生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 22240.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022240

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于eDNA metabarcoding探究北京市主要河流鱼类分布及影响因素

沈梅1, 郭宁宁1, 罗遵兰1, 郭晓晨2, 孙光1, 肖能文1,*()   

  1. 1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
    2.山西农业大学林学院, 山西晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-30 接受日期:2022-05-26 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 肖能文
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: xiaonw@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    巢湖生物资源调查及生态修复示范工程(2021BFFBZ01571-003-04)

Explore the distribution and influencing factors of fish in major rivers in Beijing with eDNA metabarcoding technology

Mei Shen1, Ningning Guo1, Zunlan Luo1, Xiaochen Guo2, Guang Sun1, Nengwen Xiao1,*()   

  1. 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
    2. College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801
  • Received:2022-04-30 Accepted:2022-05-26 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-06-24
  • Contact: Nengwen Xiao

摘要:

使用eDNA宏条形码(eDNA metabarcoding)和地笼法检测了北京市3条水系在夏季和秋季两个季节的鱼类多样性, 旨在研究北京市鱼类群落的空间格局特征, 探索适用于北京鱼类生物多样性监测及保护的新方法。结果表明: 在北京市的34个采样点中, 利用eDNA metabarcoding共检测出鱼类55种, 显著高于传统方法所捕获的鱼类种数(35种), 鱼类组成以鲤形目和鲈形目为主。山区河流清水鱼的多样性要显著高于城区河流, 城区河流(北运河水系)群落结构较为单一, 以鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)等耐污种为优势种; 山区河流(潮白河水系及大清河水系)以宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、拉氏鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys uncirostris)等为优势种。不同季节影响清水鱼群落结构的环境因子不同, 夏季主要是总溶解固体和电导率, 秋季主要是海拔和温度。清水鱼丰富度与环境因子及人类活动的相关性表明, 清水鱼的丰富度随着总溶解固体及灯光指数增加而显著降低, 且均与海拔、温度等存在显著相关性。本研究证明了eDNA metabarcoding方法用于监测北京市鱼类多样性及其时空分布的可行性。

关键词: eDNA宏条形码, 鱼类群落, 清水鱼, 生物多样性, 河流

Abstract

Aims: We used eDNA metabarcoding to detect fish diversity in three river systems of Beijing during summer and autumn. The aim of this study is to explore new methods applicable to monitor and protect fish diversity and study the spatio-temporal patterns of fish community in Beijing.
Methods: A total of 34 sites were surveyed simultaneously using the eDNA metabarcoding and ground cage methods. The main processes of the eDNA method are water sample collection and enrichment, DNA extraction with DNeasy Tissue and Blood DNA, PCR amplification with prism of MiFish-U, high-throughput sequencing by Illumina Miseq and bioinformatics analysis. The data of eDNA metabarcoding, environmental factors and human activity were used for statistical analysis between fish communities and influencing factors. The main processes of the ground cage with three replications were placed at each site waiting 24 h to be collected for species identification, and the species with number were recorded for subsequent analysis.
Results: The result showed that 55 fish species were detected by eDNA metabarcoding was higher than that captured by the ground cage (35 species). The fish community composition was dominated by Cypriniformes and Perciformes. The diversity of clearwater fish in mountain rivers is significantly higher than urban rivers. Urban rivers (the Beiyun River System) were dominated by pollution-tolerant species such as Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, with a relatively homogeneous community structure. Mountain rivers (Chaobai River System and Daqing River System) are dominated by Zacco platypus, Rhynchocypris lagowskii and Opsariichthys uncirostris. The community structure of clearwater fish was affected by electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in summer but by altitude and temperature in autumn. The correlation between the abundance of clearwater fish with environmental factors and human activities showed that the abundance of clearwater fish decreased significantly with the increase by turbidity of water and human activities, and was significant correlation with altitude and temperature.
Conclusion: The study used eDNA metabarcoding to show the diversity and spatio-temporal patterns of major rivers in Beijing, with a focus on the distribution of clearwater fish. The results demonstrate the feasibility of eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring fish diversity and spatial-temporal distribution in Beijing.

Key words: eDNA metabarcoding, fish community, clearwater fish, biodiversity, river