小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性空间分布格局

doi:10.17520/biods.2022292

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22292. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022292

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性空间分布格局

孙佳欢¹^,², 刘冬³, 朱家祺¹^,², 张书宁¹^,², 高梅香¹^,²^,^*()

1.宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系, 浙江宁波 315211
2.宁波市高等学校协同创新中心“宁波陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心”, 浙江宁波 315211
3.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102

收稿日期:2022-05-27 接受日期:2022-08-18 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-11-05
通讯作者: *E-mail: gaomeixiang@nbu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42271051);国家自然科学基金(41871042);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGN22D010006);宁波市自然科学基金(2021J129)

Spatial distribution pattern of soil mite community and body size in wheat- maize rotation farmland

Jiahuan Sun¹^,², Dong Liu³, Jiaqi Zhu¹^,², Shuning Zhang¹^,², Meixiang Gao¹^,²^,^*()

1. Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211
2. Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211
3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102

Received:2022-05-27 Accepted:2022-08-18 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-11-05
Contact: *E-mail: gaomeixiang@nbu.edu.cn

1. 附录1 不同空间尺度下各群落和优势种空间分布的Moran’s I指数.pdf(420KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以农田土壤动物长期监测样地为平台, 阐明土壤动物物种和功能多样性空间分布格局, 是揭示农田土壤动物多样性维持机制、提高农田土壤质量的重要基础。本试验于2020年10月, 对河南商丘农田土壤动物大型固定样地(9 ha)的210个采样点进行土壤样品野外采集和室内分离, 将土壤螨样品鉴定到种并测量其体长体宽数据, 以说明小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性及其体长体宽的空间分布格局。结果表明: (1)共捕获成螨个体17,256头, 其中甲螨亚目为优势类群, 其个体数占总捕获量的94.67%; MGP分析表明样地甲螨群落属于P型, 说明受人为因素影响强烈; 生态位宽度和重叠度分析表明, 进化程度越高甲螨的生态位宽度越宽, 进化程度越相近甲螨之间的竞争越激烈。(2) Moran’s I分析显示, 在20-100 m的空间尺度上, 土壤螨群落、优势种的个体数和体长体宽多为显著正相关; 在220-300 m的空间尺度上, 部分为显著负的空间自相关。半方差函数结果表明, 甲螨群落物种数、个体数和体长体宽的空间变异主要受确定性过程影响, 中气门螨群落的空间变异由确定性和随机性过程共同影响。(3)土壤螨个体数与体长体宽存在显著弱的负相关关系, 这种关系普遍存在于土壤螨各群落与优势种中。本研究建议同时开展物种多样性和以体长体宽为代表的功能多样性空间格局研究, 对揭示土壤螨群落维持机制、保护土壤螨多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 小麦-玉米轮作, 土壤螨, 多样性, 体长, 体宽, 空间格局

Abstract

Aims: Using an agricultural soil permanent plot, we wanted to reveal the spatial distribution patterns of soil organisms and functional diversity, as these are important metrics for maintaining soil organism diversity and improving agricultural soil quality.
Methods: In October 2020, 210 soil samples were collected from a large permanent farmland soil plot (9 ha) in Shangqiu, Henan Province. Soil mites were extracted by Tullgren’s funnel method in the laboratory. The soil mites were identified to species and their body length and width were measured to illustrate both the spatial distribution pattern of species diversity as well as body size of soil mites in wheat-maize rotation farmland.
Results: (1) A total of 17,256 adult mite individuals were captured, of which oribatid mites were the dominant group (94.67%). Results of MGP analysis showed that the oribatid mite community belonged to P-type, indicating that it was strongly affected by human factors. Niche breadth and overlap analysis showed that for higher degrees of evolution, niche width of oribatid mites increased, and for closer degrees of evolution, oribatid mites experienced greater competition. (2) Values of Moran’s I index showed that from 20 m to 100 m, the individuals of dominant soil mite community were significantly positively correlated with body length and body width; yet from 220 m to 300 m, individuals of soil mite community and four dominant species had a negative spatial autocorrelation. A semi-variance function showed that the spatial variation of species, individual number, body length and width of oribatid mites were mainly affected by deterministic processes, while the spatial variation of mesostigmatid mites was affected by both deterministic and stochastic processes. (3) There was a weak negative correlation between the individual number of soil mites and body length and body width, which generally exists in each community and dominant species of soil mites.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the spatial pattern of species and functional diversity represented by mite body length and width should be considered when evaluating maintenance mechanisms of soil mite community and for protecting the diversity of soil mites.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation, soil mites, diversity, body length, body width, spatial pattern

