紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2014.13217

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响

华萃¹, 吴鹏飞^1,,A;^*(), 何先进¹, 朱波²

1.西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院, 成都 610041
2 .中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 山地环境演变与调控重点实验室, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2013-10-09 接受日期:2014-03-18 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-06-04
通讯作者: 吴鹏飞
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41371270、40801092)、四川省青年基金(2012JQ0030)、西南民族大学研究生创新项目(CX2013SZ49)和中央高校优秀团队及重大孵化项目(2014NZYTD01)

Effects of different amounts of straw returning treatments on soil nematode community in purple soil

Cui Hua¹, Pengfei Wu^1,^*(), Xianjin He¹, Bo Zhu²

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041

Received:2013-10-09 Accepted:2014-03-18 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-06-04
Contact: Wu Pengfei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究不同秸秆还田量对紫色土区土壤线虫群落的影响, 作者于2011年5月和9月对川中丘陵区的100% (RMW1)、50%(RMW2)、30%(RMW3)和空白对照(CK)4种秸秆还田量的农田土壤线虫进行了调查。结果发现, 随着秸秆还田量的下降, 土壤线虫的群落结构有一定变化。总体上, 群落密度、食真菌类群和捕食-杂食类群的密度呈波动增加; 食细菌类群的密度持续增加; 植物寄生类群密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、植物寄生成熟指数(PPI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)呈先增加后下降的变化趋势, 且多样性指数在秸秆还田量为30-50%之间最高; 类群数、自由生活成熟指数(MI)、线虫通路比值(CR)则先下降后增加; 所有变化均不显著(P > 0.05)。土壤速效钾含量随秸秆还田量的增加显著提高(P < 0.05), 且与线虫群落多样性指数呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 在紫色土区秸秆还田主要是通过改变土壤钾含量对土壤线虫群落产生影响, 且秸秆还田量在30-50%之间时有利于维持线虫群落多样性。

关键词: 秸秆还田量, 土壤线虫, 多样性, 群落结构, 营养类群

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of 4 years of straw returning (2007-2011) on the nematode communities of the purple soil area in the hilly areas of central Sichuan basin, China, using the four treatments of 100, 50, 30, and 0% of straw returned to cropland. The Baermann method was used to extract nematodes from soil samples (0-15 cm). A total of 2,380 individuals, belonging to 2 classes, 8 orders, 24 families, and 39 genera, were extracted. The dominant genera included Tylencholaimus and Prionchulus, comprising 31% of total soil nematode individuals. Our results showed that soil nematode communities differed among the four treatments. Densities of the total nematode community, and fungivores and predators-omnivores specifically exhibited greater fluctuations with reducing straw return levels, while densities of bacterivores increased with reducing straw levels. Plant-parasite density, diversity index(H'), plant-parasite index (PPI) and Wasilewska index (WI) first increased and then decreased with reduction of straw return, while genera number, free-living nematode maturity index (MI) and channel ratio (CR) presented the opposite trend. Nematode diversity index (H') was highest at 30-50% straw return levels. But there were no significant differences among treatments for all of the indexes. The content of soil available potassium, which significantly increased at the lower levels of straw return, was significantly correlated with diversity indices of nematode communities. Our results suggested that straw return management changes the nematode community through its action on the content of soil available potassium, and that level of 30-50% of straw returning were optimal in the hilly areas of central Sichuan basin in terms of maximizing nematode diversity.

Key words: amounts of straw returning, soil nematode, diversity, community structure, trophic groups

华萃, 吴鹏飞, 何先进, 朱波 (2014) 紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217.

Cui Hua, Pengfei Wu, Xianjin He, Bo Zhu (2014) Effects of different amounts of straw returning treatments on soil nematode community in purple soil. Biodiversity Science, 22, 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I3/392

图/表 8

参考文献 27

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项目 Item	有机质 Soil organic material (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	pH
RMW1	14.52±0.43^a	1.01±0.04^a	12.25±0.25^a	144.50±8.86^a	8.31±0.09^a
RMW2	13.07±0.85^a	0.87±0.03^b	10.75±0.63^a	126.75±2.10^a	8.42±0.06^a
RMW3	12.68±0.20^a	0.89±0.00^b	10.00±0.41^a	104.75±5.88^ab	8.26±0.06^a
CK	12.10±0.73^a	0.87±0.04^b	11.00±0.71^a	106.50±1.19^b	8.34±0.05^a
F	2.87	4.02	3.11	11.89	1.10
P	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	<0.01	>0.05

项目 Item	有机质 Soil organic material (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	pH
RMW1	14.52±0.43^a	1.01±0.04^a	12.25±0.25^a	144.50±8.86^a	8.31±0.09^a
RMW2	13.07±0.85^a	0.87±0.03^b	10.75±0.63^a	126.75±2.10^a	8.42±0.06^a
RMW3	12.68±0.20^a	0.89±0.00^b	10.00±0.41^a	104.75±5.88^ab	8.26±0.06^a
CK	12.10±0.73^a	0.87±0.04^b	11.00±0.71^a	106.50±1.19^b	8.34±0.05^a
F	2.87	4.02	3.11	11.89	1.10
P	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	<0.01	>0.05

