南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性与生物量和生产力的关联及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2021014

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1435-1446. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021014

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇

南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性与生物量和生产力的关联及其影响因素

朱杰¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 吴安驰¹^,², 邹顺⁶, 熊鑫¹, 刘世忠¹, 褚国伟¹, 张倩媚¹, 刘菊秀¹, 唐旭利¹, 闫俊华¹, 张德强¹, 周国逸⁷^,^*()

1.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
3.广东省国土资源测绘院, 广州 510663
4.自然资源部华南热带亚热带自然资源重点实验室, 广州 510663
5.广东省自然资源科技协同创新中心, 广州 510663
6.贵州工程应用技术学院, 贵阳 551700
7.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院, 南京 210044

收稿日期:2021-01-12 接受日期:2021-10-25 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-11-23
通讯作者: 周国逸
作者简介:*E-mail: gyzhou@scib.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42130506);国家自然科学基金(42071031);广东省科技计划项目(2018B020207002);广东省林业科技创新平台项目(2020-KYXM-09)

Relationships between tree diversity and biomass/productivity and their influence factors in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Jie Zhu¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, Anchi Wu¹^,², Shun Zou⁶, Xin Xiong¹, Shizhong Liu¹, Guowei Chu¹, Qianmei Zhang¹, Juxiu Liu¹, Xuli Tang¹, Junhua Yan¹, Deqiang Zhang¹, Guoyi Zhou⁷^,^*()

1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049
3 Surveying and Mapping Institute Lands and Resource Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510663
4 Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510663
5 Guangdong Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center for Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510663
6 Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Guiyang, 551700
7 School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

Received:2021-01-12 Accepted:2021-10-25 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-11-23
Contact: Guoyi Zhou

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性和生态系统功能的关系直接或间接地影响着生产力, 是生态学研究的关键问题。本研究旨在定量探讨亚热带自然林演替后期森林生态系统树木多样性与生物量或生产力的关系。本研究基于中国南亚热带长期永久性样地的群落调查数据以及地形和土壤养分数据, 分析了南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性与生物量和生产力的关联及其影响因素。相关性分析结果表明, 物种多样性与生物量呈显著负相关, 与生产力呈显著正相关; 结构多样性与生物量呈显著正相关, 与生产力呈显著负相关。此外, 不同环境因子对多样性、生物量和生产力的影响具有显著差异, 其中土壤含水量对生产力有显著影响, 物种多样性指标与部分地形和土壤因子均有相关性, 而群落结构多样性指标与土壤因子的相关性更强。方差分解结果表明, 结构多样性对生物量和生产力的单独效应的解释率最大, 分别为35.39%和5.21%; 其次是结构多样性和物种多样性的共同效应, 对生物量和生产力的解释率分别为13.66%和3.53%; 地形和土壤因子的解释率较小。同时, 结构方程结果也表明, 结构多样性对生物量有较强的直接正影响; 生物量对生产力有强烈的直接负影响, 结构多样性通过增加生物量明显地减少了生产力; 土壤和地形因子主要是通过物种和结构多样性间接影响生物量和生产力。综上, 本研究认为在南亚热带森林演替顶极群落中, 群落结构复杂性和物种多样性的提高对促进群落生产力和生物量具有重要作用。