孙佳欢, 刘冬, 朱家祺, 张书宁, 高梅香 (2022) 小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性空间分布格局. 生物多样性, 30, 22292. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022292.

Jiahuan Sun, Dong Liu, Jiaqi Zhu, Shuning Zhang, Meixiang Gao (2022) Spatial distribution pattern of soil mite community and body size in wheat- maize rotation farmland. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22292. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022292.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022292

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22292

图/表 15

图1 商丘农田土壤动物长期监测样地采样点示意图。图中空心圆为采样点; 实心点为样地内水井位置。

Fig. 1 Sampling point of long-term monitoring sample plot of farmland soil animals in Shangqiu, Henan. The hollow circle in the figure is the sampling point, the black spot is the location of the water well in the sample plot.

表1 甲螨群落大类划分

Table 1 Classification of oribatid mite community

群落类型 Community type	甲螨各群落百分比 Percentage of oribatid mite groups
M型 M type	M > 50%
G型 G type	G > 50%
P型 P type	P > 50%
O型 O type	20% < M < 50% & 20% < G < 50% & 20% < P < 50%
MG型 MG type	M, G = 20%-50% & P < 20%
GP型 GP type	G, P = 20%-50% & M < 20%
MP型 MP type	M, P = 20%-50% & G < 20%

图2 各群落物种稀释度曲线

Fig. 2 Species dilution curve of each community

表2 土壤螨各物种名称、数量及其在大样地中的空间变异

Table 2 Species name and number of soil mite and spatial variation of each species in sample area

中文名 Chinese species name	拉丁名 Latin species name	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	Raunkiaer频度 Raunkiaer frequency	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
非凡点肋甲螨	Punctoribates insignis	2,520	14.60	0.84E	1.424
缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种	Scheloribates fimbriatus javensis	4,021	23.30	0.86E	1.701
截合若甲螨	Zygoribatula truncata	273	1.58	0.32B	2.962
尼兰桂奥甲螨	Lauroppia neerlandica	3,653	21.17	0.81E	1.635
阿纳懒甲螨	Nothrus anauniensis	343	1.99	0.28B	2.419
土库曼罗甲螨	Lohmannia turcmenica	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
覆盖头甲螨	Tectocepheus velatus	397	2.30	0.53C	1.629
圆上罗甲螨	Epilohmannia ovata	1,252	7.26	0.61D	2.008
四川长单翼甲螨	Protoribates sichuanensis	948	5.49	0.49C	1.992
头长单翼甲螨	Protoribates capucinus	2,922	16.93	0.81E	1.838
斜孔全大翼甲螨	Pergalumna altera	1	0.01	0.00A	14.213
姬端三甲螨	Acrotritia ardua	4	0.02	0.01A	8.667
前气门未定种1	Prostigmata sp. 1	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053
前气门未定种2	Prostigmata sp. 2	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
中气门未定种1	Mesostigmata sp. 1	93	0.54	0.29B	1.975
中气门未定种2	Mesostigmata sp. 2	10	0.06	0.05A	4.393
中气门未定种3	Mesostigmata sp. 3	40	0.23	0.13A	2.896
中气门未定种4	Mesostigmata sp. 4	405	2.35	0.37B	2.586
中气门未定种5	Mesostigmata sp. 5	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
中气门未定种6	Mesostigmata sp. 6	2	0.01	0.00A	14.213
中气门未定种7	Mesostigmata sp. 7	154	0.89	0.18A	4.222
中气门未定种8	Mesostigmata sp. 8	119	0.69	0.24B	2.669
中气门未定种9	Mesostigmata sp. 9	12	0.07	0.04A	5.214
中气门未定种10	Mesostigmata sp. 10	52	0.30	0.18A	2.490
中气门未定种11	Mesostigmata sp. 11	12	0.07	0.05A	4.642
中气门未定种12	Mesostigmata sp. 12	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053
中气门未定种13	Mesostigmata sp. 13	5	0.03	0.01A	9.374
中气门未定种14	Mesostigmata sp. 14	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053

