羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

doi:10.17520/biods.2017340

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2017340

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

胡一鸣^1,^2,^3#, 李玮琪^2,^3#, 蒋志刚^2,³, 刘务林⁴, 梁健超¹, 林宜舟⁵, 黄志文¹, 覃海华¹, 金崑^6,^*(), 胡慧建^1,^*()

1 .广东省生物资源应用研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
2 .中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
3 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院, 拉萨 850000
5 .广州翼林生态监测有限公司, 广州 510075
6.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2017-12-09 接受日期:2018-02-20 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 金崑,胡慧建
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31400361)、科技基础性专项(2013FY110300)、环境保护部生物多样性专项、广东省省级科技计划项目(2013B061800042)

A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province

Yiming Hu^1,^2,^3#, Weiqi Li^2,^3#, Zhigang Jiang^2,³, Wulin Liu⁴, Jianchao Liang¹, Yizhou Lin⁵, Zhiwen Huang¹, Haihua Qin¹, Kun Jin^6,^*(), Huijian Hu^1,^*()

1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260
2 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000
5 Guangzhou Yilin Ecological Monitoring Limited Company, Guangzhou 510075
6 Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2017-12-09 Accepted:2018-02-20 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Jin Kun,Hu Huijian
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野牦牛(Bos grunniens)是青藏高原特有的大型有蹄类动物, 主要分布在西藏羌塘, 青海可可西里、三江源, 新疆阿尔金山等地的高海拔生境。我们于2012-2014年在西藏羌塘和青海可可西里对野牦牛进行了较为全面的实地调查, 并且估算西藏羌塘地区野牦牛种群在11,222-21,072头之间, 可可西里野牦牛种群数量在659-1,793头之间。据本次野外调查和历史文献资料显示, 自20世纪90年代起, 中国野牦牛种群数量逐年增长, 但是其分布区面积却逐步缩减, 目前仅分布在几个相对孤立且远离人类居住地的高寒区域。随着全球气候变化与青藏高原人类活动的加强,野牦牛的生存现状依然严峻, 我们仍需加强对青藏高原特有物种的保护。

关键词: Bos grunniens, 青藏高原, 种群数量, 分布, 保护

Abstract

The wild yak (Bos grunniens), which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mainly distributed in Chang Tang region of Tibet, Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan regions of Qinghai and Altun Mountain of Xinjiang. In this study, we used field data and data from the published literatures to estimate the population of wild yaks as well as their distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the adjacent areas in China. Field surveys were conducted in Chang Tang of Tibet, Hoh Xil of Qinghai between 2012 and 2014. According to our field survey, there were 11,222-21,072 wild yaks in Chang Tang of Tibet, and 659-1,793 in Hoh Xil of Qinghai. Although our results indicate that the population of wild yak has increased since 1990s, the distribution area of wild yak is shrinking. With the changing of the global climate and the intensifying of human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, stronger actions to protect the endemic species in this area are still needed.

Key words: Bos grunniens, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, population, distribution, conservation

胡一鸣, 李玮琪, 蒋志刚, 刘务林, 梁健超, 林宜舟, 黄志文, 覃海华, 金崑, 胡慧建 (2018) 羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状. 生物多样性, 26, 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340.

Yiming Hu, Weiqi Li, Zhigang Jiang, Wulin Liu, Jianchao Liang, Yizhou Lin, Zhiwen Huang, Haihua Qin, Kun Jin, Huijian Hu (2018) A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province. Biodiversity Science, 26, 185-190. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017340.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017340

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/185

图/表 3

参考文献 24

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省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Latitude & longitude	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size
西藏 Tibet	阿里 Ngari	32°10°-36°32°N, 79°42°-92°05°E	134,000	0.014 ± 0.005	1,859 ± 713
西藏 Tibet	那曲 Nagchu		105,000	0.136 ± 0.040	14,288 ± 4,212
青海 Qinghai	可可西里 Hoh Xil	34.19°-36.16° N , 89.25°-94.05° E	45,000	0.027 ± 0.0126	1,226 ± 567

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Latitude & longitude	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size
西藏 Tibet	阿里 Ngari	32°10°-36°32°N, 79°42°-92°05°E	134,000	0.014 ± 0.005	1,859 ± 713
西藏 Tibet	那曲 Nagchu		105,000	0.136 ± 0.040	14,288 ± 4,212
青海 Qinghai	可可西里 Hoh Xil	34.19°-36.16° N , 89.25°-94.05° E	45,000	0.027 ± 0.0126	1,226 ± 567

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Locality	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size	数据来源 Sources
西藏 Tibet	仲巴 Zhongba	29°09°-31°48° N, 82°00°-84°45° E	12,368	0.065	810±160	Shi et al, 2016
西藏 Tibet	昂仁措勤 Angrencuoqin	29°10°-31°00° N, 85°09°-87°45° E	15,617	0.021	314±80	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	三江源 The Three River Source region	31°39°-36°12° N, 89°45°-102°2° E	65,000	0.032	2,087	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	祁连山-疏勒南山 Qilian Mountain-Shulenan Mountain	38°28°N, 97°45° E	45,000	0.009	392	Shi et al, 2016
新疆 Xinjiang	阿尔金山 Altun Mountains	36°00°-37°49° N 87°10°-91°18° E	45,000	0.33±0.094	14,850±4,227	路飞英等, 2015
甘肃 Gansu	祁连山-肃南, 肃北 Qilian Mountain-northern and southern Gansu	32°11°-42°57° N, 92°13°-108°46° E	454,430		130	Shi et al, 2016

省份 Province	分布区 Distribution	经纬度 Locality	面积 Area (km²)	密度 Density (inds./km²)	种群数量 Population size	数据来源 Sources
西藏 Tibet	仲巴 Zhongba	29°09°-31°48° N, 82°00°-84°45° E	12,368	0.065	810±160	Shi et al, 2016
西藏 Tibet	昂仁措勤 Angrencuoqin	29°10°-31°00° N, 85°09°-87°45° E	15,617	0.021	314±80	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	三江源 The Three River Source region	31°39°-36°12° N, 89°45°-102°2° E	65,000	0.032	2,087	Shi et al, 2016
青海 Qinghai	祁连山-疏勒南山 Qilian Mountain-Shulenan Mountain	38°28°N, 97°45° E	45,000	0.009	392	Shi et al, 2016
新疆 Xinjiang	阿尔金山 Altun Mountains	36°00°-37°49° N 87°10°-91°18° E	45,000	0.33±0.094	14,850±4,227	路飞英等, 2015
甘肃 Gansu	祁连山-肃南, 肃北 Qilian Mountain-northern and southern Gansu	32°11°-42°57° N, 92°13°-108°46° E	454,430		130	Shi et al, 2016

羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

A wild yak survey in Chang Tang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province

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