宁夏不同草原类型植物多样性–蝗虫–步甲级联效应及对初级生产力的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025021

生物多样性

宁夏不同草原类型植物多样性–蝗虫–步甲级联效应及对初级生产力的影响

杨泉峰¹, 唐艳杰¹, 肖海军¹, 王颖², 张蓉², 欧阳芳^3*, 魏淑花^2*

1. 北京林业大学草业与草原学院, 北京 100083; 2. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所, 银川 750002; 3. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2025-01-13 修回日期:2025-05-27 接受日期:2025-06-14
通讯作者: 欧阳芳,魏淑花
基金资助:
宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-14-05); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BLX202327); 国家林业和草原局一中国科学院国家公园研究院研究专项(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-2022-001)

The cascading effects of plant diversity-grasshoppers-carabids and their impacts on primary productivity in different grassland types of Ningxia

Quanfeng Yang¹, Yanjie Tang¹, Haijun Xiao¹, Ying Wang², Rong Zhang², Fang Ouyang^3*, Shuhua Wei^2*

1 School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

2 Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China

3 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology,

Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-05-27 Accepted:2025-06-14
Contact: Fang Ouyang, Shuhua Wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究选择宁夏四类温性草原共42个样地, 用样方法调查各样地植物丰富度和盖度并测定初级生产力, 用扫网法调查草原蝗虫丰富度和丰度, 用陷阱法调查步甲丰富度和丰度, 将上述数据综合分析以揭示不同草原类型植物多样性–蝗虫–步甲级联效应及对初级生产力的影响。草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、草原化荒漠植物丰富度分别为41、35、22和16种, 蝗虫丰富度分别为9、12、16和6种, 步甲丰富度分别为8、12、12和3种。在草甸草原, 植物多样性、蝗虫、步甲与初级生产力两两之间无显著相关性。在典型草原, 仅初级生产力分别与植物多样性、步甲丰度和步甲丰富度显著正相关。在荒漠草原, 初级生产力与植物多样性显著正相关, 步甲丰富度与植物多样性显著负相关。然而, 在草原化荒漠, 不仅蝗虫丰富度、丰度与植物多样性显著正相关, 而且步甲丰度与蝗虫丰度也显著正相关, 但草原初级生产力与植物多样性、蝗虫丰度和丰富度显著负相关。因此, 四类草原中, 草原化荒漠植物多样性–蝗虫–步甲级联效应最强但显著抑制草地初级生产力。本研究的启示为: 植物多样性的增加可能导致蝗害暴发与生产力下降, 因此, 利用植物多样性修复草原化沙漠需考虑草地类型及对害虫-天敌互作关系进而对草地初级生产力的影响。

关键词: 草原植物多样性, 蝗虫, 步甲, 初级生产力, 级联效应

Abstract

Aims: To reveal the cascading effects of plant diversity-grasshoppers-carabids across grassland types and their influences on primary productivity.

Methods: In Ningxia’s four temperate grassland types, 42 research sites were established to assess plant diversity (quadrat-based species composition and cover degree) and primary productivity. Concurrently, the abundance and richness of grasshoppers were sampled via sweep-netting, the abundance and richness of carabids were sampled via pitfall traps, with subsequent multivariate analysis of all datasets.

Results: The plant species richness in meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, and steppe desert was 41, 35, 22, and 16 species, respectively; grasshopper (Orthoptera) species richness was 9, 12, 16, and 6 species, while carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species richness was 8, 12, 12, and 3 species. In the meadow steppe, no significant pairwise correlations were found among plant diversity, grasshoppers, carabids, and primary productivity. In the typical steppe, primary productivity exhibited significant positive correlations with plant diversity, carabid abundance, and carabid species richness. In the desert steppe, primary productivity showed significant positive correlation with plant diversity, but carabid species richness showed significant negative correlation with plant diversity. However, in the steppe desert, not only were grasshopper species richness and abundance significantly positively correlated with plant diversity, but carabid abundance was also significantly positively correlated with grasshopper abundance, while primary productivity demonstrated significant negative correlations with plant diversity, grasshopper abundance, and species richness.

Conclusion: Therefore, among the four grassland types, the steppe desert exhibited the strongest cascading effects of plant diversity-grasshoppers-carabids, but increased plant diversity promotes locust proliferation and leads to a decline in primary productivity. This study highlights that elevated plant diversity may trigger locust outbreaks and reduce ecosystem productivity. Therefore, when using plant diversity to restore steppe deserts, it is necessary to consider the grassland type and its impact on the interactions between pests and natural enemies and thereby on the primary productivity of the grassland.

Key words: grassland plant diversity, grasshopper, carabid beetle, primary productivity, cascading effect

杨泉峰, 唐艳杰, 肖海军, 王颖, 张蓉, 欧阳芳, 魏淑花. 宁夏不同草原类型植物多样性–蝗虫–步甲级联效应及对初级生产力的影响. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025021.

Quanfeng Yang, Yanjie Tang, Haijun Xiao, Ying Wang, Rong Zhang, Fang Ouyang, Shuhua Wei. The cascading effects of plant diversity-grasshoppers-carabids and their impacts on primary productivity in different grassland types of Ningxia. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025021.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025021

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