澜沧江中游水生昆虫生活史和生态学性状多样性的海拔格局: 气候和土地利用的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2021332

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 21332. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021332

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

澜沧江中游水生昆虫生活史和生态学性状多样性的海拔格局: 气候和土地利用的影响

付飞¹, 魏慧玉², 常育腾¹, 王备新¹, 陈凯¹^,^*()

1.南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系昆虫分类与水生昆虫实验室, 南京 210095
2.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2021-08-21 接受日期:2022-01-08 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-01-10
通讯作者: 陈凯
作者简介:* E-mail: kai.chen@njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51509159);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(KYZ201820)

Elevational patterns of life history and ecological trait diversity of aquatic insects in the middle of the Lancang River: The effects of climate and land use variables

Fei Fu¹, Huiyu Wei², Yuteng Chang¹, Beixin Wang¹, Kai Chen¹^,^*()

1 Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy & Aquatic Insects, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042

Received:2021-08-21 Accepted:2022-01-08 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-01-10
Contact: Kai Chen

1. 附录1 澜沧江云南段中游水生昆虫分类单元名录.pdf(490KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种通过功能性状响应环境变化, 探究群落功能性状多样性的海拔格局是揭示生物多样性空间分布格局和形成机制的重要研究内容。气候变化和土地利用是影响溪流生物多样性变化及其群落构建的重要因素, 然而气候和土地利用沿海拔梯度如何影响水生昆虫功能性状垂直分布格局的系统研究仍旧比较缺乏。本文基于2016年和2018年在云南澜沧江中游1,000-3,000 m海拔共56个溪流样点的水生昆虫群落调查数据, 利用线性和二次回归模型探索并比较了生活史性状(化性、生活史快慢、成虫寿命)和生态学性状(营养习性、生活习性、温度偏好)的群落加权平均性状多样性指数沿海拔梯度的分布特征, 并通过随机森林模型解析流域尺度气候和土地利用变量对生活史和生态学性状多样性垂直分布格局的影响。结果表明: 生活史性状中, 少于1世代、无季节性、慢季节性、成虫寿命长等性状多样性沿海拔梯度呈显著的“U”型分布格局, 而快季节性和成虫寿命极短多样性呈显著的单峰型海拔格局, 成虫寿命短多样性呈显著递增的海拔格局。生态学性状中, 温度偏好多样性与海拔梯度无关, 附着者和爬行者的多样性沿海拔梯度分别呈显著的递增和“U”型格局, 滤食者、植食者和捕食者的多样性分别呈显著递增、递减和“U”型海拔格局。随机森林模型分析结果表明, 气候和土地利用对生活史性状多样性的解释量高于对生态学性状多样性的解释量, 年平均温度和农业面积百分比是共同的关键因素。综上, 水生昆虫群落功能性状多样性海拔格局存在差异, 主要受不同自然环境梯度和人类干扰因素驱动。研究结果可为制定澜沧江流域生物多样性保护对策提供理论基础。

关键词: 生物多样性, 功能性状, 空间格局, 溪流, 生物地理学

Abstract

Aims: Species respond to environmental changes through functional traits. Exploring the elevational pattern of community functional trait diversity is an important aspect in understanding the spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of biodiversity. Climate change and land use are important factors that affect stream ecosystems, their biodiversity, and community assembly. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the elevational distribution of functional trait diversity of aquatic insect assemblage under the effects of climate and land use variables.

Methods: We collected aquatic insect community data from 56 stream sites along elevational gradients ranging between 1,000-3,000 m in 2016 and 2018 in the middle of the Lancang River Basin, Yunnan Province, China. We then utilized a linear or quadratic regression model to explore and compare the elevational patterns of life history (voltinism, development, and adult life span) and ecological traits (trophic habit, habit, and thermal preference) diversity indices. Then, we used random forest model to analyze the effects of climatic and land use variables on the diversity of life history and ecological traits of aquatic insect assemblages.

Results: Of all life history traits, diversity of semivoltine, nonseasonal, slow seasonal, and long adult life span demonstrated significantly U-shaped elevational patterns. While diversity of fast seasonal, and very short adult life span exhibited significantly hump-shaped elevational patterns, and short adult life span diversity demonstrated a significantly increasing elevational pattern. Of all ecological traits, thermal preference diversity displayed no significant pattern along the elevation gradient. Diversity of clinger and sprawler exhibited a significantly increasing pattern and a U-shaped elevational pattern, while diversity of collector-filter, herbivore, and predator exhibited significantly increasing, decreasing, and U-shaped elevational patterns, respectively. Random forest models revealed that variation of life history trait diversity explained by climate and land use variables were higher than that in ecological trait diversity, with annual mean temperature and percentage of agriculture area as common key factors.

Conclusion: In summary, the elevational patterns of functional trait diversity in aquatic insect assemblage differed between life history and ecological trait diversity, in which differences are driven by different natural and human disturbance gradients. These results can provide theoretical supports for aquatic biodiversity maintenance and conservation in the Lancang River Basin.

Key words: biodiversity, functional trait, spatial pattern, stream, biogeography

付飞, 魏慧玉, 常育腾, 王备新, 陈凯 (2022) 澜沧江中游水生昆虫生活史和生态学性状多样性的海拔格局: 气候和土地利用的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 21332. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021332.