关键词: 生物量, 生产力, 土壤养分, 物种多样性, 结构多样性, 地形

Abstract

Aim The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function contribute to productivity, both directly and indirectly. Therefore, it is a critical issue of ecology. The aim of this study is to quantitatively explore the relationship between tree diversity and biomass or productivity of subtropical natural forest ecosystems in late successional stages.
Methods Based on long-term community surveys of topographies and soil nutrients from permanent forest ecosystems in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, we analyzed the relationship between tree diversity and productivity/biomass and their influencing factors. In this analysis, the correlations between tree diversity and each factor were evaluated using a Pearson correlation analysis. The single and shared effects of each factor were quantified by variance partitioning analysis (VPA). In addition, the relationships between soil nutrients and topographies and their effects on productivity and biomass were further evaluated, either directly or indirectly, through species and structural diversity by using a structural equation model (SEM).
Result Species diversity displayed a negative correlation with biomass and a positive correlation with productivity. Contrarily, structural diversity was positively correlated with biomass and negatively correlated with productivity. The effects of environment factors on tree diversity and biomass/productivity were varied. Specifically, soil moisture had a significant effect on productivity, species diversity was correlated with soil nutrients and topographies, and structural diversity was strongly related to soil nutrients. The variance partitioning analysis results indicated that the single effect of structural diversity explained the largest portion of variance in biomass (35.39%) and productivity (5.21%), followed by the shared effect of structural and species diversity on biomass (13.66%) and productivity (3.53%). Soil nutrients and topographies explained less variation in productivity and biomass. The structural equation results analysis indicated that structural diversity had a direct positive effect on biomass, and biomass had a strong direct negative effect on productivity. Structural diversity indirectly reduced productivity by increasing biomass. Soil nutrients and topographies were mainly affected by biomass, while productivity indirectly affected tree species and structural diversity.
Conclusions These results indicate that (1) species diversity had the greatest direct effect on productivity, and structural diversity had the greatest direct effect on biomass in southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests; (2) species diversity explained productivity better than structural diversity, while structural diversity explained biomass accumulation better than species diversity; and (3) both species diversity and structural diversity can be affected by soil nutrients and topographies.

Key words: biomass, productivity, soil nutrients, species diversity, structural diversity, topographies

朱杰, 吴安驰, 邹顺, 熊鑫, 刘世忠, 褚国伟, 张倩媚, 刘菊秀, 唐旭利, 闫俊华, 张德强, 周国逸 (2021) 南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性与生物量和生产力的关联及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 29, 1435-1446. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021014.

Jie Zhu, Anchi Wu, Shun Zou, Xin Xiong, Shizhong Liu, Guowei Chu, Qianmei Zhang, Juxiu Liu, Xuli Tang, Junhua Yan, Deqiang Zhang, Guoyi Zhou (2021) Relationships between tree diversity and biomass/productivity and their influence factors in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1435-1446. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021014.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021014

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I11/1435

图/表 5

表1 南亚热带常绿阔叶林样地基础变量信息统计表

Table 1 The statistical information of basic variables in the sampling plot in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD
物种丰富度 Species richness (R)	6.00-21.50	12.86	3.69
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	1.23-2.68	2.07	0.31
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (D)	0.62-0.91	0.82	0.06
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E)	0.59-0.98	0.82	0.08
胸高断面积标准偏差 Basal area standard deviation (SD_ba)	14.83-4,696.75	333.41	678.16
胸高断面积变异系数 Basal area coefficient of variation (CV_ba)	86.49-2,069.74	486.98	371.29
胸高断面积基尼系数 Basal area Gini coefficient (GC_ba)	0.55-1.00	0.82	0.10
树高标准偏差 Height standard deviation (SD_h)	1.49-8.40	4.14	1.77
树高变异系数 Height coefficient of variation (CV_h)	28.73-147.37	79.32	30.73
树高基尼系数 Height Gini coefficient (GC_h)	0.18-0.54	0.35	0.08
坡度(南北) Slop degree (Northsouth) (S_NS) (°)	0.00-89.61	10.52	11.86
坡度(东西) Slop degree(Eastwest) (S_EW) (°)	4.72-39.00	26.79	5.78
相对高差(南北) Relative dispersion (Northsouth) (RD_NS) (m)	0.00-3.07	0.95	0.83
相对高差(东西) Relative dispersion (Eastwest) (RD_EW) (m)	0.39-4.09	2.58	0.62
相对海拔 Relative altitude (RA) (m)	4.50-66.20	33.42	15.47
土壤含水量 Water content (WC)	0.20-0.30	0.24	0.02
pH值 pH value	3.74-4.05	3.85	0.06
有机碳 Organic carbon (C) (mg/g)	18.79-42.75	26.18	4.37
全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (mg/g)	1.61-3.62	2.14	0.33
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) (mg/g)	0.00-0.01	0.01	0.00
速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/g)	0.00-0.01	0.00	0.00
速效钾 Available potassium (AK) (mg/g)	0.08-0.23	0.12	0.03

表2 物种多样性、结构多样性、地形和土壤养分主成分的特征值和贡献率

Table 2 Eigenvalues and contribution rate of species diversity factors, structural diversity factors, topography factors and soil nutrients factors.