表2 土壤螨各物种名称、数量及其在大样地中的空间变异

Table 2 Species name and number of soil mite and spatial variation of each species in sample area

中文名 Chinese species name	拉丁名 Latin species name	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	Raunkiaer频度 Raunkiaer frequency	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
非凡点肋甲螨	Punctoribates insignis	2,520	14.60	0.84E	1.424
缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种	Scheloribates fimbriatus javensis	4,021	23.30	0.86E	1.701
截合若甲螨	Zygoribatula truncata	273	1.58	0.32B	2.962
尼兰桂奥甲螨	Lauroppia neerlandica	3,653	21.17	0.81E	1.635
阿纳懒甲螨	Nothrus anauniensis	343	1.99	0.28B	2.419
土库曼罗甲螨	Lohmannia turcmenica	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
覆盖头甲螨	Tectocepheus velatus	397	2.30	0.53C	1.629
圆上罗甲螨	Epilohmannia ovata	1,252	7.26	0.61D	2.008
四川长单翼甲螨	Protoribates sichuanensis	948	5.49	0.49C	1.992
头长单翼甲螨	Protoribates capucinus	2,922	16.93	0.81E	1.838
斜孔全大翼甲螨	Pergalumna altera	1	0.01	0.00A	14.213
姬端三甲螨	Acrotritia ardua	4	0.02	0.01A	8.667
前气门未定种1	Prostigmata sp. 1	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053
前气门未定种2	Prostigmata sp. 2	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
中气门未定种1	Mesostigmata sp. 1	93	0.54	0.29B	1.975
中气门未定种2	Mesostigmata sp. 2	10	0.06	0.05A	4.393
中气门未定种3	Mesostigmata sp. 3	40	0.23	0.13A	2.896
中气门未定种4	Mesostigmata sp. 4	405	2.35	0.37B	2.586
中气门未定种5	Mesostigmata sp. 5	2	0.01	0.01A	10.025
中气门未定种6	Mesostigmata sp. 6	2	0.01	0.00A	14.213
中气门未定种7	Mesostigmata sp. 7	154	0.89	0.18A	4.222
中气门未定种8	Mesostigmata sp. 8	119	0.69	0.24B	2.669
中气门未定种9	Mesostigmata sp. 9	12	0.07	0.04A	5.214
中气门未定种10	Mesostigmata sp. 10	52	0.30	0.18A	2.490
中气门未定种11	Mesostigmata sp. 11	12	0.07	0.05A	4.642
中气门未定种12	Mesostigmata sp. 12	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053
中气门未定种13	Mesostigmata sp. 13	5	0.03	0.01A	9.374
中气门未定种14	Mesostigmata sp. 14	4	0.02	0.02A	7.053

表3 各大类(M、G、P型)土壤甲螨群落生态位宽度指数

Table 3 Niche breadth index of different oribatida types

甲螨大类 Oribatid mite group	生态位宽度指数 Niche breadth index
M型甲螨 M type	4.35
阿纳懒甲螨 Nothrus anauniensis	3.66
圆上罗甲螨 Epilohmannia ovata	4.15
G型甲螨 G type	4.54
截合若甲螨 Zygoribatula truncata	3.60
尼兰桂奥甲螨 Lauroppia neerlandica	4.40
覆盖头甲螨 Tectocepheus velatus	4.30
P型甲螨 P type	4.74
非凡点肋甲螨 Punctoribates insignis	4.60
缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种 Scheloribates fimbriatus javensis	4.46
四川长单翼甲螨 Protoribates sichuanensis	4.06
头长单翼甲螨 Protoribates capucinus	4.52