Fei Fu, Huiyu Wei, Yuteng Chang, Beixin Wang, Kai Chen (2022) Elevational patterns of life history and ecological trait diversity of aquatic insects in the middle of the Lancang River: The effects of climate and land use variables. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21332. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021332.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021332

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I5/21332

图/表 6

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环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,030	480	1,274	2,899
森林面积百分比 % forest area	75.5	16.0	21.6	98.4
农业面积百分比 % agriculture area	1.3	4.7	0.0	32.0
不透水面积百分比 % impervious area	0.08	0.4	0.0	3.0
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃) (BIO 1)	10.3	3.0	2.4	16.4
季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) Temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100) (BIO 4)	494.5	42.9	430.1	594.7
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃) (BIO 7)	23.5	0.9	21.7	26.3
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) (BIO 12)	920.6	101.4	649.4	1,232.5
季节性降水变异(变异系数) Precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of variation) (BIO 15)	62.0	2.2	58.0	70.9

环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,030	480	1,274	2,899
森林面积百分比 % forest area	75.5	16.0	21.6	98.4
农业面积百分比 % agriculture area	1.3	4.7	0.0	32.0
不透水面积百分比 % impervious area	0.08	0.4	0.0	3.0
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃) (BIO 1)	10.3	3.0	2.4	16.4
季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) Temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100) (BIO 4)	494.5	42.9	430.1	594.7
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃) (BIO 7)	23.5	0.9	21.7	26.3
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) (BIO 12)	920.6	101.4	649.4	1,232.5
季节性降水变异(变异系数) Precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of variation) (BIO 15)	62.0	2.2	58.0	70.9

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality
生活史性状 Life history
化性 Voltinism	少于1世代 Semivoltine
	1世代 Univoltine
	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal
	无季节性 Nonseasonal
成虫寿命 Adult life span	极短 Very short
	短 Short
	长 Long
生态学性状 Ecological traits
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer
	滤食者 Collector-filterer
	植食者 Herbivore
	捕食者 Predator
	撕食者 Shredder
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower
	攀附者 Climber
	爬行者 Sprawler
	附着者 Clinger
	游泳者 Swimmer
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool
	广温 Cool-warm
	喜温 Warm

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality
生活史性状 Life history
化性 Voltinism	少于1世代 Semivoltine
	1世代 Univoltine
	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal
	无季节性 Nonseasonal
成虫寿命 Adult life span	极短 Very short
	短 Short
	长 Long
生态学性状 Ecological traits
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer
	滤食者 Collector-filterer
	植食者 Herbivore
	捕食者 Predator
	撕食者 Shredder
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower
	攀附者 Climber
	爬行者 Sprawler
	附着者 Clinger
	游泳者 Swimmer
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool
	广温 Cool-warm
	喜温 Warm

性状 Trait	性状类别 Trait modality	解释量 RF % variation	解释变量 Explanatory variables
生活史性状
生活史快慢 Development	快季节性 Fast seasonal	25.7	森林面积百分比 + 年平均气温+ 年平均降水量 % forest area + BIO 1 + BIO 12
	无季节性 Nonseasonal	19.3	森林面积百分比 % forest area
	慢季节性 Slow seasonal	28.8	年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 + 农业面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 12 + % agriculture area
成虫寿命 Adult life span	长 Long	20.6	森林面积百分比 % forest area
	短 Short	31.0	农业面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % agriculture area + BIO 1 + BIO 12 + BIO 15
	极短 Very short	25.8	森林面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 年平均降水量 % forest area + BIO 1 + BIO12
化性 Voltinism	多于1世代 Bi- & multi-voltine	16.8	不透水面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % impervious area + BIO 1 + % agriculture area + BIO 15
	少于1世代 Semivoltine	10.4	森林面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 农业面积百分比 % forest area + BIO 15 + % agriculture area
	1世代 Univoltine	16.9	年平均气温 + 不透水面积百分比 + 农业面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 BIO 1 + % impervious area + % agriculture area + BIO 12
生态学性状
生活习性 Habit	掘穴者 Burrower	3.9	不透水面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 % impervious area + BIO 12
生活习性 Habit	攀附者 Climber	0	NA
	附着者 Clinger	1.0	年平均气温 BIO 1
	爬行者 Sprawler	11.5	农业面积百分比 + 年平均气温 + 气温年较差 % agriculture area + BIO 1 + BIO 7
	游泳者 Swimmer	0	NA
温度偏好 Thermal preference	喜凉 Cold-cool	6.3	年平均气温 + 不透水面积百分比 + 农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) BIO 1 + % impervious area + % agriculture area + BIO 15
温度偏好 Thermal preference	广温 Cool-warm	5.0	年平均气温 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 年平均降水量 + 森林面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 15 + BIO 12 + % forest area
	喜温 Warm	0.9	不透水面积百分比 % impervious area
营养习性 Trophic habit	滤食者 Collector-filterer	15.6	农业面积百分比 + 年平均降水量 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) % agriculture area + BIO 12 + BIO 15
营养习性 Trophic habit	集食者 Collector-gatherer	7.5	农业面积百分比 + 不透水面积百分比 % agriculture area + % impervious area
	植食者 Herbivore	10.2	年平均气温 + 季节性气温变异(标准差 × 100) + 年平均降水量 + 农业面积百分比 BIO 1 + BIO 4 + BIO 12 + % agriculture area
	捕食者 Predator	18.5	季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 农业面积百分比 BIO 15 + % agriculture area
	撕食者 Shredder	17.8	农业面积百分比 + 季节性降水变异(变异系数) + 年平均气温 % agriculture area + BIO 15 + BIO 1

澜沧江中游水生昆虫生活史和生态学性状多样性的海拔格局: 气候和土地利用的影响

Elevational patterns of life history and ecological trait diversity of aquatic insects in the middle of the Lancang River: The effects of climate and land use variables

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