类型 Class	成分 Component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Contribution rate of variance (%)	方差累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate of variance (%)
物种多样性 Species diversity	1	2.93	73.45	73.45
	2	1.02	25.52	98.97
	3	0.03	0.76	99.73
	4	0.01	0.27	100
结构多样性 Structural diversity	1	4.22	70.37	70.37
	2	0.93	15.54	85.91
	3	0.47	7.78	93.69
	4	0.25	4.19	97.88
	5	0.07	1.11	98.99
	6	0.06	1.01	100
地形 Topography	1	2.77	55.35	55.35
地形 Topography	2	1.49	29.77	85.12
	3	0.61	12.13	97.25
	4	0.13	2.66	99.91
	5	0.00	0.09	100
土壤养分 Soil nutrients	1	3.51	50.17	50.17
土壤养分 Soil nutrients	2	1.37	19.62	69.79
	3	0.84	11.98	81.77
	4	0.65	9.22	90.99
	5	0.42	6.05	97.04
	6	0.13	1.89	98.93
	7	0.07	1.07	100

图1 物种多样性和结构多样性与生物量和生产力之间的相关关系。(a) 4个物种多样性指标的第一轴和第二轴载荷量; (b) 6个结构多样性指标的第一轴和第二轴载荷量; (c)物种多样性第一主轴载荷量与生物量和生产力之间的关系; (d)结构多样性第一主轴载荷量与生物量和生产力之间的关系。缩写代表含义同表1。

Fig. 1 Relationship between species diversity and structural diversity with plant biomass and productivity. (a) Loadings on the first and second axes of four species diversity indexes; (b) Loadings on the first and second axes of six structural diversity indexes; (c) Relationship between loadings on the first axe of species diversity and plant biomass and productivity; (d) Relationship between loadings on the first axe of structural diversity and plant biomass and productivity. Abbreviations have the same as in Table 1.

图2 南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性、生物量和生产力与土壤养分和地形因子之间的Pearson相关关系。P: Productivity; B: Biomass; 其余缩写代表含义同表1, *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, 白色*为正相关, 黑色*为负相关。

Fig. 2 Pearson correlation between tree species diversity, plant biomass, plant productivity and soil nutrients, topographic factors in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest. The letter B and P mean biomass and productivity, and other abbreviations have the same as in Table 1, *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, white sign (*) is positive correlation, black sign (*) is negative correlation.

图3 物种多样性、结构多样性、地形和土壤养分对生产力和生物量的影响。(a)方差分解解释各因子对生产力的单独效应和共同效应; (b)方差分解解释各因子对生物量的单独效应和共同效应; (c)结构方程模型(SEM)解释地形和土壤养分通过物种多样性和结构多样性对生产力的直接和间接影响(N = 100)。SEM考虑了所有可能的路径, R2表示所解释的方差比例。箭头上的数字表示标准化的路径系数。箭头宽度表示路径系数的强度。*, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001。

Fig. 3 The impact of species diversity, structural diversity, topography and soil nutrients on plant productivity and biomass. (a) Variation partitioning analysis explains the pure and shared effect of factors on plant productivity. (b) Variation partitioning analysis explains the pure and shared effect of factors on plant biomass. (c) Structural equation model (SEM) reveals the direct and indirect effects of species diversity, structural diversity, topography and soil nutrients on plant productivity and biomass (N = 100). The SEM considered all plausible pathways, to increase the degrees of freedom, R2 indicates the proportion of variance explained. The numbers on the arrows indicate standardized path coefficients. The arrow width is proportional to the strength of the path coefficients. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.

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南亚热带常绿阔叶林树木多样性与生物量和生产力的关联及其影响因素

Relationships between tree diversity and biomass/productivity and their influence factors in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

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