被动声学技术在城市公园绿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用: 以上海闵行区春申公园为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024262

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 24262. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024262 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024262

被动声学技术在城市公园绿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用: 以上海闵行区春申公园为例

谭娟¹^,², 朱丹丹³, 王卿¹, 王敏¹^,^*()

1.上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
2.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306
3.上海师范大学环境与地理科学学院, 上海 200233

收稿日期:2024-06-25 接受日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-12-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: wangm@saes.sh.cn
基金资助:
上海市科技创新行动计划社会发展项目(22dz1202104);上海市自然科学基金(22ZR1453300)

Application of passive acoustic technology in monitoring bird diversity in urban park green space: A case study of Chunshen Park in Minhang District, Shanghai

Juan Tan¹^,², Dandan Zhu³, Qing Wang¹, Min Wang¹^,^*()

1. Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3. College of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China

Received:2024-06-25 Accepted:2024-09-12 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-12-09
Contact: *E-mail: wangm@saes.sh.cn
Supported by:
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan for Social Development(22dz1202104);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1453300)

1. 附录.pdf(221KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公园绿地是维持城市生物多样性的关键生境。鸟类作为城市生物多样性的指示类群, 其生物多样性格局和保护已成为城市生态学研究的热点, 近年来被动声学技术的应用逐渐成为鸟类多样性监测的发展趋势。为了探讨被动声学技术与传统样线调查方法在城市公园绿地鸟类监测中的有效性差异, 本研究于2023年7月至2024年4月选择上海外环林带典型公园绿地, 采用声纹设备和样线调查法监测鸟类多样性, 在3种生境类型中各布设1套声纹设备, 每天24 h每小时采集前15 min的动物声音数据, 基于无监督音节聚类分析对数据进行处理, 将监测结果与样线调查进行深入比较分析, 评估了两种监测方法的有效性。结果表明: 声纹设备共记录鸟类11目28科49种, 样线调查共记录鸟类5目19科32种, 二者均记录到雀形目种类最多。两种方法监测到的共有种为24种, 监测到的鸟类居留型组成特征一致, 均以留鸟为主。声纹设备记录到的优势种种类多于样线调查, 白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、珠颈斑鸠(Spilopelia chinensis)、乌鸫(Turdus mandarinus)和灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyanus)为二者均记录到的优势种。就不同生境而言, 两种方法均以林湿复合混交林监测到种类数最多, 而林湿复合纯林和混交林种类水平相当, 各生境类型均以春秋季鸟类种类和数量相对较多, 但两种方法监测到的鸟类优势度指数、多样性和均匀度指数等群落特征及其季节变化存在较大差异。基于被动声学的鸟类智慧化监测为城市生物多样性保护研究提供了新的技术路径, 可与传统调查技术方法相结合, 提升监测数据的准确性和全面性。

关键词: 被动声学, 城市公园绿地, 鸟类, 监测, 多样性

Abstract

Aims: Urban green spaces are critical habitats for maintaining biodiversity in cities. As indicators of urban biodiversity, birds have attracted significant attention in urban ecology research due to their biodiversity patterns and conservation. Passive acoustic monitoring has emerged as an important tool in bird diversity studies. This study aims to explore the effectiveness between passive acoustic monitoring and traditional transect survey for bird monitoring in urban park green space.

Methods: From July 2023 to April 2024, acoustic monitoring equipment and line transect surveys were utilized to monitor bird diversity in Chunshen Park in Minhang District within Shanghai’s outer-loop forest belt. One set of acoustic devices was deployed in each of the three habitat types, collecting animal sound data for the first 15 minutes of every hour, 24 hours a day. The data were processed using unsupervised syllable clustering analysis. An in-depth comparison and analysis of the monitoring results and line transect surveys were conducted to assess the effectiveness of both monitoring methods.

Results: The acoustic devices recorded 49 species from 11 orders and 28 families, while the transect surveys recorded 32 species from 5 orders and 19 families, both predominantly including species from the Passeriformes. A total of 24 common species were recorded by the two methods, with consistent characteristics in residency type, predominantly featuring resident birds. Acoustic devices recorded more dominant species compared to transect surveys, with the common dominant species recorded by the two methods being Pycnonotus sinensis, Spilopelia chinensis, Turdus mandarinusand Cyanopica cyanus. Across different habitats, both methods consistently identified the highest species richness in mixed forest wetlands, while the levels were similar in pure forest wetlands and mixed forests. Generally, spring and autumn exhibited higher species richness and abundance across habitat types, though significant seasonal variations were observed in community metrics such as dominance, diversity, and evenness indices between the two monitoring methods.

