生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 643-653. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11053
葛结林1,2, 熊高明1, 邓龙强3, 赵常明1, 申国珍1, 谢宗强1,*()
收稿日期:
2012-02-12
接受日期:
2012-08-26
出版日期:
2012-11-20
发布日期:
2013-01-04
通讯作者:
谢宗强
作者简介:
* E-mail: xie@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Jielin Ge1,2, Gaoming Xiong1, Longqiang Deng3, Changming Zhao1, Guozhen Shen1, Zongqiang Xie1,*()
Received:
2012-02-12
Accepted:
2012-08-26
Online:
2012-11-20
Published:
2013-01-04
Contact:
Zongqiang Xie
摘要:
常绿落叶阔叶混交林是我国北亚热带的地带性植被类型, 在神农架山地其优势类型为水青冈-青冈混交林。本研究基于对120 m×80 m的永久样地的2001、2006、2010年3次调查数据, 从物种组成、数量特征、群落结构等方面分析了神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈(Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis)混交林群落的动态特征。结果表明: 群落的物种组成变化不大, 在2001年、2006年和2010年分别为81、84和83种; 优势成分以多脉青冈、米心水青冈、粉白杜鹃(Rhododendron hypoglaucum)和灰柯(Lithocarpus henryi)为主, 但常绿树种重要值有增加的趋势; 树木生长速率有加快的趋势; 常绿树种的动态性强于落叶树种。树木数量、胸高断面积均呈现出先增加后减少的趋势; 群落的整体结构未发生较大的变化, 死亡个体的结构变化较为明显。从群落9年内的物种组成和结构变化来看, 虽然在两次调查间隔期间树木的死亡和增补格局发生变化, 雪灾对该群落可能产生了一定的影响, 但该群落的物种组成和结构总体格局未发生较大变化, 处于一种动态平衡, 对外界干扰有较强的抵抗力。
葛结林, 熊高明, 邓龙强, 赵常明, 申国珍, 谢宗强 (2012) 湖北神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林的群落动态. 生物多样性, 20, 643-653. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11053.
Jielin Ge, Gaoming Xiong, Longqiang Deng, Changming Zhao, Guozhen Shen, Zongqiang Xie (2012) Community dynamics of a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 643-653. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11053.
变量 Variable | 2001 | 2006 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|
物种数 Species richness | 81 | 84 | 83 |
树木数 Number of trees | 2,566 | 2,653 | 2,481 |
死亡数 Number of mortality | - | 42 | 328 |
增补数 Number of recruitment | - | 129 | 156 |
每年死亡率 Annual mortality (%) | - | 0.33 | 3.3 |
每年增补率 Annual recruitment (%) | - | 1.00 | 1.62 |
胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 39.26 | 42.05 | 41.85 |
损失 Loss (m2/ha) | - | 0.57 | 3.12 |
增加 Gain (m2/ha) | - | 3.36 | 2.92 |
半衰期 Half-life time (years) | - | 209.7 | 20.66 |
加倍期 Double time (years) | - | 69.67 | 43.13 |
动态系数 Dynamism (%) | - | 1.97 | 2.46 |
表1 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林不同调查时期群落特征变化
Table 1 Community dynamics of a montane evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest during 2001-2010 in Shennongjia
变量 Variable | 2001 | 2006 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|
物种数 Species richness | 81 | 84 | 83 |
树木数 Number of trees | 2,566 | 2,653 | 2,481 |
死亡数 Number of mortality | - | 42 | 328 |
增补数 Number of recruitment | - | 129 | 156 |
每年死亡率 Annual mortality (%) | - | 0.33 | 3.3 |
每年增补率 Annual recruitment (%) | - | 1.00 | 1.62 |
胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 39.26 | 42.05 | 41.85 |
损失 Loss (m2/ha) | - | 0.57 | 3.12 |
增加 Gain (m2/ha) | - | 3.36 | 2.92 |
半衰期 Half-life time (years) | - | 209.7 | 20.66 |
加倍期 Double time (years) | - | 69.67 | 43.13 |
动态系数 Dynamism (%) | - | 1.97 | 2.46 |
图1 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林2001-2010年主要科重要值变化
Fig. 1 The changes in importance value of major families during 2001-2010 in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobal- anopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia
种名 Species | 重要值 Importance value | ||
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 2006 | 2010 | |
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multiervis | 24.52 | 24.84 | 24.36 |
米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana | 9.59 | 9.39 | 9.63 |
粉白杜鹃 Rhododendron hypoglaucum | 5.74 | 5.75 | 5.69 |
灰柯 Lithocarpus henryi | 4.33 | 4.27 | 3.77 |
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis | 3.57 | 3.59 | 3.62 |
五角枫 Acer pictum subsp. mono | 3.54 | 3.45 | 3.28 |
香椿 Toona sinensis | 2.75 | 2.85 | 2.95 |
粉椴 Tilia oliveri | 2.59 | 2.57 | 2.72 |
血皮槭 Acer griseum | 2.47 | 2.48 | 2.61 |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 2.12 | 2.05 | 2.05 |
猫儿刺 Ilex pernyi | 2.06 | 2.17 | 2.56 |
卷毛梾木 Swida ulotricha | 1.57 | 1.65 | 1.62 |
短柄枹栎 Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.46 |
巴东栎 Quercus engleriana | 1.42 | 1.34 | 1.40 |
香桦 Betula insignis | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.46 |
深裂中华槭 Acer sinense var. longilobum | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.42 |
