中国特有华溪蟹属淡水蟹多样性格局及其保护空缺

doi:10.17520/biods.2025123

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 25123. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025123 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025123

• 遗传多样性及保护专题 • 上一篇下一篇

中国特有华溪蟹属淡水蟹多样性格局及其保护空缺

王儒晓(), 史博洋(), 潘达^*()(), 孙红英()

南京师范大学生命科学学院江苏省生物多样性与生物技术重点实验室, 南京 210023

收稿日期:2025-04-02 接受日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-17
通讯作者: *E-mail: dapan@njnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32170454);国家自然科学基金(32470460);国家自然科学基金(32300367)

Biodiversity patterns and conservation gaps of the endemic freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon in China

Ruxiao Wang(), Boyang Shi(), Da Pan^*()(), Hongying Sun()

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2025-04-02 Accepted:2025-05-30 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-17
Contact: *E-mail: dapan@njnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170454);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470460);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300367)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

淡水蟹类是底栖大型无脊椎动物代表类群之一, 也是判断生态系统健康与否的关键指示生物, 但其物种多样性和遗传多样性并未得到有效保护。据此, 本研究以中国特有的华溪蟹属(Sinopotamon)淡水蟹类为例, 基于详尽的野外调查与文献资料汇总, 构建了该类群的物种分布数据库, 利用空间广义线性混合模型来评估影响其物种多样性与遗传多样性的关键环境因素; 通过将物种多样性和遗传多样性格局与现有保护地进行叠加分析, 以识别其多样性热点和保护空缺区域。研究结果表明, 华溪蟹属物种多样性分布中心位于云贵高原东北缘至浙闽丘陵之间的地区, 其物种多样性整体上呈现出由长江流域向南北边缘逐渐稀少的特点; 遗传多样性呈现出空间不均匀分布的特征, 山地区域的遗传多样性相对较高。物种多样性和遗传多样性之间存在显著的正相关关系, 海拔和年平均降水量等环境因子对两者具有显著的正向影响。华溪蟹属物种多样性和遗传多样性格局呈现显著的空间聚集性, 其热点主要分布于中国中南部的山地丘陵地带, 在该地区识别出4个保护空缺区域; 南岭山脉东段被识别为遗传多样性特有的热点区域。本文研究结果显示, 山地生态系统及暖湿气候在华溪蟹属淡水蟹物种多样性和遗传多样性的形成过程中发挥了关键作用。本研究强调了结合物种多样性和遗传多样性来规划自然保护区的必要性, 为中国淡水生态系统的未来生物多样性保护管理与决策提供了数据支撑和科学依据。

关键词: 华溪蟹属, 淡水蟹类, 遗传多样性, 空间分布格局, 保护空缺

Abstract

Aims: Freshwater crabs are one of the representative groups of benthic macroinvertebrates and serve as critical bioindicator of healthy ecosystems, however, their species diversity and genetic diversity have not been effectively conserved. The present study uses the freshwater crabs of the endemic Chinese genus Sinopotamonas a model. Based on extensive field surveys and literature review, we aim to establish a comprehensive species distribution database, assess the key environmental factors influencing both species and genetic diversity, and identify diversity hotspots as well as conservation gaps across its distribution range.

Methods: The distribution data of Sinopotamon species were compiled through field investigations and literature sources. Spatial patterns of diversity were analyzed, and key environmental drivers were evaluated using spatial statistical models. Species and genetic diversity patterns were then overlaid with existing protected area to identify conservation gap regions.

Results: The center of Sinopotamon species diversity lies between the northeastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Zhemin Hills. Species richness generally declines from the Yangtze River Basin toward the northern and southern margins. Genetic diversity shows strong spatial heterogeneity, with higher levels concentrated in mountainous regions. Species diversity and genetic diversity are significantly positively correlated. Environmental factors such as altitude and mean annual precipitation have significant positive effects on both. Diversity hotspots are spatially clustered, primarily in the mountainous and hill areas of south-central China. Four conservation gaps were identified in these regions, with the eastern section of the Nanling Mountains recognized as a distinctive hotpot for genetic diversity.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that mountainous ecosystems and warm, humid climates have played a critical role in shaping both species and genetic diversity of Sinopotamon. This study highlights the necessity of integrating species diversity and genetic diversity in conservation planning and provides essential data and scientific support for biodiversity conservation and management in China’s freshwater ecosystems.