表4 土壤螨各优势种之间的生态位重叠指数。sp1: 非凡点肋甲螨; sp2: 缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种; sp3: 截合若甲螨; sp4: 尼兰桂奥甲螨; sp6: 阿纳懒甲螨; sp8: 覆盖头甲螨; sp10: 圆上罗甲螨; sp11: 四川长单翼甲螨; sp12: 头长单翼甲螨; ZS: 个体数。

Table 4 Niche overlap index between dominant mite species. sp1, Punctoribates insignis; sp2, Schelaribates fimbriatus javensis; sp3, Zygoribatula truncata; sp4, Lauroppia neerlandica; sp6, Nothrus anauniensis; sp8, Tectocepheus velatus; sp10, Epilohmannia ovata; sp11, Protoribates sichuanensis; sp12, Protoribates capucinus; ZS, Number of individuals.

	sp1.ZS	sp2.ZS	sp3.ZS	sp4.ZS	sp6.ZS	sp8.ZS	sp10.ZS	sp11.ZS	sp12.ZS
sp1.ZS	1	0.672	0.199	0.527	0.256	0.622	0.255	0.272	0.365
sp2.ZS		1	0.254	0.494	0.327	0.627	0.373	0.184	0.421
sp3.ZS			1	0.338	0.121	0.330	0.432	0.278	0.510
sp4.ZS				1	0.345	0.568	0.485	0.240	0.510
sp6.ZS					1	0.301	0.295	0.086	0.200
sp8.ZS						1	0.381	0.226	0.459
sp10.ZS							1	0.140	0.594
sp11.ZS								1	0.287
sp12.ZS									1

图3 样地内土壤螨各群落(a)和各优势种(b)的体长体宽。CM: 成螨总体; JM: 甲螨亚目; ZQ: 中气门螨亚目; C: 体长; K: 体宽; sp1: 非凡点肋甲螨; sp2: 缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种; sp4: 尼兰桂奥甲螨; sp12: 头长单翼甲螨。

Fig. 3 Body length and width of each community (a) and dominant species (b) of soil mite in the sample plot. CM, Adult mite population; JM, Oribatida; ZQ, Mesophylla; C, Body length; K, Body width; sp1, Punctoribates insignis; sp2, Schelaribates fimbriatus javensis; sp4, Lauropia neerlandica; sp12, Protorabites capucinus.

图4 物种数量与体长体宽的相关性分析。红框区域展示了土壤螨各群落及优势种个体数与其相对应的体长体宽的相关性。右侧的柱子表示各指标之间相关性系数的正负和强弱。CM: 成螨总体; JM: 甲螨亚目; ZQ: 中气门螨亚目; ZS: 个体数; W: 物种数; C: 体长; K: 体宽; M: M型甲螨; G: G型甲螨; P: P型甲螨; sp1: 非凡点肋甲螨; sp2: 缨菌甲螨爪哇亚种; sp4: 尼兰桂奥甲螨; sp12: 头长单翼甲螨。

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis between species number and body length and width. The red box area shows the correlation between the individual number of each community and dominant species of soil mites and their corresponding body length and width. The column on the right shows the positive and negative correlation coefficients and the strength of each index. CM, Adult mite population; JM, Oribatida; ZQ, Mesophylla; ZS, Number of individuals; W, Number of species; C, Body length; K, Body width; M, M type oribatida; G, G type oribatida; P, P type oribatida; sp1, Punctoribates insignis; sp2, Schelaribates fimbriatus javensis; sp4, Lauropia neerlandica; sp12, Protorabites capucinus.

表5 各群落个体数与体长体宽的关系。ZS: 个体数, 其余标签注释见图3。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。

Table 5 Relationship between individual number and body length and width of each community. ZS, Number of individuals. See Fig. 3 for remaining code note. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

	CM_ZS	JM_ZS	ZS_ZS
CM_C	-0.174^*	-0.194^**	0.128
CM_K	-0.101	-0.121	0.159^*
JM_C	-0.252^**	-0.259^**	-0.045
JM_K	-0.203^**	-0.203^**	-0.094
ZQ_C	-0.105	-0.110	0.015
ZQ_K	-0.110	-0.132	0.180^*

表6 各优势种个体数与体长体宽的关系。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。标签注释见图4。

