生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 22213. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022213
武英达1,2, 满孝武1, 员瑗1,*(), 戴玉成1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-04-21
接受日期:
2022-05-23
出版日期:
2022-07-20
发布日期:
2022-06-21
通讯作者:
员瑗,戴玉成
作者简介:
yuchengdai@bjfu.edu.cn基金资助:
Yingda Wu1,2, Xiaowu Man1, Yuan Yuan1,*(), Yucheng Dai1,*()
Received:
2022-04-21
Accepted:
2022-05-23
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-06-21
Contact:
Yuan Yuan,Yucheng Dai
摘要:
多孔菌是木材腐朽菌中最关键的真菌类群, 是森林生态系统的重要组成部分。为了明确植物园对植物上真菌资源的保护状况, 在2010-2021年间, 作者对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的31个代表性植物园中木本植物上的多孔菌进行了系统调查、标本采集和种类鉴定, 记录多孔菌164种, 隶属于担子菌门伞菌纲6目23科79属。其中, 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园、儋州热带植物园和广西药用植物园多孔菌种类最多, 分别有90种、46种和37种; 兰州植物园、西宁植物园和乌鲁木齐植物园物种数量最少, 分别有4种、3种和2种。在植物园中, 分布最多的物种是云芝栓孔菌(Trametes versicolor)、白囊耙齿菌(Irpex lacteus)和黑管孔菌(Bjerkandera adusta), 分别生长在24、18和18个植物园中, 而软多孢孔菌(Abundisporus mollissimus)等32种多孔菌只发现于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园中。在164种多孔菌中, 常见种、偶见种和稀有种分别有114、40和10种。生长在植物园中的多孔菌仅占全国所有森林生态系统多孔菌总数的16%, 而植物园中发现的稀有种仅占全国稀有种总数的3.1%。在10种稀有多孔菌中, 有6种发现于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园的天然林中, 其中4种稀有多孔菌发现于植物园内的人工林中, 占植物园所有多孔菌的2.4%, 占全国稀有多孔菌的1.3%。所调查植物园多孔菌包括了热带、亚热带、温带、北半球广布和寒温带成分, 分别包括50、45、38、20和11种, 占本研究多孔菌总数的30.5%、27.4%、23.2%、12.2%和6.7%。目前中国植物园保存了我国60%的植物种类, 包括85%的珍稀濒危植物, 但对生长在植物园中的多孔菌资源保护作用有限。因此, 对稀有多孔菌的保育仍需聚焦在森林生态系统的保护上。
武英达, 满孝武, 员瑗, 戴玉成 (2022) 中国各省植物园中多孔菌种类、分布和组成. 生物多样性, 30, 22213. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022213.
Yingda Wu, Xiaowu Man, Yuan Yuan, Yucheng Dai (2022) Species diversity, distribution and composition of polypores occurring in botanical gardens in China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22213. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022213.
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