天童山森林土壤种子库的时空格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.489

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5): 489-496. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.489

天童山森林土壤种子库的时空格局

葛斌杰¹, 杨永川²^,³^,^*(), 李宏庆¹^,^*()

1 华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200062
2 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045
3 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400045

收稿日期:2010-01-08 接受日期:2010-08-20 出版日期:2010-09-20 发布日期:2010-09-20
通讯作者: 杨永川,李宏庆
作者简介:* E-mail: yongchuanyang@yahoo.com.cn;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(30700094);Research project for a sustainable development of economic and social structure dependent on the environment of the eastern coast of Asia from Tokyo University of Information

Spatial and temporal patterns of natural forest soil seed banks on Tiantong Mountain

Binjie Ge¹, Yongchuan Yang²^,³^,^*(), Hongqing Li¹^,^*()

1 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
2 Key Lab of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045
3 Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045

Received:2010-01-08 Accepted:2010-08-20 Online:2010-09-20 Published:2010-09-20
Contact: Yongchuan Yang,Hongqing Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤种子库是植物群落的潜在物种库。在中国东部典型丘陵地区天童国家森林公园内选取8类微地形, 分别于2008年9月、12月和2009年3月、6月进行野外调查取样和室内实验, 从总计1,960份土样中挑选种子进行鉴定及分类统计, 研究其时空格局, 探讨自然森林土壤种子库的基本特征及分布规律。结果显示: (1)共检出有活力的种子5,024粒, 共鉴定出68个种, 其中定名种65个; 落叶阔叶乔木和常绿阔叶小乔木物种数量以及种子数量均占优势; 土壤种子库与地上植被共有种为48种, 相似性系数为0.45。(2) 2级和3级顶坡及下部边坡、麓坡、泛滥性阶地种子库储量较大, 而高上部边坡、中上部边坡和低上部边坡种子库储量较小。雷公鹅耳枥(Carpinus viminea)和细枝柃(Eurya loquaiana)是各个微地形单元种子库的优势种。其他优势种中, 上部坡面的微地形主要为格药柃(E. muricata)、短梗冬青(Ilex buergeri)、黑山山矾(Symplocos heishanensis)、四川山矾(S. setchuensis)等常绿树种, 而下部坡面的微地形主要为南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)、橄榄槭(Acer olivaceum)、西川朴(Celtis vandervoetiana)等落叶树种。(3)土壤种子库储量在垂直空间上的分布是0-2 cm土层>2-5 cm土层>5-10 cm土层>枯枝落叶层。(4)土壤种子库具有明显的季节动态, 其储量在各个取样时间中的分布为12月>3月>9月>6月。

关键词: 天童山, 森林土壤种子库, 微地形, 季节动态, 空间格局

Abstract

Soil seed bank represents a pool of potential species for a plant community. We analyzed spatio-temporal patterns of natural forest seed banks on Mt. Tiantong, a typically hilly region in East China. Eight micro-landform units, i.e., second and third crest slopes, higher-, middle- and lower-upper sideslope, lower sideslope, foot slope, and flood terrace were used as classes in our analyses. Seeds were identified from a total of 1,960 samples collected in September 2008, December 2008, March 2009 and June 2009. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The total number of viable seeds was 5,024 and 68 taxa were identified, among which 65 species were identified to species level from the samples. Among these identified species 48 were present in the above-ground vegetation and the Czekanowski community similarity was 0.45. Deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen broad-leaved sub-canopy trees were the main components of soil seed banks according to the number of seeds and species. (2) The reserves on crest slopes and lower hillside areas were higher than those on the upper sideslopes (H-US, M-US and L-US). Carpinus viminea and Eurya loquaiana dominated in nearly all the micro-landforms. Otherwise, evergreen trees such as E. muricata, Ilex buergeri, Symplocos heishanensis and S. setchuensis were the dominant species in upper hillside areas, while deciduous trees such as Choerospondias axillaris, Acer olivaceum, Celtis vandervoetiana dominated in lower hillside areas. (3) Reserves of four vertical soil layers varied in size, with the peak at 0-2 cm soil layer, followed by 2-5 cm soil layer and 5-10 cm soil layer, while those in the litter layer were the smallest. (4)The soil seed banks showed seasonal variation, with the peak of reserves found in December 2008, followed by March 2009, September 2008 and June 2009 in descending order.

