气候因子对鸟类遗传多样性与物种分布面积关系的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025072

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 25072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025072 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025072

• 遗传多样性及保护专题 • 上一篇下一篇

气候因子对鸟类遗传多样性与物种分布面积关系的影响

范平¹^,²(), 王欢², 温知新²(), 宋刚²(), 雷富民²^,^*()

¹ 陕西中医药大学基础医学院, 陕西咸阳, 712046
² 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京, 100101

收稿日期:2025-02-27 接受日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-17
通讯作者: *E-mail: leifm@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32400417);国家自然科学基金(32270443);中国科学院动物研究所自主部署项目(2023IOZ0104);中国科学院动物研究所自主部署项目(2023IOZ0205);海南国家公园研究院资助项目(KY-24ZK02);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023RDYL01)

Impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity-species area relationship of birds

Ping Fan¹^,²(), Huan Wang², Zhixin Wen²(), Gang Song²(), Fuming Lei²^,^*()

¹ College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
² Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2025-02-27 Accepted:2025-06-25 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-17
Contact: *E-mail: leifm@ioz.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32400417);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270443);Initiative Scientific Research Program, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023IOZ0104);Initiative Scientific Research Program, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023IOZ0205);Hainan Institute of National Park, HINP(KY-24ZK02);Hainan Province Science and technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023RDYL01)

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摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨遗传多样性与物种分布面积之间的关系及其成因, 对于生物多样性保护策略的制定具有举足轻重的意义。遗传多样性蕴含着物种对气候变化的潜在适应能力, 而物种分布面积则是气候变化与物种适应能力共同作用的结果。因此, 气候因子可能是连接遗传多样性和物种分布面积的关键纽带, 对两者之间的关系起到重要的调节作用。为了验证这一假设, 本研究以全球鸟类为研究对象, 选取细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (COI)基因片段为分子遗传标记, 分析了单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性这两个遗传多样性关键指标, 探讨8个气候因子(年均温、年均温范围、年降水、年降水范围、降水季节性、降水季节性范围、温度季节性、温度季节性范围)在单倍型多样性-物种分布面积关系和核苷酸多样性-物种分布面积关系中的作用。研究结果表明, 鸟类总体的核苷酸多样性为0.008 ± 0.001 (平均值 ± 标准误差), 单倍型多样性为0.699 ± 0.011。气候因子对核苷酸多样性与单倍型多样性表征的遗传多样性-物种分布面积关系的影响不同: 对于单倍型多样性而言, 气候因子主要通过影响物种的分布面积来调节单倍型多样性-分布面积关系(df = 6, χ²= 10.77, AIC = 2,231.8, BIC = 2,270.5); 而对于核苷酸多样性, 气候因子可以同时通过影响物种分布面积和核苷酸多样性来调节多样性-分布面积关系(df = 0, χ²= 0, AIC = 2,155.0, BIC = 2,219.6)。基于上述结果, 我们建议在探讨气候变化对遗传多样性的影响时, 应综合考虑不同的遗传多样性指标, 以便制定更为有效的生物多样性保护策略。

关键词: 气候因子, 鸟类, 遗传多样性-物种分布面积关系, 调节

Abstract

Aims: Understanding the link between genetic diversity and species distribution is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Genetic diversity facilitates species’ adaptation to climate change, whereas area size results from the combined effects of climate change and species’ adaptive capacity. Under this context, climatic factors can be considered a pivotal link between genetic diversity and area size, exerting a regulatory influence on their relationship.

Methods: To assess the above hypothesis, the current study examined the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment in avian species, exploring the influence of 8 climatic factors (annual temperature, annual temperature range, annual precipitation, annual precipitation range, precipitation seasonality, precipitation seasonality range, temperature seasonality, temperature seasonality range) on the relationships between haplotype diversity and area size, as well as nucleotide diversity and area size. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were utilized as principal indicators of genetic diversity in this analysis.

Results: Results show that the overall nucleotide diversity of birds was 0.008 ± 0.001(mean ± SE), and the haplotype diversity was 0.699 ± 0.011. Additionally, the results revealed that climatic factor differentially affect the relationship between genetic diversity and area size. Notably, climatic factor predominantly influence the relationship between haplotype diversity and area size indirectly by altering the area size (df = 6, χ²= 10.77, AIC = 2,231.8, BIC = 2,270.5). In contrast, for nucleotide diversity, the climatic factor exert a dual impact, affecting both the area size and nucleotide diversity, thereby mediating the relationship between nucleotide diversity and area size in a more complex manner (df = 0, χ² = 0, AIC = 2,155.0, BIC = 2,219.6).

Conclusion: Our results recommend that multiple genetic diversity indices should be considered when examining the effects of climate change on genetic diversity. Additionally, more targeted biodiversity conservation strategies should be developed to effectively address the challenges posed by future climate change.

