冰雪灾害后江西九连山常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2025005

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 25005. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025005 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025005

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇

冰雪灾害后江西九连山常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化

杨世赟¹, 胡禄洁¹, 黄钦秀¹, 曾施绮¹, 王佳骏¹, 张彤¹, 张参参¹, 卜文圣¹^,²^,^*()()

1.江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330000
2.江西九连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2025-01-07 接受日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-31
通讯作者: 卜文圣
基金资助:
江西省林业科技创新项目(创新专项〔2022〕2号)

Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province

Shiyun Yang¹, Lujie Hu¹, Qinxiu Huang¹, Shiqi Zeng¹, Jiajun Wang¹, Tong Zhang¹, Cancan Zhang¹, Wensheng Bu¹^,²^,^*()()

1 School of Forestry‌, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330000, China
2 Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2025-01-07 Accepted:2025-06-25 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-31
Contact: Wensheng Bu
Supported by:
Jiangxi Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(Innovation Special Project〔2022〕 2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文旨在通过分析2008年中国南方冰雪灾害后14年间九连山常绿阔叶林的物种组成、林分结构及多样性的变化, 揭示灾后群落的动态特征, 为森林恢复与可持续管理提供依据。以江西省九连山4 ha常绿阔叶林动态监测样地冰雪灾害后2008年和2022年两次群落学调查数据为基础, 将群落树种划分成幼树(1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm)、小树(5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm)和成树(DBH ≥ 10 cm) 3个不同生长阶段, 研究了常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化规律。结果表明: 2008年样地内共有木本植物13,308株, 分属47科87属185种; 2022年共有木本植物17,116株, 分属41科76属178种。2022年, 样地内幼树、小树和成树阶段的个体密度比2008年分别增加了39.4%、9.7%和4.4%; 胸高断面积分别增加了23.1%、14.3%和3.7%。2022年样地总体和幼树阶段的物种丰富度及幼树阶段的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于2008年。2022年幼树阶段的稀有种数比2008年有所降低(61种 vs. 76种), 但常见种数量增加(46种 vs. 40种)。与2008年相比, 2022年样地内幼树阶段的平均胸径显著下降, 但3个生长阶段的平均树高均显著上升; 2022年样地内幼树和小树阶段先锋种的重要值增加, 而成树阶段耐阴种的重要值增加。2008-2022年, 受冰雪灾害干扰后的常绿阔叶林群落呈现恢复态势, 幼树个体数量与物种丰富度的显著增长成为群落更新的关键驱动力。尽管群落整体多样性提升, 但平均胸径的缩减表明冰雪灾害的影响是长期的。此外, 尽管冰雪灾害后光照、空间等资源的释放增加了幼树阶段先锋种的物种数, 但群落仍然朝着耐阴种占比增多的方向发展。

关键词: 冰雪灾害, 常绿阔叶林, 自然恢复, 群落动态

Abstract

Aim: This study analyzes changes in species composition, stand structure, and diversity of Jiulian Mountains evergreen broad-leaved forests over 14 years following the snow disaster in southern China in 2008, revealing post-disaster community dynamics to inform forest restoration and sustainable management.

Method: Based on two phytosociological surveys (2008 and 2022) in a 4 ha evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province, We classified trees into three growth stages (saplings: 1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm; treelets: 5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm; adult trees: DBH ≥ 10 cm) to examine post-snow community dynamics.

Results: The results revealed 13,308 woody plants (47 families, 87 genera, and 185 species) in 2008, which increased to 17,116 individuals (41 families, 76 genera, and 178 species) by 2022. From 2008 to 2022, the density of individuals increased by 39.4% for saplings, 9.7% for treelets, and 4.4% for adult trees, while basal area increased by 23.1%, 14.3%, and 3.7%, respectively. In 2022, overall species richness, as well as species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index at the sapling stage, were significantly higher than in 2008. From 2008 to 2022, the number of rare species at the sapling stage decreased from 76 to 61 species, while the number of common species increased from 40 to 46 species. In 2022, the mean DBH at the sapling stage significantly decreased compared to 2008, while mean tree height across all growth stages showed a significant increase. From 2008 to 2022, the importance values (IV) of pioneer species increased in sapling and treelet stages, while IV of shade-tolerant species increased in the adult tree stage.

