生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 269-276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019102
所属专题： 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
宋垚彬1#,徐力1#,段俊鹏1,张卫军1,申屠晓露1,李天翔1,臧润国2,董鸣1,3,*(
)
收稿日期:2019-03-28
接受日期:2019-06-10
出版日期:2020-03-20
发布日期:2019-10-16
通讯作者:
董鸣
基金资助:
Yaobin Song1#,Li Xu1#,Junpeng Duan1,Weijun Zhang1,Xiaolu Shentu1,Tianxiang Li1,Runguo Zang2,Ming Dong1,3,*()
Received:2019-03-28
Accepted:2019-06-10
Online:2020-03-20
Published:2019-10-16
Contact:
Ming Dong
摘要：
雌雄异株植物种群具有性比和雌雄个体空间分布格局, 这对个体成功繁殖、种群生存潜力、天然更新能力和遗传多样性的维持都是重要的, 对于珍稀濒危雌雄异株植物种群尤其如此。密叶红豆杉(Taxus fuana)为国家I级重点保护植物, 是首批列入《全国极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程规划》的120种极小种群野生植物之一, 具有重要的生态和经济价值。但目前关于密叶红豆杉种群生态学方面的研究, 尤其是性比结构与空间分布格局在国内外鲜有报道。本文对西藏吉隆地区的6个天然密叶红豆杉种群(吉普、多甫、朗久、吉隆、开热和唐蕃)进行了实地调查, 研究其性比结构及其空间分布格局。结果表明, 调查的6个种群中总计雄株1,651株, 雌株1,231株, 仅吉普(雄/雌 = 1.89)与吉隆(雄/雌 = 1.39)两个种群有显著的性别偏倚现象且显著偏雄性(P < 0.001)。6个种群雌雄植株间的空间相关性不强, 整体趋于相互独立。不同径级间, 吉隆和开热种群的性比格局相似, 均在小径级上性比显著偏雄性, 而吉普种群则在中等径级上显著偏雄性。综上, 不同密叶红豆杉种群的大小、性比、雌雄个体的大小级结构以及空间分布格局等均表现出不同。因此, 需要结合各个种群本身的发展动态、受干扰的类型以及各区域环境因子的差异进行有针对性的保护。
宋垚彬, 徐力, 段俊鹏, 张卫军, 申屠晓露, 李天翔, 臧润国, 董鸣 (2020) 西藏极小种群野生植物密叶红豆杉种群的性比及雌雄空间格局. 生物多样性, 28, 269-276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019102.
Yaobin Song, Li Xu, Junpeng Duan, Weijun Zhang, Xiaolu Shentu, Tianxiang Li, Runguo Zang, Ming Dong (2020) Sex ratio and spatial pattern of Taxus fuana, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 28, 269-276. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019102.
| 种群名称 Population | 经纬度 Locality | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 种群面积 Population area (m × m) | 种群数量 Population size (ind.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 吉普 Jipu | 85.33° E, 28.37° N | 2,650-2,780 | 1,600 × 300 | ~3,000 |
| 多甫 Duofu | 85.31° E, 28.39° N | 2,737-2,875 | 250 × 70 | 95 |
| 朗久 Langjiu | 85.36° E, 28.40° N | 2,810-2,865 | 250 × 80 | 63 |
| 吉隆 Jilong | 85.33° E, 28.40° N | 2,910-3,150 | 750 × 550 | 2,534 |
| 开热 Kaire | 85.22° E, 28.47° N | 3,140-3,170 | 800 × 160 | 1,766 |
| 唐蕃 Tangbo | 85.22° E, 28.48° N | 3,200 | 60 × 45 | 64 |
表1 密叶红豆杉种群概况
Table 1 General information of Taxus fuana populations
| 种群名称 Population | 经纬度 Locality | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 种群面积 Population area (m × m) | 种群数量 Population size (ind.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 吉普 Jipu | 85.33° E, 28.37° N | 2,650-2,780 | 1,600 × 300 | ~3,000 |
| 多甫 Duofu | 85.31° E, 28.39° N | 2,737-2,875 | 250 × 70 | 95 |
| 朗久 Langjiu | 85.36° E, 28.40° N | 2,810-2,865 | 250 × 80 | 63 |
| 吉隆 Jilong | 85.33° E, 28.40° N | 2,910-3,150 | 750 × 550 | 2,534 |
| 开热 Kaire | 85.22° E, 28.47° N | 3,140-3,170 | 800 × 160 | 1,766 |
| 唐蕃 Tangbo | 85.22° E, 28.48° N | 3,200 | 60 × 45 | 64 |
图1 密叶红豆杉种群大小级结构(S1-S7代表不同大小径级)
Fig. 1 The size structure of six populations of Taxus fuana (S1 to S7 are different size structure)
| 种群 Population | 雄株 Male (N) | 雌株 Female (N) | 性比(雄/雌) Sex ratio | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 吉普 Jipu | 350 | 185 | 1.89 | <0.001 |
| 多甫 Duofu | 18 | 11 | 1.64 | 0.502 |
| 朗久 Langjiu | 19 | 27 | 0.70 | 0.530 |
| 吉隆 Jilong | 620 | 445 | 1.39 | <0.001 |
| 开热 Kaire | 609 | 545 | 1.12 | 0.197 |
| 唐蕃 Tangbo | 35 | 18 | 1.94 | 0.138 |
| 总计 Total | 1,651 | 1,231 | 1.34 | <0.001 |
表2 密叶红豆杉种群性比
Table 2 The sex ratio of six populations of Taxus fuana
| 种群 Population | 雄株 Male (N) | 雌株 Female (N) | 性比(雄/雌) Sex ratio | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 吉普 Jipu | 350 | 185 | 1.89 | <0.001 |
| 多甫 Duofu | 18 | 11 | 1.64 | 0.502 |
| 朗久 Langjiu | 19 | 27 | 0.70 | 0.530 |
| 吉隆 Jilong | 620 | 445 | 1.39 | <0.001 |
| 开热 Kaire | 609 | 545 | 1.12 | 0.197 |
| 唐蕃 Tangbo | 35 | 18 | 1.94 | 0.138 |
| 总计 Total | 1,651 | 1,231 | 1.34 | <0.001 |
图2 密叶红豆杉种群不同径级的性比格局。 *, **和***分别表示性比在P < 0.05, P < 0.01和P < 0.001下显著偏离1 : 1; ns表示性比不显著(P ≥ 0.05)偏离1 : 1。
Fig. 2 Sex ratios for different size structure of basal diameter in Taxus fuana populations. The numbers on the bar indicate sex ratio of each size structure of each population. *, ** and *** indicate sex ratio significantly differ from 1 : 1 at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively; ns indicates sex ratio does not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) differ from 1 : 1 (c2 test).
图3 密叶红豆杉种群雌雄植株间的空间关联。实线为g(r)值, 虚线为99%置信区间。
Fig. 3 Spatial associations between male and female plants of Taxus fuana populations. The solid and dashed lines are g(r) values and 99% confidence envelopes, respectively.
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