类群 Group	RMW1	RMW2	RMW3	CK	合计 Total	营养类群 Trophic group
矛线目 Dorylaimida
垫咽属 Tylencholaimus	95	141	92	147	475	Fu₄
大矛属 Enchodelus	16	15	34	37	102	PO₄
剑属 Xiphinema	25	40	26	27	118	Pl₄
短体长针属 Longidorella	18	18	16	20	72	Pl₄
长针属 Longidorus	0	12	0	5	17	Pl₄
矛线属 Dorylaimus	30	39	22	21	112	PO₄
中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus	0	0	1	4	5	PO₄
无咽属 Alaimus	1	24	19	2	46	Ba₄
穿咽属 Nygolaimus	5	0	0	14	19	PO₅
小计 Total	190	289	210	277	966
单齿目 Mononchida
锯齿属 Prionchulus	87	54	20	104	265	PO₄
锉齿属 Mylonchulus	30	58	33	67	188	PO₄
基齿属 Iotonchus	3	6	8	15	32	PO₄
单齿属 Mononchus	0	0	0	1	1	PO₄
小计 Total	120	118	61	187	486
窄咽目 Araeolaimida
柱咽属 Cylindrolaimus	20	17	18	19	74	Ba₃
管咽属 Aulolaimus	0	0	0	25	25	Ba₃
巴氏属 Bastiania	10	22	21	32	85	Ba₃
绕线属 Plectus	15	0	0	4	19	Ba₂
杆咽属 Rhabdolaimus	0	2	4	1	7	Ba₃
小计 Total	45	41	43	81	210
嘴刺目 Enoplida
托布利属 Tobrilus	0	74	29	13	116	PO₃
三孔属 Tripyla	0	0	0	1	1	PO₃
小计 Total	0	74	29	14	117
色矛目 Chromadorida
异色矛属 Achromadora	3	0	7	3	13	PO₃
色矛属 Chromadorita	0	0	0	2	2	PO₃
小计 Total	3	0	7	5	15
单宫目 Monhysterida
单宫属 Monhystera	0	0	0	11	11	Ba₁
小计 Total	0	0	0	11	11
小杆目 Rhabditida
原杆属 Protorhabditis	17	67	79	62	225	Ba₁
明杆属 Rhabditophanes	18	9	6	14	47	Ba₁
小杆属 Rhabditis	0	0	1	0	1	Ba₁
齿咽属 Odontopharynx	21	13	0	31	65	Ba₁
后双胃属 Metadiplogaster	0	0	0	4	4	Ba₁
伪杆咽属 Rhabdontolaimus	0	0	0	3	3	Ba₁
头叶属 Cephalobus	9	3	19	2	33	Ba₂
鹿角唇属 Cervidellus	0	4	5	0	9	Ba₂
伪双胃属 Pseudodiplogasteroide	0	1	1	4	6	Ba₁
盆咽属 Panagrolaimus	2	0	0	1	3	Ba₁
小计 Total	67	97	111	121	396
垫刃目 Tylenchida
短体属 Pratylenchus	23	28	47	7	105	Pl₃
根潜属 Hirschmanniella	2	0	0	0	2	Pl₃
针属 Paratylenchus	10	10	31	7	58	Pl₂
伪垫刃属 Nothotylenchus	0	0	0	9	9	Fu₂
刺属 Belonolaimus	0	2	0	2	4	Pl₃
柄端球属 Paurodontus	0	0	0	1	1	Fu₂
小计 Total	35	40	78	26	179
总个体数 Total individuals	460	659	539	722	2,380
总类群数 Total group number	22	23	23	36	39