Table 6 Relationship between individual number and body length and width of each community. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. See Fig. 4 for code note.

	sp1.ZS	sp2.ZS	sp4.ZS	sp12.ZS
sp1.K	-0.132	-0.208^**	-0.061	-0.142
sp2.C	-0.306^**	-0.312^**	-0.130	-0.039
sp2.K	-0.120	-0.105	-0.120	0.028
sp4.C	-0.213^**	-0.199^**	-0.039	-0.127
sp4.K	-0.250^**	-0.263^**	-0.067	-0.197^*
sp12.C	-0.230^**	-0.330^**	-0.074	-0.071
sp12.K	-0.198^**	-0.322^**	-0.099	-0.046

图5 土壤螨群落个体数量及体长的Moran’s I系数。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。代码注释见图4。

Fig. 5 Moran’s I coefficient of individual number and body length of mite community. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. See Fig. 4 for code notes.

图6 土壤螨优势种个体数量及体长的Moran’s I系数。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。代码注释见图4。

Fig. 6 Moran’s I coefficient of individual number and body length of dominant species of mites. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. See Fig. 4 for code notes.

图7 土壤螨各群落克里格插值图。代码注释见图4。

Fig. 7 Kriging interpolation map of soil mite communities. See Fig. 4 for code note.

表7 各群落和优势种半方差函数理论模型和空间异质性参数(代码注释见图4)。sph、gau和ste分别为球状模型、高斯模型和Stein’s parameterization模型。

Table 7 Theoretical models of semi-variance functions and spatial heterogeneity parameters for each community and dominant species (see Fig. 4 for code notes). sph, Spherical model; gau, Gaussian model; ste, Stein’s parameterization model.

类型 Type	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+ C)	变程 Range A₀(m)	结构比 Structure ratio [C/(C₀+ C)]
CM_C	ste	0.00	0.01	13.00	1.00
CM_K	ste	0.01	0.02	48.00	0.50
JM_C	ste	0.00	0.01	13.00	1.00
JM_K	ste	0.00	0.02	12.00	1.00
ZQ_C	ste	0.02	0.02	242.00	0.00
ZQ_K	ste	0.03	0.04	120.00	0.25
sp1.C	gau	0.00	0.00	11.00	0.00
sp1.K	gau	0.00	0.01	11.00	1.00
sp2.C	sph	0.00	0.00	7.70	0.00
sp2.K	sph	0.00	0.01	28.00	1.00
sp4.C	ste	0.00	0.01	6.70	1.00
sp4.K	sph	0.01	0.02	30.00	0.50
sp12.C	ste	0.00	0.00	20.00	0.00
sp12.K	sph	0.01	0.01	40.00	0.00
CM_ZS	ste	0.20	1.10	24.00	0.82
JM_ZS	ste	0.05	1.10	20.00	0.95
ZQ_ZS	ste	0.76	1.10	137.00	0.31
sp1.ZS	gau	0.00	1.40	16.00	1.00
sp2.ZS	ste	0.18	1.70	30.00	0.89
sp4.ZS	sph	0.40	2.00	31.00	0.80
sp12.ZS	ste	0.45	1.60	29.00	0.72
CM_W	ste	0.01	0.11	21.00	0.91
JM_W	ste	0.00	0.07	22.00	1.00
ZQ_W	ste	0.16	0.36	32.00	0.56
M_JM	ste	0.00	1.50	51.00	1.00
G_JM	ste	0.00	1.60	14.00	1.00
P_JM	ste	0.00	2.20	25.00	1.00
M_C	ste	0.00	0.04	12.00	1.00
M_K	ste	0.00	0.05	15.00	1.00
G_C	ste	0.00	0.01	9.60	1.00
G_K	ste	0.00	0.02	14.00	1.00
P_C	sph	0.01	0.01	19.00	0.00
P_K	gau	0.01	0.01	11.00	0.00

图8 土壤螨优势种各指标克里格插值图。代码注释见图4。

Fig. 8 Kriging interpolation diagram of indicators of dominant species of soil mites. See Fig. 4 for code notes.

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小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性空间分布格局

Spatial distribution pattern of soil mite community and body size in wheat- maize rotation farmland

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