猬科 Erinaceidae | 3 | 1 | ||||
鳞甲目 Pholidota | ||||||
鲮鲤科 Manidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
树鼩目 Scandentia | ||||||
树鼩科 Tupaiidae | 1 | 1 | ||||
翼手目 Chiroptera | ||||||
狐蝠科 Pteropodidae | 1 | 2 | ||||
鸟纲 Aves | ||||||
雀形目 Passeriformes | 151 | - | ||||
鸡形目 Galliformes | 17 | - | 3 | 2 | ||
鸽形目 Columbiformes | 4 | - | ||||
隼形目 Falconiformes | 8 | - | ||||
鸮形目 Strigiformes | 3 | - | ||||
鴷形目 Coraciiformes | 8 | - | ||||
鸻形目 Charadriiformes | 1 | - |
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