西沙群岛礁栖鱼类物种多样性及其食性特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14102

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 618-623. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14102

所属专题：海洋生物多样性

西沙群岛礁栖鱼类物种多样性及其食性特征

高永利¹, 黄晖^1,^2,^*(), 练健生¹, 杨剑辉¹

1 中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室, 广州 510301
2 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南三亚 572000

收稿日期:2014-05-27 接受日期:2014-09-15 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-10-09
通讯作者: 黄晖
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA10020204)、海南省重大项目(ZDZX2013014-3)、国家海洋环境监测中心项目(201305030-3)和NSFC-广东省联合基金(U1033002)

The species diversity and trophic structure of reef fishes in the waters of the Xisha Archipelago

Yongli Gao¹, Hui Huang^1,^2,^*(), Jiansheng Lian¹, Jianhui Yang¹

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301
2 Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000

Received:2014-05-27 Accepted:2014-09-15 Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-10-09
Contact: Huang Hui

1. 附表1 西沙群岛海域鱼类名录.pdf(277KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过新的方法(即潜水调查法)调查了西沙群岛浅水区的礁栖鱼类, 并从食性角度分析鱼类群落特征及其对水质环境变化的响应。2006年5-6月, 对西沙群岛6个岛礁(东岛、永兴岛、羚羊礁、金银岛、华光礁和中建岛)共10个站位的礁栖鱼类种类、数量和长度进行了调查, 结合公开资料(FishBase等)确定鱼类食性。共记录到29科71属119种鱼, 其中50种是新记录。至此, 西沙群岛的鱼类总记录已达到717种。从不同站位来看, 永兴岛西的种类数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均最高。多数鱼种分布范围狭小。摄食浮游动物和底栖无脊椎动物的鱼类是优势类群, 而草食性、杂食性和食物链顶端食性的鱼类数量和生物量较低, 反映出西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统整体上健康稳定。永兴岛的杂食性鱼类的数量比例和生物量比例均高于其他岛礁, 反映出鱼类群落已对水体富营养化产生响应。

关键词: 西沙, 珊瑚礁鱼, 多样性, 营养级, 富营养化

Abstract

The aims of our study were to (1) uncover new reef fish species records using the underwater visual census method; and (2) analyze the fish community structure according to trophic groups and its response to water quality changes. The fishes on six reefs (Yongxing Island, Dongdao Island, Lingyang Atoll, Jinyin Island, Huaguang Atoll, and Zhongjian Island) along the Xisha Archipelago were investigated in May-June, 2006 using underwater visual censuses. The fishes we recorded belong to 29 families, 71 genera and 119 species. The number of newly recorded species was 50. The number of fish species increased to 717 in the Xisha area since the 1950’s. The species number and Shannon-Wiener diversity were both highest on the western reef of Yongxing Island. Most fish species were distributed narrowly in small areas. The dominant assemblages were the planktivores and bottom invertebrate feeders. The rare assemblages were the herbivores, the omnivores, and the top predator, the piscivores. The structure of trophic groups indicated that most coral reef systems were relatively healthy. The percentage of total abundance (and biomass) comprised by omnivores was largest on the western reef of Yongxing Island compared to other reefs, suggesting that the fish community structure had responded to water eutrophication around Yongxing Island.

Key words: Xisha, reef fish, diversity, trophic level, eutrophication

高永利, 黄晖, 练健生, 杨剑辉 (2014) 西沙群岛礁栖鱼类物种多样性及其食性特征. 生物多样性, 22, 618-623. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14102.

Yongli Gao, Hui Huang, Jiansheng Lian, Jianhui Yang (2014) The species diversity and trophic structure of reef fishes in the waters of the Xisha Archipelago. Biodiversity Science, 22, 618-623. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14102.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14102

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I5/618

图/表 5

参考文献 34

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站位 Station	种数 No. of species	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index
1 金银岛北 The north of Jinyin Island	33	2.39
2 金银岛东 The east of Jinyin Island	35	2.35
3 羚羊礁西 The west of Lingyang Atoll	38	2.21
4 羚羊礁南 The south of Lingyang Atoll	42	1.65
5 永兴岛西 The west of Yongxing Island	57	2.86
6 中建岛北 The north of Zhongjian Island	56	2.73
7 中建岛南 The south of Zhongjian Island	32	1.67
8 华光礁北 The north of Huaguang Atoll	37	2.83
9 东岛北 The north of Dongdao Island	21	2.40
10 东岛南 The south of Dongdao Island	26	2.36

站位 Station	种数 No. of species	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index
1 金银岛北 The north of Jinyin Island	33	2.39
2 金银岛东 The east of Jinyin Island	35	2.35
3 羚羊礁西 The west of Lingyang Atoll	38	2.21
4 羚羊礁南 The south of Lingyang Atoll	42	1.65
5 永兴岛西 The west of Yongxing Island	57	2.86
6 中建岛北 The north of Zhongjian Island	56	2.73
7 中建岛南 The south of Zhongjian Island	32	1.67
8 华光礁北 The north of Huaguang Atoll	37	2.83
9 东岛北 The north of Dongdao Island	21	2.40
10 东岛南 The south of Dongdao Island	26	2.36