Key words: Sinopotamon, freshwater crabs, genetic diversity, spatial distribution pattern, conservation gaps

王儒晓, 史博洋, 潘达, 孙红英 (2025) 中国特有华溪蟹属淡水蟹多样性格局及其保护空缺. 生物多样性, 33, 25123. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025123.

Ruxiao Wang, Boyang Shi, Da Pan, Hongying Sun (2025) Biodiversity patterns and conservation gaps of the endemic freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon in China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25123. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025123.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025123

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I8/25123

图/表 7

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物种 Species	分布点位数量 No. of distribution points	序列数量 No. of sequences	核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity (π)	物种 Species	分布点位数量 No. of distribution points	序列数量 No. of sequences	核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity (π)
尖叶华溪蟹 S. acutum	132	10	0.05163	浏阳华溪蟹 S. liuyangense	5	5	0.03215
安徽华溪蟹 S. anhuiense	4	6	0.05184	隆林华溪蟹 S. longlinense	1	4	0.02150
安远华溪蟹 S. anyuanense	19	16	0.04329	娄底华溪蟹 S. loudiense	9	9	0.04019
白岩华溪蟹 S. baiyanense	3	6	0.03639	麻阳华溪蟹 S. mayangense	2	5	0.05047
保康华溪蟹 S. baokangense	1	3	0.02617	闽东华溪蟹 S. mindongense	4	6	0.05184
双叶华溪蟹 S. bilobatum	12	6	0.03988	南岭华溪蟹 S. nanlingense	10	6	0.05097
茶陵华溪蟹 S. chalingense	5	5	0.05271	矮小华溪蟹 S. nanum	20	12	0.03767
长安华溪蟹 S. changanense	7	2	0.00100	宁岗华溪蟹 S. ninggangense	4	4	0.05452
浙江华溪蟹 S. chekiangense	40	12	0.04959	斜缘华溪蟹 S. obliquum	16	10	0.04623
城口华溪蟹 S. chengkuense	3	14	0.04780	小华溪蟹 S. parvum	2	4	0.01121
赤水华溪蟹 S. chishuiense	8	3	0.00125	屏山华溪蟹 S. pingshanense	7	8	0.05367
叉肢华溪蟹 S. cladopodum	48	10	0.04341	平原华溪蟹 S. planum	29	4	0.02056
隆突华溪蟹 S. convexum	7	8	0.04840	融水华溪蟹 S. rongshuiense	21	6	0.04112
光泽华溪蟹 S. davidi	50	18	0.05677	陕西华溪蟹 S. shensiense	57	14	0.04377
窄小华溪蟹 S. decrescentum	5	7	0.04361	四股桥华溪蟹 S. siguqiaoense	7	4	0.04860
锯齿华溪蟹 S. denticulatum	23	8	0.04493	直立华溪蟹 S. styxum	24	7	0.03151
凹肢华溪蟹指名亚种 S. depressum depressum	33	5	0.05059	圆顶华溪蟹 S. teritisum	29	10	0.03007
凹肢华溪蟹商城亚种 S. depressum shangchengense	5	3	0.03975	肿胀华溪蟹 S. turgidum	4	10	0.03626
峨边华溪蟹 S. ebianense	12	2	0.03738	不等叶华溪蟹 S. unaequum	10	3	0.04523
峨眉华溪蟹 S. emeiense	4	7	0.04700	万载华溪蟹 S. wanzaiense	27	6	0.04586
瘦肢华溪蟹 S. exiguum	26	8	0.04433	巫山华溪蟹 S. wushanense	5	9	0.04460
福建华溪蟹 S. fukienense	108	13	0.04671	湘西华溪蟹 S. xiangxiense	30	17	0.04935
复兴华溪蟹 S. fuxingense	10	6	0.04810	新宁华溪蟹 S. xingningense	3	6	0.04735
汉阳华溪蟹 S. hanyangense	11	7	0.03818	兴山华溪蟹 S. xingshanense	21	5	0.03551
河南华溪蟹 S. honanense	64	9	0.04720	休宁华溪蟹 S. xiuningense	1	3	0.03863
会同华溪蟹 S. huitongense	10	6	0.04125	修水华溪蟹 S. xiushuiense	4	5	0.03925
江口华溪蟹 S. jiangkuoense	16	7	0.03810	雅安华溪蟹 S. yaanense	9	12	0.05248
将乐华溪蟹 S. jianglenense	18	3	0.03701	长江华溪蟹陕县亚种 S. yangtsekiense shanxianense	7	2	0
绛县华溪蟹 S. jiangxianense	6	12	0.04486	长江华溪蟹桐柏亚种 S. yangtsekiense tongbaiense	25	2	0.04486
九江华溪蟹 S. jiujiangense	10	7	0.05714	长江华溪蟹指名亚种 S. yangtsekiense yangtsekiense	85	13	0.04007
绩溪华溪蟹 S. jixiense	6	2	0.10093	黟县华溪蟹 S. yixianense	6	5	0.00112
凯里华溪蟹 S. kenliense	6	4	0.04268	岳阳华溪蟹 S. yueyangense	6	7	0.03792
灌县华溪蟹 S. kwanhsienense	12	4	0.03240	玉山华溪蟹 S. yushanense	3	6	0.04922
兰氏华溪蟹 S. lansi	96	11	0.04330	遵义华溪蟹 S. zunyiense	5	5	0.03178
莲花华溪蟹 S. linhuaense	3	6	0.05670	总计 Total	291	490	-

