亚热带不同树种组成森林中土壤甲螨群落结构特征: 以江西新岗山为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2022334

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球环境变化的大背景下, 生物多样性丧失日益加剧。土壤动物作为生物多样性重要组成之一, 受到广泛的关注。位于我国江西省新岗山的亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能实验样地(BEF-China)是全世界25个森林生物多样性控制实验样地之一。本研究自2019年9月至2022年4月在BEF-China两个不同树种组成的样地(A样地和B样地)内采样, 共获得甲螨23,704头, 隶属于34科50属61种。本文分析和对比了两个样地内甲螨群落结构的差异, 及其多度、物种丰富度、Shannon多样性指数的季节性差异; 通过Pearson检验探讨了甲螨多度与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 在A、B两个不同树种组成的森林生态系统内, 土壤甲螨群落结构及其季节动态具有显著差异。具体表现在: A样地奥甲螨科、罗甲螨科、若甲螨科和尖棱甲螨科的相对多度高于B样地; B样地菌甲螨科、盖头甲螨科和礼服甲螨科的相对多度高于A样地。A样地中夏季和秋季甲螨多度、物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数显著低于春季和冬季; 而B样地中秋季甲螨多度和物种丰富度与春季差异不显著。Pearson检验结果显示, 凋落物木质素含量与单翼甲螨科和菌甲螨科多度呈负相关关系, 而与奥甲螨科多度呈正相关关系。菌甲螨科多度与土壤和凋落物同一理化因子的相关性基本相同(碳氮比除外), 但与凋落物碳氮比呈正相关关系而与土壤碳氮比呈负相关关系。

关键词: 生物多样性, BEF-China, 土壤甲螨, 群落结构, 季节动态, 环境因子

Abstract

Aims: Global environmental change leads to increasing biodiversity loss, and soil animal communities are among the most species-rich components of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the most important biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments was designed in subtropical China (referred to as BEF-China). Here, we investigate the change of oribatid mite community structures in different tree species forests (site A and site B) of BEF-China.
Methods: Soil samples from BEF-China were collected from September 2019 to April 2022. The abundance, diversity, community structure, and ecological indices of oribatid mite communities as well as environmental factors were analyzed and compared between forests with different tree compositions.
Results: We found that, (1) the community structure of oribatid mites in each forest was significantly different. The relative abundance of Oppiidae, Lohmanniidae, Oribatulidae, and Microzetidae was higher in site A than site B; and the relative abundance of Scheloribatidae, Tectocepheidae, and Trhypochthoniidae was higher in site B than site A. (2) There were different seasonal dynamics of oribatid mite communities among the four seasons. In site A, the abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of oribatid mites in summer and autumn were markedly lower than those in spring and winter. However, the diversity of oribatid mites in spring and autumn were similar in site B. (3) There were distinct correlations between oribatid mite communities and environmental factors. And yet, different oribatid mite species have varied responses to indicated factors.
Conclusion: The results highlight that oribatid mite community structures are impacted by aboveground plants. This research provides a reference for future researchers to help understand the biotic interactions between soil oribatid mites and plants.

Key words: biodiversity, BEF-China, soil oribatid mite, community structure, seasonal dynamics, environment factor

陈燕南, 梁铖, 陈军 (2022) 亚热带不同树种组成森林中土壤甲螨群落结构特征: 以江西新岗山为例. 生物多样性, 30, 22334. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022334.