Key words: Tiantong Mountain, forest soil seed bank, micro-landform, seasonal dynamics, spatial pattern

葛斌杰, 杨永川, 李宏庆 (2010) 天童山森林土壤种子库的时空格局. 生物多样性, 18, 489-496. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.489.

Binjie Ge, Yongchuan Yang, Hongqing Li (2010) Spatial and temporal patterns of natural forest soil seed banks on Tiantong Mountain. Biodiversity Science, 18, 489-496. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.489.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.489

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I5/489

图/表 6

参考文献 30

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物种 Species	种子数量 No. of seeds	物种 Species	种子数量 No. of seeds
常绿阔叶乔木 Evergreen broad-leaved tree		枳椇 Hovenia dulcis	10
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	16	山合欢 Albizia kalkora	7
苦槠 C. sclerophylla	6	油桐 Vernicia fordii	4
长叶石栎 Lithocarpus harlandii	10	楝树 Melia azedarach	2
云山青冈 Cyclobalanopsis nubium	9	八角枫 Alangium chinense	1
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri	248	落叶阔叶小乔木 Deciduous broad-leaved sub-tree
木荷 Schima superba	82	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	27
杨梅 Myrica rubra	28	白背叶 Mallotus apeltus	24
刺叶桂樱 Prunus spinulosa	4	长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata	8
舟山新木姜子 Neolitsea sericea	1	大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	1
常绿阔叶小乔木 Evergreen broad-leaved sub-tree		落叶阔叶灌木 Deciduous broad-leaved shrub
黑山山矾 Symplocos heishanensis	258	山胡椒 Lindera glauca	17
四川山矾 S. setchuensis	112	红脉钓樟 L. rubronervia	1
光叶山矾 S. lancifolia	47	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius	114
山矾 S. sumuntia	17	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	5
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	1,070	山油麻 Trema cannabina var. dielsiana	3
细齿叶柃 E. nitida	42	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	1
杨桐 Adinandra millettii	26	常绿藤本 Evergreen liana
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	160	木防己 Cocculus trilobus	120
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum	16	广东蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis cantoniensis	95
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum	8	过山枫 Celastrus aculeatus	23
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	9	羊角藤 Morinda umbellata	9
常绿阔叶灌木 Evergreen broad-leaved shrub		白花野木瓜 Stauntonia leucantha	1
格药柃 Eurya muricata	119	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
毛枝连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	19	刺葡萄 Vitis davidii	2
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris	70	多年生草本 Perennial herb
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	1	淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	26
寒莓 Rubus buergeri	26	三脉紫菀 Aster ageratoides	14
落叶阔叶乔木 Deciduous broad-leaved tree		何首乌 Polygonum multiflorum	12
橄榄槭 Acer olivaceum	146	显子草 Phaenosperma globosum	5
天童锐角槭 A. acutum var. tientungense	62	大吴风草 Farfugium japonicum	2
西川朴 Celtis vandervoetiana	66	戟叶堇菜 Viola betonicifolia	2
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera	19	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	1
青钱柳 Cyclocarya paliurus	6	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa	1
化香 Platycarya strobilacea	2	一年生草本 Annual herb
雷公鹅耳枥 Carpinus viminea	1,154	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	23
南酸枣 Choerospondias axiliaris	332	未定名物种1 Unidentified species 1	180
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	23	未定名物种2 Unidentified species 2	40
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca	14	未定名物种3 Unidentified species 3	15