物种 Species	分布点位数量 No. of distribution points	序列数量 No. of sequences	核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity (π)	物种 Species	分布点位数量 No. of distribution points	序列数量 No. of sequences	核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity (π)
尖叶华溪蟹 S. acutum	132	10	0.05163	浏阳华溪蟹 S. liuyangense	5	5	0.03215
安徽华溪蟹 S. anhuiense	4	6	0.05184	隆林华溪蟹 S. longlinense	1	4	0.02150
安远华溪蟹 S. anyuanense	19	16	0.04329	娄底华溪蟹 S. loudiense	9	9	0.04019
白岩华溪蟹 S. baiyanense	3	6	0.03639	麻阳华溪蟹 S. mayangense	2	5	0.05047
保康华溪蟹 S. baokangense	1	3	0.02617	闽东华溪蟹 S. mindongense	4	6	0.05184
双叶华溪蟹 S. bilobatum	12	6	0.03988	南岭华溪蟹 S. nanlingense	10	6	0.05097
茶陵华溪蟹 S. chalingense	5	5	0.05271	矮小华溪蟹 S. nanum	20	12	0.03767
长安华溪蟹 S. changanense	7	2	0.00100	宁岗华溪蟹 S. ninggangense	4	4	0.05452
浙江华溪蟹 S. chekiangense	40	12	0.04959	斜缘华溪蟹 S. obliquum	16	10	0.04623
城口华溪蟹 S. chengkuense	3	14	0.04780	小华溪蟹 S. parvum	2	4	0.01121
赤水华溪蟹 S. chishuiense	8	3	0.00125	屏山华溪蟹 S. pingshanense	7	8	0.05367
叉肢华溪蟹 S. cladopodum	48	10	0.04341	平原华溪蟹 S. planum	29	4	0.02056
隆突华溪蟹 S. convexum	7	8	0.04840	融水华溪蟹 S. rongshuiense	21	6	0.04112
光泽华溪蟹 S. davidi	50	18	0.05677	陕西华溪蟹 S. shensiense	57	14	0.04377
窄小华溪蟹 S. decrescentum	5	7	0.04361	四股桥华溪蟹 S. siguqiaoense	7	4	0.04860
锯齿华溪蟹 S. denticulatum	23	8	0.04493	直立华溪蟹 S. styxum	24	7	0.03151
凹肢华溪蟹指名亚种 S. depressum depressum	33	5	0.05059	圆顶华溪蟹 S. teritisum	29	10	0.03007
凹肢华溪蟹商城亚种 S. depressum shangchengense	5	3	0.03975	肿胀华溪蟹 S. turgidum	4	10	0.03626
峨边华溪蟹 S. ebianense	12	2	0.03738	不等叶华溪蟹 S. unaequum	10	3	0.04523
峨眉华溪蟹 S. emeiense	4	7	0.04700	万载华溪蟹 S. wanzaiense	27	6	0.04586
瘦肢华溪蟹 S. exiguum	26	8	0.04433	巫山华溪蟹 S. wushanense	5	9	0.04460
福建华溪蟹 S. fukienense	108	13	0.04671	湘西华溪蟹 S. xiangxiense	30	17	0.04935
复兴华溪蟹 S. fuxingense	10	6	0.04810	新宁华溪蟹 S. xingningense	3	6	0.04735
汉阳华溪蟹 S. hanyangense	11	7	0.03818	兴山华溪蟹 S. xingshanense	21	5	0.03551
河南华溪蟹 S. honanense	64	9	0.04720	休宁华溪蟹 S. xiuningense	1	3	0.03863
会同华溪蟹 S. huitongense	10	6	0.04125	修水华溪蟹 S. xiushuiense	4	5	0.03925
江口华溪蟹 S. jiangkuoense	16	7	0.03810	雅安华溪蟹 S. yaanense	9	12	0.05248
将乐华溪蟹 S. jianglenense	18	3	0.03701	长江华溪蟹陕县亚种 S. yangtsekiense shanxianense	7	2	0
绛县华溪蟹 S. jiangxianense	6	12	0.04486	长江华溪蟹桐柏亚种 S. yangtsekiense tongbaiense	25	2	0.04486
九江华溪蟹 S. jiujiangense	10	7	0.05714	长江华溪蟹指名亚种 S. yangtsekiense yangtsekiense	85	13	0.04007
绩溪华溪蟹 S. jixiense	6	2	0.10093	黟县华溪蟹 S. yixianense	6	5	0.00112
凯里华溪蟹 S. kenliense	6	4	0.04268	岳阳华溪蟹 S. yueyangense	6	7	0.03792
灌县华溪蟹 S. kwanhsienense	12	4	0.03240	玉山华溪蟹 S. yushanense	3	6	0.04922
兰氏华溪蟹 S. lansi	96	11	0.04330	遵义华溪蟹 S. zunyiense	5	5	0.03178
莲花华溪蟹 S. linhuaense	3	6	0.05670	总计 Total	291	490	-