类群 Group	RMW1	RMW2	RMW3	CK	合计 Total	营养类群 Trophic group
矛线目 Dorylaimida
垫咽属 Tylencholaimus	95	141	92	147	475	Fu₄
大矛属 Enchodelus	16	15	34	37	102	PO₄
剑属 Xiphinema	25	40	26	27	118	Pl₄
短体长针属 Longidorella	18	18	16	20	72	Pl₄
长针属 Longidorus	0	12	0	5	17	Pl₄
矛线属 Dorylaimus	30	39	22	21	112	PO₄
中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus	0	0	1	4	5	PO₄
无咽属 Alaimus	1	24	19	2	46	Ba₄
穿咽属 Nygolaimus	5	0	0	14	19	PO₅
小计 Total	190	289	210	277	966
单齿目 Mononchida
锯齿属 Prionchulus	87	54	20	104	265	PO₄
锉齿属 Mylonchulus	30	58	33	67	188	PO₄
基齿属 Iotonchus	3	6	8	15	32	PO₄
单齿属 Mononchus	0	0	0	1	1	PO₄
小计 Total	120	118	61	187	486
窄咽目 Araeolaimida
柱咽属 Cylindrolaimus	20	17	18	19	74	Ba₃
管咽属 Aulolaimus	0	0	0	25	25	Ba₃
巴氏属 Bastiania	10	22	21	32	85	Ba₃
绕线属 Plectus	15	0	0	4	19	Ba₂
杆咽属 Rhabdolaimus	0	2	4	1	7	Ba₃
小计 Total	45	41	43	81	210
嘴刺目 Enoplida
托布利属 Tobrilus	0	74	29	13	116	PO₃
三孔属 Tripyla	0	0	0	1	1	PO₃
小计 Total	0	74	29	14	117
色矛目 Chromadorida
异色矛属 Achromadora	3	0	7	3	13	PO₃
色矛属 Chromadorita	0	0	0	2	2	PO₃
小计 Total	3	0	7	5	15
单宫目 Monhysterida
单宫属 Monhystera	0	0	0	11	11	Ba₁
小计 Total	0	0	0	11	11
小杆目 Rhabditida
原杆属 Protorhabditis	17	67	79	62	225	Ba₁
明杆属 Rhabditophanes	18	9	6	14	47	Ba₁
小杆属 Rhabditis	0	0	1	0	1	Ba₁
齿咽属 Odontopharynx	21	13	0	31	65	Ba₁
后双胃属 Metadiplogaster	0	0	0	4	4	Ba₁
伪杆咽属 Rhabdontolaimus	0	0	0	3	3	Ba₁
头叶属 Cephalobus	9	3	19	2	33	Ba₂
鹿角唇属 Cervidellus	0	4	5	0	9	Ba₂
伪双胃属 Pseudodiplogasteroide	0	1	1	4	6	Ba₁
盆咽属 Panagrolaimus	2	0	0	1	3	Ba₁
小计 Total	67	97	111	121	396
垫刃目 Tylenchida
短体属 Pratylenchus	23	28	47	7	105	Pl₃
根潜属 Hirschmanniella	2	0	0	0	2	Pl₃
针属 Paratylenchus	10	10	31	7	58	Pl₂
伪垫刃属 Nothotylenchus	0	0	0	9	9	Fu₂
刺属 Belonolaimus	0	2	0	2	4	Pl₃
柄端球属 Paurodontus	0	0	0	1	1	Fu₂
小计 Total	35	40	78	26	179
总个体数 Total individuals	460	659	539	722	2,380
总类群数 Total group number	22	23	23	36	39

项目 Item	线虫群落 Community		食细菌类群Bacterivores		食真菌类群Fungivores		植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites		捕食-杂食类群Predators-Omnivores
项目 Item	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
月份 Month	1.86	0.20	0.67	0.43	11.39	0.01	0.25	0.63	0.01	0.97
处理 Treatment	0.56	0.65	0.55	0.66	0.16	0.92	1.63	0.24	0.70	0.57
月份×处理 Month×Treatment	0.43	0.74	0.64	0.60	0.67	0.59	0.20	0.90	0.32	0.81

紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响

Effects of different amounts of straw returning treatments on soil nematode community in purple soil

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项目 Item	类群数 Group number		Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')			自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI)			植物寄生成熟指数 Plant-parasite Index (PPI)			线虫通路比值 Channel ratio (CR)			瓦斯乐斯卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI)
项目 Item	F	P		F	P		F	P		F	P		F	P	F	P
月份 Month	0.49	0.50	3.40		0.09	6.89		0.02	1.57		0.23	6.60		0.02	3.49	0.09
处理 Treatment	2.19	0.14	0.99		0.43	3.23		0.06	3.43		0.05	0.84		0.50	0.41	0.75
月份×处理 Month×Treatment	0.86	0.49	0.91		0.46	2.75		0.09	1.25		0.34	0.91		0.47	1.81	0.20

项目 Item	有机质 Soil organic matter	全氮 Total N	有效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	pH
PC1得分 PC1 scores	-0.10	-0.23	-0.55^*	-0.38	-0.30
PC2得分 PC2 scores	0.09	0.02	0.39	0.01	-0.33
总密度 Total density	-0.18	-0.26	-0.51^*	-0.21	-0.20
食细菌类群 Bacterivores	-0.41	-0.36	-0.53^*	-0.43	-0.28
食真菌类群 Fungivores	-0.01	-0.16	-0.41	-0.17	-0.22
植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites	0.04	-0.02	-0.51^*	-0.21	-0.30
捕食-杂食类群 Predators-Omnivores	-0.05	-0.25	-0.21	-0.04	0.00
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')	-0.40	-0.42	-0.32	-0.57^*	-0.37
类群数 Group number	-0.31	-0.14	-0.19	-0.52^*	-0.30
自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI)	0.06	0.23	0.03	0.09	0.11
植物寄生成熟指数 Plant-parasite index (PPI)	0.24	0.01	-0.04	0.10	-0.12
线虫通路比值 Channel ratio (CR)	-0.37	-0.25	0.01	-0.26	-0.21
瓦斯乐斯卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI)	-0.39	-0.43	0.12	-0.31	-0.17

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