生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 22240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022240
沈梅1, 郭宁宁1, 罗遵兰1, 郭晓晨2, 孙光1, 肖能文1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-04-30
接受日期:
2022-05-26
出版日期:
2022-07-20
发布日期:
2022-06-24
通讯作者:
肖能文
作者简介:
*E-mail: xiaonw@163.com基金资助:
Mei Shen1, Ningning Guo1, Zunlan Luo1, Xiaochen Guo2, Guang Sun1, Nengwen Xiao1,*()
Received:
2022-04-30
Accepted:
2022-05-26
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-06-24
Contact:
Nengwen Xiao
摘要:
使用eDNA宏条形码(eDNA metabarcoding)和地笼法检测了北京市3条水系在夏季和秋季两个季节的鱼类多样性, 旨在研究北京市鱼类群落的空间格局特征, 探索适用于北京鱼类生物多样性监测及保护的新方法。结果表明: 在北京市的34个采样点中, 利用eDNA metabarcoding共检测出鱼类55种, 显著高于传统方法所捕获的鱼类种数(35种), 鱼类组成以鲤形目和鲈形目为主。山区河流清水鱼的多样性要显著高于城区河流, 城区河流(北运河水系)群落结构较为单一, 以鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)等耐污种为优势种; 山区河流(潮白河水系及大清河水系)以宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、拉氏鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys uncirostris)等为优势种。不同季节影响清水鱼群落结构的环境因子不同, 夏季主要是总溶解固体和电导率, 秋季主要是海拔和温度。清水鱼丰富度与环境因子及人类活动的相关性表明, 清水鱼的丰富度随着总溶解固体及灯光指数增加而显著降低, 且均与海拔、温度等存在显著相关性。本研究证明了eDNA metabarcoding方法用于监测北京市鱼类多样性及其时空分布的可行性。
沈梅, 郭宁宁, 罗遵兰, 郭晓晨, 孙光, 肖能文 (2022) 基于eDNA metabarcoding探究北京市主要河流鱼类分布及影响因素. 生物多样性, 30, 22240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022240.
Mei Shen, Ningning Guo, Zunlan Luo, Xiaochen Guo, Guang Sun, Nengwen Xiao (2022) Explore the distribution and influencing factors of fish in major rivers in Beijing with eDNA metabarcoding technology. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022240.
图2 eDNA metabarcoding识别鱼类物种在目和科分类学水平上的数量及所占比例
Fig. 2 Number and proportion of fish species identified by eDNA metabarcoding at the taxonomic level of order and family
图3 3条水系在秋、夏季节鱼类群落组成分布。红色圆点表示北运河水系; 绿色圆点表示潮白河水系; 蓝色圆点表示大清河水系。
Fig. 3 Distribution of fish communities in the three river systems during the autumn and summer. Red dots represent Beiyun River System; Green dots represent Chaobai River System; Blue dots represent Daqing River System.
北运河水系 Beiyun River System | 潮白河水系 Chaobai River System | 大清河水系 Daqing River System | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) | 物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) | 物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.5175 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.2556 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 0.1517 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 0.0888 | 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 0.1031 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.1475 |
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis | 0.0453 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 0.0807 | 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 0.0968 |
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | 0.0448 | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 0.0474 | 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis | 0.0540 |
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus | 0.0345 | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | 0.0350 | 马口鱼 Opsariichthys uncirostris | 0.0408 |
? Hemiculter leucisculus | 0.0205 | 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 0.0242 | 华鳈 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis | 0.0406 |
- | - | - | - | 褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus | 0.0400 |
- | - | - | - | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | 0.0376 |
- | - | - | - | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 0.0340 |
- | - | - | - | 北鳅 Lefua costata | 0.0241 |
- | - | - | - | 鲤 Cyprinus carpio | 0.0233 |
表1 3条水系鱼类群落优势种的优势度指数
Table 1 Dominance index of dominant species in three river systems
北运河水系 Beiyun River System | 潮白河水系 Chaobai River System | 大清河水系 Daqing River System | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) | 物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) | 物种 Species | 优势度指数 Dominance index (Y) |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.5175 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.2556 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 0.1517 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 0.0888 | 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 0.1031 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 0.1475 |
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis | 0.0453 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 0.0807 | 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 0.0968 |
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | 0.0448 | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 0.0474 | 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis | 0.0540 |
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus | 0.0345 | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | 0.0350 | 马口鱼 Opsariichthys uncirostris | 0.0408 |
? Hemiculter leucisculus | 0.0205 | 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 0.0242 | 华鳈 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis | 0.0406 |
- | - | - | - | 褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus | 0.0400 |
- | - | - | - | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | 0.0376 |
- | - | - | - | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 0.0340 |
- | - | - | - | 北鳅 Lefua costata | 0.0241 |
- | - | - | - | 鲤 Cyprinus carpio | 0.0233 |
物种 Species | 样点数 Number of detected site | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
北运河水系 Beiyun River System | 潮白河水系 Chaobai River System | 大清河水系 Daqing River System | 总计 Total | |
北方须鳅 Barbatula nuda | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
华鰁 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis | 4 | 5 | 4 | 13 |
黄尾鲴 Xenocypris davidi | 6 | 11 | 4 | 21 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 7 | 9 | 6 | 22 |
拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 9 | 9 | 6 | 24 |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys uncirostris | 10 | 9 | 5 | 24 |
北鳅 Lefua costata | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
鳜 Siniperca chuatsi | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
细鳞鲑 Brachymystax lenok | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
表2 清水鱼在3条水系的检测的样点数情况
Table 2 Number of detected site of clearwater fish in each river system
物种 Species | 样点数 Number of detected site | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
北运河水系 Beiyun River System | 潮白河水系 Chaobai River System | 大清河水系 Daqing River System | 总计 Total | |
北方须鳅 Barbatula nuda | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
华鰁 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis | 4 | 5 | 4 | 13 |
黄尾鲴 Xenocypris davidi | 6 | 11 | 4 | 21 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 7 | 9 | 6 | 22 |
拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 9 | 9 | 6 | 24 |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys uncirostris | 10 | 9 | 5 | 24 |
北鳅 Lefua costata | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
鳜 Siniperca chuatsi | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
细鳞鲑 Brachymystax lenok | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
图6 冗余分析(RDA)探究清水鱼群落结构与测量环境变量之间的关系。DO: 溶解氧; TDS: 总溶解固体; T: 温度; H: 海拔; EC: 电导率。黄色圆点表示北运河水系; 绿色圆点表示潮白河水系; 蓝色圆点表示大清河水系。
Fig. 6 RDA exploring the relationship between community structure and measured environmental variables. DO, Dissolved oxygen; TDS, Total dissolved solids; T, Temperature; H, Height; EC, Electrical conductivity。Yellow dots represent Beiyun River System; Green dots represent Chaobai River System; Blue dots represent Daqing River System.
图7 清水鱼丰富度与环境因子及灯光指数的相关性。H: 海拔; pH: 酸碱度; T: 温度;DO: 溶解氧; TDS: 总溶解固体; EC: 电导率; NL: 夜间灯光; a: 秋季; b: 夏季。
Fig. 7 Correlation of clearwater fish abundance with environmental factors and lighting indices. H, Height; pH, Potential of hydrogen; T, Temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TDS, Total dissolved solids; EC, Electrical conductivity; NL, Night light; a, Autumn; b, Summer.
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