羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

doi:10.17520/biods.2017340

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2017340

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

胡一鸣^1,^2,^3#, 李玮琪^2,^3#, 蒋志刚^2,³, 刘务林⁴, 梁健超¹, 林宜舟⁵, 黄志文¹, 覃海华¹, 金崑^6,^*(), 胡慧建^1,^*()

1 .广东省生物资源应用研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
2 .中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
3 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院, 拉萨 850000
5 .广州翼林生态监测有限公司, 广州 510075
6.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2017-12-09 接受日期:2018-02-20 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 金崑,胡慧建
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31400361)、科技基础性专项(2013FY110300)、环境保护部生物多样性专项、广东省省级科技计划项目(2013B061800042)

A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province

Yiming Hu^1,^2,^3#, Weiqi Li^2,^3#, Zhigang Jiang^2,³, Wulin Liu⁴, Jianchao Liang¹, Yizhou Lin⁵, Zhiwen Huang¹, Haihua Qin¹, Kun Jin^6,^*(), Huijian Hu^1,^*()

1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260
2 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000
5 Guangzhou Yilin Ecological Monitoring Limited Company, Guangzhou 510075
6 Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2017-12-09 Accepted:2018-02-20 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Jin Kun,Hu Huijian
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野牦牛(Bos grunniens)是青藏高原特有的大型有蹄类动物, 主要分布在西藏羌塘, 青海可可西里、三江源, 新疆阿尔金山等地的高海拔生境。我们于2012-2014年在西藏羌塘和青海可可西里对野牦牛进行了较为全面的实地调查, 并且估算西藏羌塘地区野牦牛种群在11,222-21,072头之间, 可可西里野牦牛种群数量在659-1,793头之间。据本次野外调查和历史文献资料显示, 自20世纪90年代起, 中国野牦牛种群数量逐年增长, 但是其分布区面积却逐步缩减, 目前仅分布在几个相对孤立且远离人类居住地的高寒区域。随着全球气候变化与青藏高原人类活动的加强,野牦牛的生存现状依然严峻, 我们仍需加强对青藏高原特有物种的保护。

关键词: Bos grunniens, 青藏高原, 种群数量, 分布, 保护

Abstract

The wild yak (Bos grunniens), which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mainly distributed in Chang Tang region of Tibet, Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan regions of Qinghai and Altun Mountain of Xinjiang. In this study, we used field data and data from the published literatures to estimate the population of wild yaks as well as their distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the adjacent areas in China. Field surveys were conducted in Chang Tang of Tibet, Hoh Xil of Qinghai between 2012 and 2014. According to our field survey, there were 11,222-21,072 wild yaks in Chang Tang of Tibet, and 659-1,793 in Hoh Xil of Qinghai. Although our results indicate that the population of wild yak has increased since 1990s, the distribution area of wild yak is shrinking. With the changing of the global climate and the intensifying of human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, stronger actions to protect the endemic species in this area are still needed.

Key words: Bos grunniens, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, population, distribution, conservation

胡一鸣, 李玮琪, 蒋志刚, 刘务林, 梁健超, 林宜舟, 黄志文, 覃海华, 金崑, 胡慧建 (2018) 羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状. 生物多样性, 26, 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340.

Yiming Hu, Weiqi Li, Zhigang Jiang, Wulin Liu, Jianchao Liang, Yizhou Lin, Zhiwen Huang, Haihua Qin, Kun Jin, Huijian Hu (2018) A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province. Biodiversity Science, 26, 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017340

