生物多样性

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海南省陆生哺乳动物物种多样性

杨洋1, 邹睿2, 谯娅琴3, 孟想3, 涂飞云1*   

  1. 1. 热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室, , 海口 571158; 2. 海南省热带动植物生态学重点实验室, , 海口 571158; 3. 海南师范大学生命科学学院, 海口 571158
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-03 修回日期:2025-06-17 接受日期:2025-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 涂飞云

The species diversity of terrestrial mammals in Hainan Province, China

Yang Yang1, Rui Zou2, Yaqin Qiao3, Xiang Meng3, Feiyun Tu1*   

  1. 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Haikou 571158, China 

    2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China 

    3 College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China

  • Received:2025-02-03 Revised:2025-06-17 Accepted:2025-08-12
  • Contact: Feiyun Tu

摘要: 为了系统梳理海南陆生哺乳动物名录, 厘定某些物种分类地位, 以及为海南生物多样性保护和管理提供科学参考, 有必要更新海南哺乳动物多样性编目。本研究系统收集了近几十年来海南陆生哺乳动物分类分布的文献资料, 结合野外调查实地数据及红外相机监测数据, 参考最新哺乳动物资料《中国兽类名录(2024版)》以及《中国哺乳动物多样性:编目、分布和与保护》, 对海南岛陆生哺乳动物物种名录进行系统梳理。主要研究结果如下: (1)海南陆生哺乳动物物种有97种, 隶属9目26科61属。其中以翼手目物种数占优势, 其次是啮齿目。(2)此97种陆生哺乳动物中, 国家一级重点保护野生动物有6种, 国家二级重点保护野生动物有11种, 海南特有种有7种, 根据IUCN红色名录(2021年), 受危等级分别为极危(CR) 2种、濒危(EN) 3种、易危(VU) 5种、近危(NT) 6种, 共有10种属于受威胁物种, 占海南陆生哺乳动物物种总数的11.3%。(3)从区系上看, 东洋界85种, 古北界9种, 广布种3种, 其中东洋界占海南陆生哺乳动物种数的87.6%, 占绝对优势。(4)与2009年《海南岛兽类名录整理》相比, 本次陆生哺乳动物名录新增物种22种:南洋鼠(Chiromyscus langbians)、笔尾树鼠(Chiropodomys gliroides)、黑缘齿鼠(Rattus andamanensis)、缅鼠(Rattus exulans)、华南中麝鼩(Crocidura rapax)、大长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)、印度假吸血蝠(Lyroderma lyra)、小蹄蝠(Hipposideros pomona)、普氏蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)、短翼菊头蝠(Rhinolophus shortridgei)、亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus)、暗褐彩蝠(Kerivoula furva)、毛翼蝠(Harpiocephalus harpia)、金管鼻蝠(Murina aurata)、艾氏管鼻蝠(Murina eleryi)、哈氏管鼻蝠(Murina harrisoni)、中华鼠耳蝠(Myotis chinensis)、大卫鼠耳蝠(Myotis davidii)、霍氏鼠耳蝠(Myotis horsfieldii)、高颅鼠耳蝠(Myotis siligorensis)、普通伏翼(Pipistrellus pipistrellus)、侏伏翼(Pipistrellus tenuis), 保留物种75种。本研究对海南省陆生哺乳动物物种名录进行了梳理和更新, 为海南省野生动物保护与管理提供支撑。

关键词: 海南, 陆生哺乳动物, 物种多样性, 区系

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to systematically compile the inventory of terrestrial mammals in Hainan Province, clarify the taxonomic status of certain species, and provide scientific references for the conservation and management of biodiversity in Hainan. 

Methods: We systematically collected literature data on the classification and distribution of terrestrial mammals in Hainan Province over the past few decades. The study integrates field survey data, infrared camera monitoring data, and refers to the most recent references, including the Catalogue of mammals in China (2024) and Diversity of China’s Mammais Inventory, Distribution and Conservation

Results: The main results are as follows: (1) A total of 97 species of terrestrial mammals in Hainan Province, belonging to 9 orders, 26 families, and 61 genera. Chiroptera species dominate, followed by Rodentia. (2) Among the 97 species, 6 are first-class nationally protected rare wild mammals, and 11 are second-class national protection. Additionally, 7 species are endemic to Hainan Province. According to the IUCN Red List (2021), 2 species are Critically Endangered (CR), 3 are Endangered (EN), 5 are Vulnerable (VU), and 6 are Near Threatened (NT), totaling 10 threatened species, which represents 11.3% of the total species. (3) From the perspective of faunal regions, 85 species belong to the Oriental realm, 9 species belong to the Palearctic realm, and 3 species are widely distributed. The Oriental realm accounts for 88% of the terrestrial mammal species in Hainan, showing absolute dominance. (4) A comparison with the 2009 Catalogue of Hainan Island's Mammals reveals 22 newly added species, including Chiromyscus langbians, Chiropodomys gliroides, Rattus andamanensis, Rattus exulans, Crocidura rapax, Eonycteris spelaea, Lyroderma lyra, Hipposideros pomona, Hipposideros pratti, Rhinolophus shortridgei, Miniopterus fuliginosus, Kerivoula furva, Harpiocephalus harpia, Murina aurata, Murina eleryi, Murina harrisoni, Myotis chinensis, Myotis davidii, Myotis horsfieldii, Myotis siligorensis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and Pipistrellus tenuis, while 75 species from the previous catalog remain.

Conclusion: This study through the compilation and updating of the terrestrial mammal species inventory of Hainan Province, provides foundational support for regional wildlife conservation and management efforts.

Key words: Hainan, terrestrial mammal, species diversity, fauna