环境变量 Environmental variables	物种丰富度 Species richness			遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
环境变量 Environmental variables	估计值 Estimate	标准误 SE	t	估计值 Estimate	标准误 SE	t
截距 Intercept	-2.27E-16	0.06564	-3.45E-15	-3.61E-19	0.07223	4.99E-18
海拔 Altitude (ALT)	0.681	0.144	4.730	0.179	0.082	1.960
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP)	0.590	0.156	3.790	0.203	0.079	2.590
年温差 Temperature annual range (TAR)	0.355	0.124	2.880	-0.149	0.136	-1.090
最湿季度均温 Mean temperature of wettest quarter (MTWQ)	0.251	0.115	2.180	-0.072	0.127	-0.571
坡向 Aspect (ASP)	-0.048	0.079	-0.607	-0.105	0.087	-1.210
降水量变异系数 Precipitation seasonality (PS)	-0.101	0.102	-0.987	-0.019	0.112	-0.173
等温性 Isothermality (ISO)	-0.367	0.083	-4.420	-0.180	0.091	-1.970

环境变量 Environmental variables	物种丰富度 Species richness			遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
环境变量 Environmental variables	估计值 Estimate	标准误 SE	t	估计值 Estimate	标准误 SE	t
截距 Intercept	-2.27E-16	0.06564	-3.45E-15	-3.61E-19	0.07223	4.99E-18
海拔 Altitude (ALT)	0.681	0.144	4.730	0.179	0.082	1.960
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP)	0.590	0.156	3.790	0.203	0.079	2.590
年温差 Temperature annual range (TAR)	0.355	0.124	2.880	-0.149	0.136	-1.090
最湿季度均温 Mean temperature of wettest quarter (MTWQ)	0.251	0.115	2.180	-0.072	0.127	-0.571
坡向 Aspect (ASP)	-0.048	0.079	-0.607	-0.105	0.087	-1.210
降水量变异系数 Precipitation seasonality (PS)	-0.101	0.102	-0.987	-0.019	0.112	-0.173
等温性 Isothermality (ISO)	-0.367	0.083	-4.420	-0.180	0.091	-1.970

	莫兰指数 Moran’s I	预期指数 Expected index	方差 Variance	Z	P
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.3784651	-0.005813953	0.0018715	205.4628	3.26E-19
遗传多样性 Genetic diversity	0.4036666	-0.005813953	0.0018401	222.6705	6.75E-22

中国特有华溪蟹属淡水蟹多样性格局及其保护空缺

Biodiversity patterns and conservation gaps of the endemic freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon in China

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