Yannan Chen, Cheng Liang, Jun Chen (2022) The composition of the community structure of oribatid mites in subtropical forests of different tree species: A case study of Xingangshan, Jiangxi Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22334. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022334.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022334

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22334

图/表 6

表1 A样地与B样地树种组成

Table 1 The tree species of site A and site B

A样地 Site A	B样地 Site B
青榨槭 Acer davidii	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortune
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	光皮桦 Betula luminifera
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	丝栗栲 Castanopsis fargesii
复羽叶栾树 Koelreuteria bipinnata	黄果朴 Celtis Biondi
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	华杜英 Elaeocarpus chinensis
苦楝 Melia azedarach	秃瓣杜英 E. glabripetalus
蓝果树 Nyssa sinensis	薯豆 E. japonicus
麻栎 Quercus acutissima	山桐子 Idesia polycarpa
白栎 Q. fabri	黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii
短柄枹栎 Q. serrata	红楠 M. thunbergii
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	华东楠 M. leptophylla
无患子 Sapindus Saponaria	乳源木莲 Manglietia yuyuanensis
山乌桕 Triadica cochinchinensis	垂枝泡花树 Meliosma flexuosa
乌桕 T. sebifera	闽楠 Phoebe bournei
锥栗 Castanea henryi	乌冈栎 Quercus phillyraeoides

图1 BEF-China样地不同树种森林内甲螨群落组成。由外至内, 左侧第一圈为甲螨(Oribatida), 右侧为BEF-China; 第二圈为甲螨科级相对多度(0?100%); 第三圈左侧为不同甲螨类群(科级), 右侧为不同样地, 宽度代表甲螨多度; 甲螨类群与其出现的不同空间用线连接, 线的宽度为甲螨多度。Others代表多度小于100的类群。

Fig. 1 Community composition of oribatid mites in forests composited by different tree species. From outside circle to inside. The left side of the first circle is the name of Oribatida, the right side of the first circle is BEF-China. The second circle is percentage scale label (from 0?100%). The third circle is the family name and the site, the width of the line indicates the abundance of mites. We grouped the oribatid mite abundance less than 100 as others.

图2 不同树种组成森林中土壤甲螨群落结构及生态指标差异。A: A样地与B样地甲螨群落的非度量多维标度排序(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, NMDS)分析结果(Stress = 0.1457)。其中椭圆代表围绕A、B两个样地甲螨群落的标准偏差, 红色的十字(OTU)代表群落中的甲螨物种。B、C、D分别表示两样地甲螨多度、物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数差异。其中方块表示数据分布, 横线表示中位数, 圆点表示极值。

Fig. 2 Community structure and ecological indices of soil oribatid mites in different tree composition forest. A, Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showing the community composition of site A and site B. Ellipses represent the standard deviation around the centroids of each sampling site, red crosses refer to the lepidopteran oribatid mite species in each community. B, C, D, The difference of oribatid mites diversity between site A and site B. Boxes and whiskers represent the data distribution about the median, filled circles represent extreme values.

图3 不同树种组成森林样地中甲螨群落的季节动态变化。不同小写字母表示不同季节间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Seasonal dynamics of oribatid mite communities in different type forest. Different lower case letters showed significant difference among four seasons at the 0.05 level.

图4 不同树种组成森林样地中甲螨垂直分布的季节动态变化。图中不同小写字母表示不同组间差异显著(P < 0.05); Upper为0-10 cm土层, Lower为10-20 cm土层。

Fig. 4 Seasonal vertical distribution of oribatid mites in different type forest. Different letters showed significant difference among four seasons at the 0.05 level. Upper represent the 0-10 cm soil layer, and Lower was the 10-20 cm soil layer.

图5 土壤螨类多度与环境因子间相关关系的Pearson检验, 及A、B样地间甲螨群落和环境因子的Mantel检验。

Fig. 5 Pearson correlation analysis of the abundance of oribatid mites and environmental factors, and Mantel test of oribatid mites community and environmental factors in site A and site B. CWM_CN, Community weighted mean C/N ratio; CWM_NP, Community weighted mean N/P ratio; CWM_CP, Community weighted mean C/P ratio; CWM_Ca, Community weighted mean calcium content; CWM_M, Community weighted mean lignin content; S_Temp, Soil temperature; S_Humi, Soil humidity; S_LT, Soil litter thickness; S_Ca, Soil calcium content; S_pH, Soil pH value; S_NP, Soil N/P ratio; S_CP, Soil C/P ratio; S_CN, Soil C/N ratio.

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