Key words: climatic factors, birds, genetic diversity-species area relationship, mediate

范平, 王欢, 温知新, 宋刚, 雷富民 (2025) 气候因子对鸟类遗传多样性与物种分布面积关系的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 25072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025072.

Ping Fan, Huan Wang, Zhixin Wen, Gang Song, Fuming Lei (2025) Impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity-species area relationship of birds. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025072.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025072

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I8/25072

图/表 5

图1 结构方程模型检测的气候因子、分布面积大小和遗传多样性之间的关系。黑色箭头展示了两个因子之间的相互关系。(A)模型1: 遗传多样性与物种分布面积大小直接关联, 其中物种分布面积大小受气候因子的直接影响; 遗传多样性不受气候因子的直接影响; (B)模型2: 遗传多样性与物种分布面积大小直接关联, 物种分布面积大小与遗传多样性均直接受到气候因子的影响。

Fig. 1 Models tested by structural equation models of the relationships among genetic diversity, area size, and climatic factors. Black arrows indicate the relationships between each two factors. (A) Model 1: Climatic factors are directly associated with area size of species, while area size is directly associated with genetic diversity. (B) Model 2: Climatic factors are directly associated with both area size and genetic diversity, and area size is directly associated with genetic diversity.

图2 本研究鸟类样本分布(A)及其单倍型多样性(B)和核苷酸多样性(C)

Fig. 2 The distributions of bird samples (A) and their haplotype diversity (B) and nucleotide diversity (C)

表1 鸟类整体结构方程模型结果

Table 1 Structural equation model results of birds

	模型 Models	df	χ²	P	AIC	BIC
单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	模型1 Model 1	6	10.77	> 0.05	2,231.8	2,270.5
单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	模型2 Model 2	0	0	1	2,233.0	2,297.5
核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity	模型1 Model 1	6	87.809	< 0.05	2,230.8	2,269.6
核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity	模型2 Model 2	0	0	1	2,155.0	2,219.6

图3 气候因子、分布面积和遗传多样性(A: 单倍型多样性; B: 核苷酸多样性)的最优结构方程模型。黑色实线/虚线箭头分别表示类群特异的显著/不显著的相关方向。图中线段的粗细对应于其所标注的标准化路径系数的大小。图中涉及的气候因子为年均温(AT)、年均温范围(ATR)、温度季节性范围(STR)、年降水范围(APR)、降水季节性(SP)和降水季节性范围(SPR)。

Fig. 3 The optimal structural equation model illustrating the relationships among climatic factors, area size, and genetic diversity (A, Haplotype diversity; B, Nucleotide diversity). Black solid/dashed arrows indicate correlations with significant/non-significant directions. The thickness of each line segment in the diagram is proportionally representative of the magnitude of the standardized path coefficient indicated adjacent to it. The climatic factors used in this study are annual temperature (AT), annual temperature range (ATR), temperature seasonality range (STR), annual precipitation range (APR), precipitation seasonality (SP), and precipitation seasonality range (SPR).

表2 鸟类6种生态类群结构方程模型结果

Table 2 Results of the structural equation model for the six major ecological groups of birds

	生态类群 Ecological groups	模型1 Model 1					模型2 Model 2
	生态类群 Ecological groups	df	χ²	P	AIC	BIC	df	χ²	P	AIC	BIC
单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	游禽 Natatores (n = 34)	6	10.075	> 0.05	148.732	162.469	0	0	1	150.657	173.552
	涉禽 Wading birds (n = 40)	6	10.986	> 0.05	172.220	187.420	0	0	1	173.234	198.568
	陆禽 Landfowl (n = 30)	6	4.882	> 0.05	143.666	156.277	0	0	1	150.784	171.802
	攀禽 Climbing birds ( n = 73)	6	10.601	> 0.05	327.464	348.078	0	0	1	328.863	363.220
	猛禽 Raptors (n = 32)	6	6.707	> 0.05	130.392	143.584	0	0	1	135.685	157.671
	鸣禽 Songbirds (n = 377)	6	5.264	> 0.05	1,392.849	1,427.849	0	0	1	399.585	1,456.752
核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity	游禽 Natatores (n = 34)	6	6.020	> 0.05	151.392	165.129	0	0	1	157.372	180.268
	涉禽 Wading birds (n = 40)	6	11.259	> 0.05	170.348	185.548	0	0	1	171.089	196.422
	陆禽 Landfowl (n = 30)	6	8.130	> 0.05	138.462	151.073	0	0	1	142.332	163.350
	攀禽 Climbing birds (n = 73)	6	21.202	> 0.05	327.575	348.189	0	0	1	318.373	352.730
	猛禽 Raptors (n = 32)	6	10.006	> 0.05	129.977	143.169	0	0	1	131.972	153.958
	鸣禽 Songbirds (n = 377)	6	71.636	> 0.05	1,395.794	1,430.094	0	0	1	1,336.158	1,393.325

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气候因子对鸟类遗传多样性与物种分布面积关系的影响

Impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity-species area relationship of birds

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