长白山森林不同演替阶段生物多样性与生产力的关系: 基于物种、性状和系统发育的视角

doi:10.17520/biods.2025060

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 25060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025060 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025060

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

长白山森林不同演替阶段生物多样性与生产力的关系: 基于物种、性状和系统发育的视角

于琦胧¹, 郝珉辉¹^,^*()(), 何怀江², 张春雨¹(), 赵秀海¹()

¹ 北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083
² 吉林省林业科学研究院, 长春 130013

收稿日期:2025-02-18 接受日期:2025-05-25 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-17
通讯作者: *E-mail: haomh@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2201003)

Relationships of biodiversity and productivity change with forest succession in Changbai Mountains: Insights from species, traits, and phylogeny

Qilong Yu¹, Minhui Hao¹^,^*()(), Huaijiang He², Chunyu Zhang¹(), Xiuhai Zhao¹()

¹ Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
² Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130013, China

Received:2025-02-18 Accepted:2025-05-25 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-17
Contact: *E-mail: haomh@bjfu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Plan(2022YFD2201003)

1. 附录.pdf(220KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性是生态系统功能形成和维持的重要基础, 其对生态系统功能的影响随森林演替呈动态变化, 但不同维度生物多样性(物种、性状、系统发育)对生态系统功能的相对贡献及其随演替的变化规律尚不明确。本研究以长白山不同演替阶段森林为研究对象, 分别在次生山杨(Populus davidiana)-白桦(Betula platyphylla)林(演替早期)、次生针阔混交林(演替中期)和原始阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林(演替后期)内各设置1块面积为5.2 ha的固定监测样地, 基于植被数据分别计算物种、功能和系统发育多样性, 并以地上生物量和森林生产力作为生态系统功能指标, 运用结构方程模型分析不同维度生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响及其随演替的变化规律, 并探讨其背后的生态学机制。结果表明: (1)随着森林演替, 地上生物量持续增加而生产力下降; (2)生物多样性与地上生物量和生产力的关系随森林演替而变化, 总体呈现出作用减弱的趋势; (3)与功能多样性和系统发育多样性相比, 物种多样性对生态系统功能的作用不显著; (4)非生物因素动态调控演替资源与生产力。研究结果揭示了长白山森林演替中多维度生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的变化规律及其生态学机制, 可为东北地区退化森林的生态修复和可持续经营提供科学依据。

关键词: 物种丰富度, 功能多样性, 系统发育多样性, 地上生物量, 森林生产力, 森林演替

Abstract

Aims: Biodiversity serves as a critical foundation for the formation and maintenance of ecosystem functions. Its influence on ecosystem functioning changes dynamically during forest succession. However, the relative contributions of multi-dimensional biodiversity (species, traits, phylogeny) and their variations across forest successional stages remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impacts of multi-dimensional biodiversity on forest productivity and their variations across forest succession.

Methods: This study explored the biodiversity and productivity relationships of forests at different successional stages in Changbai Mountains, based on the observations from three 5.2-ha forest dynamics plots in secondary poplar-birch forest (early succession stage), secondary conifer-broadleaf mixed forest (middle succession stage), and primary Korean pine-broadleaf forest (late succession stage). Vegetation survey data were used to calculate species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. Aboveground biomass and forest productivity were employed as ecosystem function indicators. Structural equation modeling was applied to disentangle the impacts of multi-dimensional biodiversity on ecosystem functions and their variations across successional stages.

Results: (1) With forest succession, aboveground biomass increased continuously while productivity decreased. (2) The relationship between biodiversity and biomass and productivity changed with forest succession, generally showing a weakening trend across stages. (3) Compared with functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity, species diversity did not significantly affect ecosystem functions. (4) Abiotic factors dynamically regulated resources during succession and productivity.

Conclusion: This study enhances the understanding of dynamic patterns and ecological mechanisms underlying multi- dimensional biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships during forest succession, providing scientific insights for the ecological restoration and sustainable management of secondary forests in northeastern China.

Key words: species richness, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, aboveground biomass, forest productivity, forest succession

于琦胧, 郝珉辉, 何怀江, 张春雨, 赵秀海 (2025) 长白山森林不同演替阶段生物多样性与生产力的关系: 基于物种、性状和系统发育的视角. 生物多样性, 33, 25060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025060.

Qilong Yu, Minhui Hao, Huaijiang He, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao (2025) Relationships of biodiversity and productivity change with forest succession in Changbai Mountains: Insights from species, traits, and phylogeny. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025060.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025060

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I8/25060

图/表 4

图1 长白山森林功能性状聚类树(A)与系统发育树(B)

Fig. 1 Clustering tree of functional traits (A) and phylogenetic tree (B) of Changbai Mountains forests

图2 长白山森林不同演替阶段各因子水平的差异。AGB: 地上生物量; FD.mpd: 功能多样性; PD.mpd: 系统发育多样性; SR: 物种丰富度; BP: 生产力; SPBF: 次生山杨-白桦林; SCBF: 次生针阔混交林; PKBF: 原始阔叶红松林。不同小写字母表示不同森林类型间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Differences in the levels of various factors at different succession stages of Changbai Mountains forests. AGB, Aboveground biomass; FD.mpd, Functional diversity; PD.mpd, Phylogenetic diversity; SR, Species richness; BP, Productivity; SPBF, Secondary poplar-birch forest; SCBF, Secondary conifer-broadleaf mixed forest; PKBF, Primary Korean pine-broadleaf forest. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different forest types (P < 0.05).

图3

Fig. 3 广义线性模型拟合结果。* P < 0.0.5; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。 Results of generalized linear model fitting. AGB, Aboveground biomass; ASP, Aspect; FD.mpd, Functional diversity; PD.mpd, Phylogenetic diversity; SD, Soil depth; SR, Species richness; STP, Soil total phosphorus content; SW, Soil water content.* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图4 结构方程模型分析结果。(A)次生山杨-白桦林; (B)次生针阔混交林; (C)原始阔叶红松林。CFI为比较拟合指数, SRMR为标准化均方根残差, 两者都反映了模型的拟合优度。红色路径线表示正相关关系, 蓝色路径线表示负相关关系; 实线表示关系显著(P < 0.05), 虚线表示关系不显著(P ≥ 0.05); 路径线上的数字为标准化的路径系数(r), 线条粗细反映系数的大小。

Fig. 4 Results of structural equation models. (A) Secondary poplar-birch forest; (B) Secondary conifer-broadleaf mixed forest; (C) Primary Korean pine-broadleaf forest. AGB, Aboveground biomass; ASP, Aspect; BP, Productivity; ENV, Environmental factor; FD.mpd, Functional diversity; PD.mpd, Phylogenetic diversity; SD, Soil depth; SR, Species richness; STP, Soil total phosphorus content; SW, Soil water content. CFI, Comparative fit index, SRMR, Standardized root mean square residual, they both reflect the goodness of fit of a model. Red path lines represent positive correlations, and blue path lines represent negative correlations. Solid lines indicate significant relationships (P < 0.05), while dashed lines indicate non-significant relationships (P ≥ 0.05). The numbers on the path lines are standardized path coefficients (r), and the thickness of the lines reflects the magnitude of the coefficients.

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长白山森林不同演替阶段生物多样性与生产力的关系: 基于物种、性状和系统发育的视角

Relationships of biodiversity and productivity change with forest succession in Changbai Mountains: Insights from species, traits, and phylogeny

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