连江浮游动物多样性的空间分布

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

修建水坝极大地影响了水体的自净能力, 对渔业资源和水生生物多样性造成了严重影响。为分析人为建坝对浮游动物群落结构的影响, 作者于2007年10月开展了针对连江12个梯级水坝影响江段的大规模的水生态调查, 分析了12个代表样点浮游动物各大类群的种类分布和优势种的组成, 以及浮游动物丰度、生物量和多样性指数的空间分布, 探讨了浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系。调查分别记录到原生动物、轮虫类、枝角类及桡足类19、25、17及15种, S2-S4采样点种类数最多, S5采样点最少。连江浮游动物的优势种有21种, 其中原生动物5种, 轮虫类9种, 枝角类和桡足类分别为4种和3种, 代表种类有多态喇叭虫(Stentor polymorphrus)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)及胸饰外剑水蚤(Ectocyclops phaleratus)等。浮游动物的种群丰度在921.00-2,160.35 ind./L范围内波动, S5采样点最高, S1采样点最低; 生物量在0.198-0.699 mg/L范围内波动, S5采样点最高, S1采样点最低。浮游动物各大类群的Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数基本呈现上游较高、中下游较低的分布特征。PCA分析表明: 连江浮游动物群落与氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、pH和透明度等环境因素显著相关。由此可见, 连江梯级开发形成的不同生境中营养盐等诸多因素的显著差异是影响浮游动物多样性空间分布的重要原因。

关键词: 水坝, 浮游动物, 优势种, 丰度, 生物量, 群落结构, 空间分布

Abstract

Twelve dams have been built along the Lianjiang River, the largest tributary of the Beijiang River in Guangdong Province, China. To understand the spatial distribution of zooplankton diversity developing after the establishment of these dams and cascades, and also the effects that these dams have had on zooplankton community structure, a study was conducted on the aquatic ecosystem in October 2007. Twelve sampling sites (S1-S12) along the main stream of Lianjiang River were established to study the composition of different groups of zooplankton and dominant species, the spatial distribution of abundance, biomass, diversity index of zooplankton as well as the zooplankton community, and relationships with environmental factors. Records showed that there were 76 species of zooplankton, which included 19 species of protozoa, 25 species of rotifer, 17 species of cladocera and 15 species of copepoda. Species numbers of zooplankton were greatest in sites S2 to S4, and lowest in S5. The dominant species were Stentor polymorphrus, Brachionus calyciflorus, Bosmina longirostris and Ectocyclops phaleratus, and significant differences in the distribution of dominant species existed between sampling points. Abundance of zooplankton fluctuated between 921.00 and 2,160.35 individuals/L, with highest abundance occurring in S5 and lowest in S1. Biomass of zooplankton fluctuated between 0.198 and 0.699 mg/L, with the highest value occurring in S5 and the lowest in S1. Generally, the values of Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou Evenness index of different zooplankton groups showed higher in upstream and lower in middle and downstream. PCA analysis showed a significant association between zooplankton community and environmental factors such as ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, pH and transparence. We concluded that significant differences in ecological factors between habitats, such as nutrients, caused by cascade development, were the key factors determining the spatial distribution of zooplankton diversity in the Lianjiang river.

Key words: dam, zooplankton, dominant species, abundance, biomass, community structure, spatial pattern

高原, 赖子尼, 李捷, 王超, 曾艳艺, 刘乾甫, 杨婉玲 (2013) 连江浮游动物多样性的空间分布. 生物多样性, 21, 699-708. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10082.

Yuan Gao,Zini Lai,Jie Li,Chao Wang,Yanyi Zeng,Qianfu Liu,Wanling Yang (2013) Spatial pattern of zooplankton diversity in Lianjiang River, Guangdong Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 699-708. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10082.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10082

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I6/699

图/表 10

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	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11
S2	0.26
S3	0.31	0.38
S4	0.26	0.38	0.43
S5	0.18	0.30	0.32	0.35
S6	0.22	0.33	0.37	0.40	0.31
S7	0.26	0.31	0.44	0.41	0.39	0.37
S8	0.23	0.41	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.49	0.50
S9	0.22	0.25	0.38	0.38	0.45	0.38	0.50	0.47
S10	0.20	0.29	0.35	0.46	0.46	0.32	0.47	0.44	0.53
S11	0.18	0.30	0.30	0.27	0.30	0.33	0.38	0.28	0.42	0.39
S12	0.19	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.41	0.28	0.35	0.32	0.48	0.45	0.72

	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11
S2	0.26
S3	0.31	0.38
S4	0.26	0.38	0.43
S5	0.18	0.30	0.32	0.35
S6	0.22	0.33	0.37	0.40	0.31
S7	0.26	0.31	0.44	0.41	0.39	0.37
S8	0.23	0.41	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.49	0.50
S9	0.22	0.25	0.38	0.38	0.45	0.38	0.50	0.47
S10	0.20	0.29	0.35	0.46	0.46	0.32	0.47	0.44	0.53
S11	0.18	0.30	0.30	0.27	0.30	0.33	0.38	0.28	0.42	0.39
S12	0.19	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.41	0.28	0.35	0.32	0.48	0.45	0.72