老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus | 1.28 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
领春木 Euptelea pleiospermum | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.16 |
阔蜡瓣花 Corylopsis platypetala | 1.24 | 1.29 | 1.18 |
湖北鹅耳枥 Carpinus hupeana | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.16 |
合计 Total 常绿树种 Evergreen species | 43.19 | 43.65 | 43.69 |
落叶树种 Deciduous species | 56.81 | 56.35 | 56.31 |
表2 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林主要树种重要值在2001-2010年期间的变化
Table 2 The change in importance value of the most abundant tree species in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia during 2001-2010
种名 Species | 重要值 Importance value | ||
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 2006 | 2010 | |
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multiervis | 24.52 | 24.84 | 24.36 |
米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana | 9.59 | 9.39 | 9.63 |
粉白杜鹃 Rhododendron hypoglaucum | 5.74 | 5.75 | 5.69 |
灰柯 Lithocarpus henryi | 4.33 | 4.27 | 3.77 |
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis | 3.57 | 3.59 | 3.62 |
五角枫 Acer pictum subsp. mono | 3.54 | 3.45 | 3.28 |
香椿 Toona sinensis | 2.75 | 2.85 | 2.95 |
粉椴 Tilia oliveri | 2.59 | 2.57 | 2.72 |
血皮槭 Acer griseum | 2.47 | 2.48 | 2.61 |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 2.12 | 2.05 | 2.05 |
猫儿刺 Ilex pernyi | 2.06 | 2.17 | 2.56 |
卷毛梾木 Swida ulotricha | 1.57 | 1.65 | 1.62 |
短柄枹栎 Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.46 |
巴东栎 Quercus engleriana | 1.42 | 1.34 | 1.40 |
香桦 Betula insignis | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.46 |
深裂中华槭 Acer sinense var. longilobum | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.42 |
老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus | 1.28 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
领春木 Euptelea pleiospermum | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.16 |
阔蜡瓣花 Corylopsis platypetala | 1.24 | 1.29 | 1.18 |
湖北鹅耳枥 Carpinus hupeana | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.16 |
合计 Total 常绿树种 Evergreen species | 43.19 | 43.65 | 43.69 |
落叶树种 Deciduous species | 56.81 | 56.35 | 56.31 |
图2 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林2001-2010年物种死亡和增补变化特征
Fig. 2 Changes in death and recruitment of trees in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia during 2001-2010
图3 2001-2010年神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林胸高断面积变化(A)及死亡个体中常绿树种和落叶树种比例变化(B)。■, 常绿树种; □, 落叶树种。
Fig. 3 Change in basal area in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia during 2001-2010. A, Change in basal area; B, Change in basal area caused by deaths of evergreen and deciduous species. ■, Evergreen species; □, Deciduous species.
图4 神农架山地米心水青冈- 多脉青冈混交林不同径级树木生长速率的变化 Fig. 4 The change in diameter growth rate for all individual trees in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia
2001-2006 | 2006-2010 | |
---|---|---|
平均生长速率 Average growth rate | 1.27 | 1 .48 |
最大生长速率 Maximum growth rate | 11.00 | 17.00 |
常绿树种 Evergreen tree species | 0.83 | 1.42 |
落叶树种 Deciduous tree species | 1.11 | 1.62 |
表3 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林树种的年生长速率(mm/yr)的变化
Table 3 Annual growth rate (mm/yr) of tree species in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia during 2001-2010
2001-2006 | 2006-2010 | |
---|---|---|
平均生长速率 Average growth rate | 1.27 | 1 .48 |
最大生长速率 Maximum growth rate | 11.00 | 17.00 |
常绿树种 Evergreen tree species | 0.83 | 1.42 |
落叶树种 Deciduous tree species | 1.11 | 1.62 |
图5 神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林群落径级结构。A: 所有树木个体; B: 死亡个体; C: 常绿树种; D: 落叶树种。Fig. 5 DBH size distribution of all individuals in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia. A, All individuals; B, Dead individuals; C, Evergreen species; D, Deciduous species.
图6 2001-2010年神农架山地米心水青冈-多脉青冈混交林种群大小变化。诊断线(虚线)表示前后两次调查期间该种群大小未发生变化。
Fig. 6 Change in total abundance of tree species in a montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest in Shennongjia between in 2001 and 2006. The diagonal line (dotted line) represents the complete balance between original and second surveys.
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