食性组别 Trophic groups	东岛 Dongdao Island	永兴岛* Yongxing Island	羚羊礁 Lingyang Atoll	金银岛 Jinyin Island	华光礁* Huaguang Atoll	中建岛 Zhongjian Island
数量比例 Abundance percentages (%)
碎屑食性 Detritivores (dt)	7.0±4.1	5.2	2.2±1.2	3.5±0.1	30	12±9.3
植食性 Herbivores (hb)	2.7±3.9	4.1	1.3±0.9	2.1±0.5	7.8	6.5±5.9
无脊椎动物和鱼类食性 Invertebrate feeders and piscivore (ip)	8.2±3.8	5.3	2.6±1.3	9.7±4.9	6.4	6.6±6.0
无脊椎动物食性 Invertebrate feeders (iv)	20±2.6	22	8.6±7.7	13±1.9	34	10±8.4
杂食性 Omnivores (om)	25±19	45	6.7±1.4	3.2±0	1.4	6.7±1.9
鱼类食性 Piscivores (pi)	0±0	0.1	29±40	0.2±0.2	0.0	1.3±0.3
浮游动物食性 Planktivores (pk)	37±21	17	50±28	68±3.6	21	57±32
生物量比例 Biomass percentages (%)
碎屑食性 Detritivores (dt)	29±13	23	6.6±2.1	11±6.4	34	20±12
植食性 Herbivores (hb)	1.8±2.6	9.8	3.5±0.9	1.6±0.2	2.8	6.4±7.2
无脊椎动物和鱼类食性 Invertebrate feeders and piscivore (ip)	24±3.6	17	14±1.5	37±13	9.6	9.0±8.3
无脊椎动物食性 Invertebrate feeders (iv)	23±14	29	24±24	20±0.8	45	15±13
杂食性 Omnivores (om)	7.7±8.0	18	6.4±2.3	3.4±1.0	0.5	3.3±0.7
鱼类食性 Piscivores (pi)	0±0	0	11±12	0.4±0.6	0	4.4±3.4
浮游动物食性 Planktivores (pk)	15±6.2	3.1	35±9.4	26±5.2	7.9	43±43

食性组别 Trophic groups	东岛 Dongdao Island	永兴岛* Yongxing Island	羚羊礁 Lingyang Atoll	金银岛 Jinyin Island	华光礁* Huaguang Atoll	中建岛 Zhongjian Island
数量比例 Abundance percentages (%)
碎屑食性 Detritivores (dt)	7.0±4.1	5.2	2.2±1.2	3.5±0.1	30	12±9.3
植食性 Herbivores (hb)	2.7±3.9	4.1	1.3±0.9	2.1±0.5	7.8	6.5±5.9
无脊椎动物和鱼类食性 Invertebrate feeders and piscivore (ip)	8.2±3.8	5.3	2.6±1.3	9.7±4.9	6.4	6.6±6.0
无脊椎动物食性 Invertebrate feeders (iv)	20±2.6	22	8.6±7.7	13±1.9	34	10±8.4
杂食性 Omnivores (om)	25±19	45	6.7±1.4	3.2±0	1.4	6.7±1.9
鱼类食性 Piscivores (pi)	0±0	0.1	29±40	0.2±0.2	0.0	1.3±0.3
浮游动物食性 Planktivores (pk)	37±21	17	50±28	68±3.6	21	57±32
生物量比例 Biomass percentages (%)
碎屑食性 Detritivores (dt)	29±13	23	6.6±2.1	11±6.4	34	20±12
植食性 Herbivores (hb)	1.8±2.6	9.8	3.5±0.9	1.6±0.2	2.8	6.4±7.2
无脊椎动物和鱼类食性 Invertebrate feeders and piscivore (ip)	24±3.6	17	14±1.5	37±13	9.6	9.0±8.3
无脊椎动物食性 Invertebrate feeders (iv)	23±14	29	24±24	20±0.8	45	15±13
杂食性 Omnivores (om)	7.7±8.0	18	6.4±2.3	3.4±1.0	0.5	3.3±0.7
鱼类食性 Piscivores (pi)	0±0	0	11±12	0.4±0.6	0	4.4±3.4
浮游动物食性 Planktivores (pk)	15±6.2	3.1	35±9.4	26±5.2	7.9	43±43

西沙群岛礁栖鱼类物种多样性及其食性特征

The species diversity and trophic structure of reef fishes in the waters of the Xisha Archipelago