优势种 Dominant species	优势度 Dominance
原生动物 Protozoa
多态喇叭虫 Stentor polymorphrus	0.209
旋回侠盗虫 Strobilidium gyrans	0.206
王氏似铃壳虫 Tintinnopsis wangi	0.071
腔裸口虫 Holophrya atra	0.026
大草履虫 Paramecium caudatum	0.025
轮虫类 Rotatoria
萼花臂尾轮虫 Brachionus calyciflorus	0.252
针簇多肢轮虫 Polyarthra trigla	0.142
螺形龟甲轮虫 Keratella cochlearis	0.117
镰状臂尾轮虫 Brachionus falcatus	0.049
角突臂尾轮虫 B. angularis	0.040
长足轮虫 Rotaria neptunia	0.039
十指平甲轮虫 Platyias militaris	0.039
浦达臂尾轮虫 Brachionus budapestiensis	0.026
裂足臂尾轮虫 B. diversicornis	0.025
枝角类 Cladocera
长额象鼻溞 Bosmina longirostris	0.145
多刺裸腹溞 Moina macrocopa	0.046
脆弱象鼻溞 Bosmina fatalis	0.039
圆形盘肠溞 Chydorus sphaericus	0.020
桡足类 Copepoda
胸饰外剑水蚤 Ectocyclops phaleratus	0.087
汤匙华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus dorrii	0.042
模式有爪猛水蚤 Onychocamptus mohammed	0.029

优势种 Dominant species	优势度 Dominance
原生动物 Protozoa
多态喇叭虫 Stentor polymorphrus	0.209
旋回侠盗虫 Strobilidium gyrans	0.206
王氏似铃壳虫 Tintinnopsis wangi	0.071
腔裸口虫 Holophrya atra	0.026
大草履虫 Paramecium caudatum	0.025
轮虫类 Rotatoria
萼花臂尾轮虫 Brachionus calyciflorus	0.252
针簇多肢轮虫 Polyarthra trigla	0.142
螺形龟甲轮虫 Keratella cochlearis	0.117
镰状臂尾轮虫 Brachionus falcatus	0.049
角突臂尾轮虫 B. angularis	0.040
长足轮虫 Rotaria neptunia	0.039
十指平甲轮虫 Platyias militaris	0.039
浦达臂尾轮虫 Brachionus budapestiensis	0.026
裂足臂尾轮虫 B. diversicornis	0.025
枝角类 Cladocera
长额象鼻溞 Bosmina longirostris	0.145
多刺裸腹溞 Moina macrocopa	0.046
脆弱象鼻溞 Bosmina fatalis	0.039
圆形盘肠溞 Chydorus sphaericus	0.020
桡足类 Copepoda
胸饰外剑水蚤 Ectocyclops phaleratus	0.087
汤匙华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus dorrii	0.042
模式有爪猛水蚤 Onychocamptus mohammed	0.029

	SPAX1	SPAX2	SPAX3	SPAX4	ENAX1	ENAX2	ENAX3	ENAX4
SPAX2	0
SPAX3	0	0
SPAX4	0	0	0
ENAX1	0.97	0.02	-0.05	-0.13
ENAX2	0.02	0.68	0.13	0.06	0.02
ENAX3	-0.04	0.09	0.97	-0.15	-0.05	0.13
ENAX4	-0.16	0.05	-0.18	0.78	-0.16	0.07	-0.19
透明度 Transparence	-0.39	0.17	0.12	-0.34	-0.41	0.24	0.13	-0.43
pH	-0.43	0.15	0.81	-0.04	-0.44	0.22	0.84	-0.05
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	-0.30	-0.10	0.43	-0.10	-0.31	-0.15	0.45	-0.12
总磷 Total phosphorus	-0.13	0.02	-0.31	0.31	-0.14	0.02	-0.32	0.39
总氮 Total nitrogen	0.20	0.23	0.31	0.50	0.21	0.34	0.32	0.64
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen	0.72	-0.17	0.26	-0.23	0.74	-0.24	0.27	-0.30
高锰酸盐指数 Permanganate index	0.39	-0.17	0.04	0.02	0.40	-0.25	0.04	0.03
硅酸盐 Silicate	-0.02	0.17	0.12	0.57	-0.02	0.25	0.12	0.74
	透明度 Transparence	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	总磷 Total phosphorus	总氮 Total nitrogen	氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen	高锰酸盐指数 Permanganate index
透明度 Transparence
pH	0.42
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	0.64	0.63
总磷 Total phosphorus	-0.50	-0.16	-0.58
总氮 Total nitrogen	-0.30	0.36	0.16	0.13
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen	-0.25	-0.17	-0.10	-0.50	0.01
高锰酸盐指数 Permanganate index	-0.58	-0.36	-0.17	0.05	-0.01	0.18
硅酸盐 Silicate	-0.39	0.05	-0.31	0.39	0.42	-0.08	0.16