Conclusion: Intelligent bird monitoring based on passive acoustic techniques provides a new technical path for urban biodiversity conservation research, which can be combined with traditional survey techniques and methods to improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of monitoring data.

Key words: passive acoustic, urban park green space, birds, monitoring, diversity

谭娟, 朱丹丹, 王卿, 王敏 (2024) 被动声学技术在城市公园绿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用: 以上海闵行区春申公园为例. 生物多样性, 32, 24262. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024262.

Juan Tan, Dandan Zhu, Qing Wang, Min Wang (2024) Application of passive acoustic technology in monitoring bird diversity in urban park green space: A case study of Chunshen Park in Minhang District, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24262. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024262.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024262

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I10/24262

图/表 5

图1 春申公园鸟类多样性监测声纹设备及调查样线布设图。CS1: 林湿复合混交林; CS2: 林湿复合纯林; CS3: 混交林。

Fig. 1 Distribution of voicing equipments and survey transects for bird biodiversity monitoring in Chunshen Park. CS1, Mixed forest in forest-wetland complex; CS2, Monotypic forest in forest-wetland complex; CS3, Mixed forest.

表1 春申公园鸟类多样性监测声纹设备监测数据处理信息表

Table 1 Data processing information of acoustic equipment for bird biodiversity monitoring in Chunshen Park

处理流程 Process flow	数据状态 Data status	数据量 Data volume
处理流程 Process flow	数据状态 Data status	林湿复合混交林 Mixed forest in forest-wetland complex (CS1)	林湿复合纯林 Monotypic forest in forest-wetland complex (CS2)	混交林 Mixed forest (CS3)
1. 筛选置信度 ≥ 60%的独立事件数据 Filter independent event data with a confidence level of at least 60%	有效数据 Valid data	6,368	3,335	1,650
2. 专家初步确认 Preliminary confirmation by experts	确认 Confirm	6,289	3,298	1,624
2. 专家初步确认 Preliminary confirmation by experts	待确认 To be confirmed	79	37	26
3. 二次识别确认 Secondary identification confirmation	无效数据 Invalid data	14	2	4
	确认 Confirm	26	10	8
	修改 Modify	39	25	14
4. 最终确认 Final confirmation	准确数据 Accurate data	6,354	3,333	1,646

图2 声纹监测与样线调查的春申公园鸟类群落组成对比。CS1: 林湿复合混交林; CS2: 林湿复合纯林; CS3: 混交林。

Fig. 2 Comparison of bird community composition between acoustic monitoring and line transect surveys in Chunshen Park. CS1, Mixed forest in forest-wetland complex; CS2, Monotypic forest in forest-wetland complex; CS3, Mixed forest.

表2 声纹监测和样线调查的春申公园鸟类群落特征

Table 2 Characteristics of bird communities investigated by acoustic monitoring and line transect surveys in Chunshen Park

监测方法 Monitoring method	多样性指数 Diversity index	林湿复合混交林 Mixed forest in forest-wetland complex (CS1)	林湿复合纯林 Monotypic forest in forest-wetland complex (CS2)	混交林 Mixed forest (CS3)
声纹监测 Acoustic monitoring	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	0.269	0.210	0.172
	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	1.408	1.336	1.600
	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	0.374	0.376	0.458
样线调查 Line transect surveys	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	0.106	0.159	0.486
	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	2.646	2.135	1.316
	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	0.771	0.788	0.475

图3 声纹监测和样线调查鸟类群落结构季节变化特征。CS1: 林湿复合混交林; CS2: 林湿复合纯林; CS3: 混交林。

Fig. 3 Seasonal variation characteristics of bird community structure surveyed by acoustic monitoring and line transect surveys. CS1, Mixed forest in forest-wetland complex; CS2, Monotypic forest in forest-wetland complex; CS3, Mixed forest.

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被动声学技术在城市公园绿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用: 以上海闵行区春申公园为例

Application of passive acoustic technology in monitoring bird diversity in urban park green space: A case study of Chunshen Park in Minhang District, Shanghai

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