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序号 Numbers	鱼类名称 Latin names^※	同种异名 Synonyms	食性组别 Trophic groups*	参考文献 References^#
	刺尾鱼科 Acanthuridae
	刺尾鱼属 Acanthurus
1	额带刺尾鱼 A. dussumieri			r1
2	黑斑刺尾鱼 A. gahhm			r1
3	日本刺尾鱼 A. japonicus	日本刺尾鲷	hb	r6
4	纵带刺尾鱼 A. lineatus			r1
5	蓝线刺尾鱼 A. mata	金线刺尾鱼 A. bleekeri		r1
6	白面刺尾鱼 A. nigricans			r2
7	双斑刺尾鱼 A. nigrofuscus			r1
8	橙斑刺尾鱼 A. olivaceus		dt	r1
9	黄尾刺尾鱼 A. thompsoni			r1
10	条纹刺尾鱼 A. triostegus		om	r1
11	黄鳍刺尾鱼 A. xanthopterus	黄鳍棘鲷 A. latus		r2
	栉齿刺尾鱼属 Ctenochaetus
12	栉齿刺尾鱼 C. striatus		dt	r1
	鼻鱼属 Naso
13	突角鼻鱼 N. annulatus	剑角鼻鱼 N. herrei		r3
14	粗棘鼻鱼 N. brachycentron			r2
15	短吻鼻鱼 N. brevirostris			r1
16	六棘鼻鱼 N. hexacanthus	小齿双饭盾尾鱼 Callicanthus hexacanthus		r1
17	颊吻鼻鱼 N. lituratus	颊纹双板盾尾鱼 Callicanthus lituratus	hb	r1
18	背斑鼻鱼 N. lopezi	背斑双板盾尾鱼 Callicanthus lopezi		r2
19	单板鼻鱼 N. thynnoides	单板盾尾鱼 Axinurus thynnoides		r1
20	长吻鼻鱼 N. unicornis		hb	r1
21	丝尾鼻鱼 N. vlamingii	N. vlamingi		r1
	多板盾尾鱼属 Prionurus
22	多板盾尾鱼 P. scalprum	P. scalprus		r1
	高鳍刺尾鱼属 Zebrasoma
23	黄高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. flavescens			r1
24	小高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. scopas		hb	r6
25	高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. velifer	Z. veliferum	hb	r1
	帆蜥鱼科 Alepisauridae
	帆蜥鱼属 Alepisaurus
26	帆蜥鱼 A. ferox			r1
	长尾鲨科 Alopiidae
	长尾鲨属 Alopias
27	狐形长尾鲨 A. vulpinus			r1
	躄鱼科 Antennaridae
	手躄鱼属 Antennatus
28	驼背躄鱼 A. dorehensis	Antennarius dorehensis		r1

序号 Numbers	鱼类名称 Latin names^※	同种异名 Synonyms	食性组别 Trophic groups*	参考文献 References^#
	刺尾鱼科 Acanthuridae
	刺尾鱼属 Acanthurus
1	额带刺尾鱼 A. dussumieri			r1
2	黑斑刺尾鱼 A. gahhm			r1
3	日本刺尾鱼 A. japonicus	日本刺尾鲷	hb	r6
4	纵带刺尾鱼 A. lineatus			r1
5	蓝线刺尾鱼 A. mata	金线刺尾鱼 A. bleekeri		r1
6	白面刺尾鱼 A. nigricans			r2
7	双斑刺尾鱼 A. nigrofuscus			r1
8	橙斑刺尾鱼 A. olivaceus		dt	r1
9	黄尾刺尾鱼 A. thompsoni			r1
10	条纹刺尾鱼 A. triostegus		om	r1
11	黄鳍刺尾鱼 A. xanthopterus	黄鳍棘鲷 A. latus		r2
	栉齿刺尾鱼属 Ctenochaetus
12	栉齿刺尾鱼 C. striatus		dt	r1
	鼻鱼属 Naso
13	突角鼻鱼 N. annulatus	剑角鼻鱼 N. herrei		r3
14	粗棘鼻鱼 N. brachycentron			r2
15	短吻鼻鱼 N. brevirostris			r1
16	六棘鼻鱼 N. hexacanthus	小齿双饭盾尾鱼 Callicanthus hexacanthus		r1
17	颊吻鼻鱼 N. lituratus	颊纹双板盾尾鱼 Callicanthus lituratus	hb	r1
18	背斑鼻鱼 N. lopezi	背斑双板盾尾鱼 Callicanthus lopezi		r2
19	单板鼻鱼 N. thynnoides	单板盾尾鱼 Axinurus thynnoides		r1
20	长吻鼻鱼 N. unicornis		hb	r1
21	丝尾鼻鱼 N. vlamingii	N. vlamingi		r1
	多板盾尾鱼属 Prionurus
22	多板盾尾鱼 P. scalprum	P. scalprus		r1
	高鳍刺尾鱼属 Zebrasoma
23	黄高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. flavescens			r1
24	小高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. scopas		hb	r6
25	高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. velifer	Z. veliferum	hb	r1
	帆蜥鱼科 Alepisauridae
	帆蜥鱼属 Alepisaurus
26	帆蜥鱼 A. ferox			r1
	长尾鲨科 Alopiidae
	长尾鲨属 Alopias
27	狐形长尾鲨 A. vulpinus			r1
	躄鱼科 Antennaridae
	手躄鱼属 Antennatus
28	驼背躄鱼 A. dorehensis	Antennarius dorehensis		r1