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/185

图/表 3

参考文献 24

[1]	Berger J, Schaller GB, Cheng E, Kang A, Krebs M, Li L, Mark H (2015) Legacies of past exploitation and climate affect mammalian sexes differently on the roof of the world: The case of wild yaks. Scientific Reports, 5, 8676.
[2]	Buzzard PJ, Berger J (2016) Bos mutus.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: (accessed on 2017-09-14)
[3]	Buzzard PJ, Zhang HB, Xu DH, Wong HM (2010) A globally important wild yak Bos mutus population in the Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Oryx, 44, 577-580.
[4]	Harris RB, Pletscher DH, Loggers CO, Miller DJ (1999) Status and trends of Tibetan Plateau mammalian fauna, Yeniugou, China. Biological Conservation, 87, 13-19.
[5]	Jiang ZG, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang YX, Zhou KY, Liu SY, Feng ZJ (2015) China’s Mammal Diversity and Geographic Distribution. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[蒋志刚, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 冯祚建 (2015) 中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[6]	Leslie DM, Schaller GB (2009) Bos grunniens and Bos mutus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species, 836, 1-17.
[7]	Liang X, Kang A, Nathalie P (2016) Understanding habitat selection of the vulnerable wild yak Bos mutus on the Tibetan Plateau. Oryx, 51, 361-369.
[8]	Liu JH, Gao JX, Wang WJ (2013) Variations of vegetation coverage and its relations to global climate changes on the Tibetan Plateau during 1981-2005. Journal of Mountain Science, 31, 234-242. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘军会, 高吉喜, 王文杰 (2013) 青藏高原植被覆盖变化及其与气候变化的关系. 山地学报, 31, 234-242.]
[9]	Liu WL, Schaller GB (2003) Distribution and status of wild yak. Tibet Science and Technology, 11, 17-23. (in Chinese)
	[刘务林, Schaller GB (2003) 野牦牛的分布和现状. 西藏科技, 11, 17-23.]
[10]	Lu FY, Shi JB, Zhang ZH, Su XK, Wu Y, Dong SK, Li XW, Zhang X, Xu DH, Gao F, Weng J (2015) Surveys of Tibetan antelope, kiang and wild yak in Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 4, 374-381. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[路飞英, 石建斌, 张子慧, 苏旭坤, 吴娱, 董世魁, 李晓文, 张翔, 许东华, 高峰, 翁晋 (2015) 阿尔金山自然保护区藏羚羊、藏野驴和野牦牛的数量与分布. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 4, 374-381.]
[11]	Luo ZH, Tang SH, Li CL, Fang HZ, Hu HJ, Yang J, Ding JJ, Jiang ZG (2012) Environmental effects on vertebrate species richness: Testing the energy, environmental stability and habitat heterogeneity hypotheses. PLoS ONE, 7, e35514.
[12]	Piao RZ, Ma YQ, Cui HS (1999) Current situation of the yak population in China. Life Science Research, 3, 161-169. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[朴仁珠, 马逸清, 崔花淑 (1999) 中国野牦牛现状研究. 生命科学研究, 3, 161-169.]
[13]	Schaller GB (1998) Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[14]	Schaller GB, Liu W (1996) Distribution, status, and conservation of wild yak Bos grunniens. Biological Conservation, 76, 1-8.
[15]	Schaller GB, Ren J, Qiu M (1991) Observations on the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 29, 416-422.
[16]	Shi Q, Guo Y, Engelhardt SC, Weladji RB, Zhou Y, Long M, Meng X (2016) Endangered wild yak (Bos grunniens) in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions: Population size, distribution, conservation perspectives and its relation to the domestic subspecies. Journal for Nature Conservation, 32, 35-43.
[17]	Smith AT, Xie Y (2009) A Guide to the Mammals of China. Hunan Education Press, Changsha. (in Chinese)
	[Smith AT, 解焱 (2009) 中国兽类野外手册. 湖南教育出版社, 长沙.]
[18]	The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Chinese Academy of Science (1986) The Mammals of Xizang. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队(1986) 西藏哺乳类. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[19]	Thomas L, Buckland S, Burnham K, Anderson D, Laake J, Borchers D, Strindberg S (2002) Distance sampling. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, 1, 544-552.
[20]	Wang XT (1991) Vertebrate Fauna of Gansu. Gansu Science and Technology Press, Lanzhou. (in Chinese)
	[王香亭 (1991) 甘肃脊椎动物志. 甘肃科学技术出版社, 兰州.]
[21]	Wiener G, Han J, Long R (2003) The Yak. 2nd edn. Regional Ofﬁce for Asia and the Paciﬁc of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.
[22]	Yao J, Yang BH, Yan P, Liang CN, Guo J, Jiao S, Lang X, Guo X, Feng RL, Cheng SL (2006) Analysis on habitat variance and behaviour of Bos gruiens in China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 15, 124-128. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[姚军, 杨博辉, 闫萍, 梁春年, 郭健, 焦硕, 郎侠, 郭宪, 冯瑞林, 程胜利 (2006) 中国野牦牛栖息地环境及种群行为分析. 草业学报, 15, 124-128.]
[23]	Zhang RZ (2011) Zoogeography of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[张荣祖 (2011) 中国动物地理. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[24]	Zhang ZG, Xia L, Yang QS (2009) Distribution and conservation of yak (Bos grunniens). Chinese Journal of Zoology, 44(1), 148-150. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张知贵, 夏霖, 杨奇森 (2009) 牦牛的分布及保护. 动物学杂志, 44(1), 148-150.]

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Latitude & longitude	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size
西藏 Tibet	阿里 Ngari	32°10°-36°32°N, 79°42°-92°05°E	134,000	0.014 ± 0.005	1,859 ± 713
西藏 Tibet	那曲 Nagchu		105,000	0.136 ± 0.040	14,288 ± 4,212
青海 Qinghai	可可西里 Hoh Xil	34.19°-36.16° N , 89.25°-94.05° E	45,000	0.027 ± 0.0126	1,226 ± 567

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Latitude & longitude	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size
西藏 Tibet	阿里 Ngari	32°10°-36°32°N, 79°42°-92°05°E	134,000	0.014 ± 0.005	1,859 ± 713
西藏 Tibet	那曲 Nagchu		105,000	0.136 ± 0.040	14,288 ± 4,212
青海 Qinghai	可可西里 Hoh Xil	34.19°-36.16° N , 89.25°-94.05° E	45,000	0.027 ± 0.0126	1,226 ± 567