物种 Species	种子数量 No. of seeds	物种 Species	种子数量 No. of seeds
常绿阔叶乔木 Evergreen broad-leaved tree		枳椇 Hovenia dulcis	10
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	16	山合欢 Albizia kalkora	7
苦槠 C. sclerophylla	6	油桐 Vernicia fordii	4
长叶石栎 Lithocarpus harlandii	10	楝树 Melia azedarach	2
云山青冈 Cyclobalanopsis nubium	9	八角枫 Alangium chinense	1
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri	248	落叶阔叶小乔木 Deciduous broad-leaved sub-tree
木荷 Schima superba	82	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	27
杨梅 Myrica rubra	28	白背叶 Mallotus apeltus	24
刺叶桂樱 Prunus spinulosa	4	长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata	8
舟山新木姜子 Neolitsea sericea	1	大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	1
常绿阔叶小乔木 Evergreen broad-leaved sub-tree		落叶阔叶灌木 Deciduous broad-leaved shrub
黑山山矾 Symplocos heishanensis	258	山胡椒 Lindera glauca	17
四川山矾 S. setchuensis	112	红脉钓樟 L. rubronervia	1
光叶山矾 S. lancifolia	47	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius	114
山矾 S. sumuntia	17	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	5
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	1,070	山油麻 Trema cannabina var. dielsiana	3
细齿叶柃 E. nitida	42	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	1
杨桐 Adinandra millettii	26	常绿藤本 Evergreen liana
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	160	木防己 Cocculus trilobus	120
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum	16	广东蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis cantoniensis	95
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum	8	过山枫 Celastrus aculeatus	23
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	9	羊角藤 Morinda umbellata	9
常绿阔叶灌木 Evergreen broad-leaved shrub		白花野木瓜 Stauntonia leucantha	1
格药柃 Eurya muricata	119	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
毛枝连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	19	刺葡萄 Vitis davidii	2
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris	70	多年生草本 Perennial herb
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	1	淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	26
寒莓 Rubus buergeri	26	三脉紫菀 Aster ageratoides	14
落叶阔叶乔木 Deciduous broad-leaved tree		何首乌 Polygonum multiflorum	12
橄榄槭 Acer olivaceum	146	显子草 Phaenosperma globosum	5
天童锐角槭 A. acutum var. tientungense	62	大吴风草 Farfugium japonicum	2
西川朴 Celtis vandervoetiana	66	戟叶堇菜 Viola betonicifolia	2
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera	19	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	1
青钱柳 Cyclocarya paliurus	6	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa	1
化香 Platycarya strobilacea	2	一年生草本 Annual herb
雷公鹅耳枥 Carpinus viminea	1,154	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	23
南酸枣 Choerospondias axiliaris	332	未定名物种1 Unidentified species 1	180
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	23	未定名物种2 Unidentified species 2	40
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca	14	未定名物种3 Unidentified species 3	15

时间 Sampling time	3级顶坡 3^rdCS	2级顶坡 2^ndCS	高上部边坡 H-US	中上部边坡 M-US	低上部边坡 L-US	下部边坡 LS	麓坡 FS	泛滥性阶地 FT	平均Average
2008年9月 Sept., 2008	114±48	121±54	92±26	92±14	29±9	87±22	155±19	108±37	100±13
2008年12月 Dec., 2008	335±17	99±37	75±14	153±49	29±13	123±51	151±60	187±56	144±33
2009年3月 Mar., 2009	285±108	124±31	34±10	54±27	17±5	118±53	186±32	137±23	119±31
2009年6月 June, 2009	65±22	115±23	15±5	43±10	28±2	55±34	75±41	53±15	56±11
平均值 Average	200±65	115±6	54±18	86±25	26±3	96±16	142±24	121±28	105±19

时间 Sampling time	3级顶坡 3^rdCS	2级顶坡 2^ndCS	高上部边坡 H-US	中上部边坡 M-US	低上部边坡 L-US	下部边坡 LS	麓坡 FS	泛滥性阶地 FT	平均Average
2008年9月 Sept., 2008	114±48	121±54	92±26	92±14	29±9	87±22	155±19	108±37	100±13
2008年12月 Dec., 2008	335±17	99±37	75±14	153±49	29±13	123±51	151±60	187±56	144±33
2009年3月 Mar., 2009	285±108	124±31	34±10	54±27	17±5	118±53	186±32	137±23	119±31
2009年6月 June, 2009	65±22	115±23	15±5	43±10	28±2	55±34	75±41	53±15	56±11
平均值 Average	200±65	115±6	54±18	86±25	26±3	96±16	142±24	121±28	105±19

取样时间 Sampling time	枯枝落叶层 Litter layer	0-2 cm土层 0-2 cm soil layer	2-5 cm土层 2-5 cm soil layer	5-10 cm土层 5-10 cm soil layer
2008年9月 Sept. 2008	22±4	29±6	29±6	20±5
2008年12月 Dec. 2008	35±7	50±9	35±5	25±4
2009年3月 Mar. 2009	16±3	38±4	26±3	40±4
2009年6月 June 2009	3±1	15±3	18±3	21±4
平均值 Average	19±7	33±7	27±4	26±5

天童山森林土壤种子库的时空格局

Spatial and temporal patterns of natural forest soil seed banks on Tiantong Mountain

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