Conclusion: From 2008 to 2022, the evergreen broad-leaved forest community exhibited a recovery trend after snow disaster disturbance, with a significant increase in sapling abundance and species richness serving as key drivers of regeneration. Although overall diversity increased, the reduction in mean DBH indicates that the snow disaster had long-term impacts. Following the snow disaster, the release of resources such as light and space increased pioneer species richness at the sapling stage, yet the community shifted toward greater dominance of shade-tolerant species.

Key words: snow disaster, evergreen broad-leaved forest, natural recovery, community dynamics

杨世赟, 胡禄洁, 黄钦秀, 曾施绮, 王佳骏, 张彤, 张参参, 卜文圣 (2025) 冰雪灾害后江西九连山常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化. 生物多样性, 33, 25005. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025005.

Shiyun Yang, Lujie Hu, Qinxiu Huang, Shiqi Zeng, Jiajun Wang, Tong Zhang, Cancan Zhang, Wensheng Bu (2025) Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25005. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025005.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025005

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I9/25005

图/表 8

表1 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地内多度排名前5位的科

Table 1 Top five most abundant families in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

年 Year	总个体数 Total no. of individuals	科 Family	个体数 No. of individuals	占比Proportion (%)
2008	13,308	山茶科 Theaceae	3,211	24.1
		樟科 Lauraceae	2,573	19.3
		壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,215	16.6
		柿科 Ebenaceae	1,142	8.6
		杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	968	7.3
2022	17,116	樟科 Lauraceae	3,745	21.8
		山茶科 Theaceae	3,360	19.6
		壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,923	17.0
		柿科 Ebenaceae	1,454	8.5
		杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	1,216	7.1

图1 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地的个体数(左)和胸高断面积(右)

Fig. 1 Number of individuals (left) and basal area (right) in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

表2 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地不同生长阶段及总体的物种丰富度(SR)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′) (平均值 ± 标准差)

Table 2 Species richness (SR) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022 (mean ± SD)

生长阶段 Growth stages	SR		H′
生长阶段 Growth stages	2008	2022	2008	2022
幼树 Sapling	24 ± 6.02^b	28 ± 6.01^a	2.61 ± 0.34^b	2.71 ± 0.30^a
小树 Treelet	11 ± 3.71^a	12 ± 3.84^a	2.14 ± 0.38^a	2.13 ± 0.36^a
成树 Adult tree	11 ± 2.83^a	12 ± 3.78^a	2.2 ± 0.25^a	2.22 ± 0.35^a
总体 Overall	32 ± 6.23^b	36 ± 6.39^a	2.9 ± 0.26^a	2.91 ± 0.24^a

图2 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地不同生长阶段的种-面积曲线、种-多度曲线和多度-物种等级分布曲线

Fig. 2 Species-area curves, species-abundance curves, and abundance-species rank curves at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

表3 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地稀有种、偶见种和常见种的物种数

Table 3 Species number of rare, occasionally and common species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

物种等级 Species rank	幼树 Sapling		小树 Treelet		成树 Adult tree
物种等级 Species rank	2008	2022	2008	2022	2008	2022
稀有种 Rare species	76	61	52	55	58	64
偶见种 Occasionally species	50	54	47	44	26	35
常见种 Common species	40	46	15	15	18	15

图3 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地不同生长阶段胸径和树高的变异。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Variation of DBH and height at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

表4 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地先锋种、非先锋喜光种和耐阴种的物种数(个体数)

Table 4 Number of species (individuals) of pioneer species, non-pioneer intolerant species and shade-tolerant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

物种功能群 Species functional groups	幼树 Sapling		小树 Treelet		成树 Adult tree
物种功能群 Species functional groups	2008	2022	2008	2022	2008	2022
先锋种 Pioneer species	6 (233)	10 (596)	6 (65)	5 (89)	10 (450)	10 (261)
非先锋喜光种 Non-pioneer intolerant species	42 (1,070)	41 (1,377)	27 (341)	29 (298)	25 (434)	26 (406)
耐阴种 Shade-tolerant species	118 (7,579)	109 (10,406)	82 (1,768)	79 (1,998)	67 (1,368)	77 (1,684)

图4 2008年和2022年江西九连山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地不同生长阶段功能群的重要值变化

Fig. 4 Changes of importance values of functional groups at different growth stages in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province in 2008 and 2022

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冰雪灾害后江西九连山常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化

Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province

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