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Locality	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size	数据来源 Sources
西藏 Tibet	仲巴 Zhongba	29°09°-31°48° N, 82°00°-84°45° E	12,368	0.065	810±160	Shi et al, 2016
西藏 Tibet	昂仁措勤 Angrencuoqin	29°10°-31°00° N, 85°09°-87°45° E	15,617	0.021	314±80	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	三江源 The Three River Source region	31°39°-36°12° N, 89°45°-102°2° E	65,000	0.032	2,087	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	祁连山-疏勒南山 Qilian Mountain-Shulenan Mountain	38°28°N, 97°45° E	45,000	0.009	392	Shi et al, 2016
新疆 Xinjiang	阿尔金山 Altun Mountains	36°00°-37°49° N 87°10°-91°18° E	45,000	0.33±0.094	14,850±4,227	路飞英等, 2015
甘肃 Gansu	祁连山-肃南, 肃北 Qilian Mountain-northern and southern Gansu	32°11°-42°57° N, 92°13°-108°46° E	454,430		130	Shi et al, 2016

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Locality	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size	数据来源 Sources
西藏 Tibet	仲巴 Zhongba	29°09°-31°48° N, 82°00°-84°45° E	12,368	0.065	810±160	Shi et al, 2016
西藏 Tibet	昂仁措勤 Angrencuoqin	29°10°-31°00° N, 85°09°-87°45° E	15,617	0.021	314±80	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	三江源 The Three River Source region	31°39°-36°12° N, 89°45°-102°2° E	65,000	0.032	2,087	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	祁连山-疏勒南山 Qilian Mountain-Shulenan Mountain	38°28°N, 97°45° E	45,000	0.009	392	Shi et al, 2016
新疆 Xinjiang	阿尔金山 Altun Mountains	36°00°-37°49° N 87°10°-91°18° E	45,000	0.33±0.094	14,850±4,227	路飞英等, 2015
甘肃 Gansu	祁连山-肃南, 肃北 Qilian Mountain-northern and southern Gansu	32°11°-42°57° N, 92°13°-108°46° E	454,430		130	Shi et al, 2016

羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 24

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张海龙, 聂海燕, 刘萌萌, 魏美才, 李泽建. 浙江乌岩岭叶蜂多样性分布及影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(5): 25459-.
[2]	王倩倩, 陈孝国, 朱锐丰, 张明春, 王新, 李世林, 仁增江措, 彭武, 杨彪. 藏东南黑麝及其同域有蹄类物种的生态适应性差异[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(5): 25433-.
[3]	周丽洁, 郝珉辉, 何怀江, 程艳霞, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 小兴安岭森林β多样性格局、组分及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25443-.
[4]	陈小勇. 珍稀濒危植物有效迁地保护: 概念、标准和建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25448-.
[5]	张同, 梁力文, 王长剑, 舒服, 王璐, 郭泽光, 卓玛曲珍, 钱芊, 蒋安莉, 敖俊杰, 彭兴文, 伍小刚, 向左甫, 郭克疾, 廖梓延. 基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种的季节性空间利用特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25435-.
[6]	安明态, 吴旭, 余江洪, 胡国雄, 王琨, 刘锋, 吴天柔, 徐钦, 张豪, 徐建, 杨焱冰, 曹威, 严令斌, 李鹤, 李志, 余德会, 黄郎, 陈志萍, 李晓芳, 邹华凯, 龙敏, 顾伟豪, 马宇航, 邱剪. 贵州省高等植物物种多样性编目及分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25427-.
[7]	孔孜亦, 王德港, 王建涛, 裴志永, 孙晶, 张长春, 张军国. 基于SCD-HRNet模型的野生动物姿态估计及其在生物多样性监测中的应用: 以内蒙古赛罕乌拉地区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25287-.
[8]	鲁夕霞, 周冯祥, 雍李明, 曾千慧, 赵丽媛, 张语克, 王先艳. 1990-2020年围填海对我国中华白海豚栖息地的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25249-.
[9]	尚晓彤, 黄程, 杨立, 牟希东, 李添明, 刘阳. 全球尺度水产养殖系统减少鸟类致损措施成效评估[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25453-.
[10]	倪庆永, 番玉买, 张琦, 解萌. 中国懒猴科灵长类研究与保护进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25451-.
[11]	范鹏来, 姚维, 黄乘明, 周岐海. 中国叶猴的研究简史和保护进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25446-.
[12]	郭松涛, 陈国梁, 李保国. 中国灵长类学研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25462-.
[13]	向左甫. 中国金丝猴生态、保护与社会行为研究简史及进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25442-.
[14]	康志成, 高春蕾, 郭嘉宁, 孟范平, 王宗灵. 渤海与北黄海春季有害甲藻包囊: 多样性､分布及环境相关性[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25426-.
[15]	侯姝彧, 刘盈盈, 杨锐. 《昆蒙框架》背景下国际OECMs体系构建实践进展及中国化思路[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25264-.