雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区植被分类系统与群系多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2026139

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 26139. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026139 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2026139

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区植被分类系统与群系多样性

杨琦¹^,²(), 武泼泼³(), 王孜⁴(), 贾宁霞¹^,²(), 王世松⁵(), 胡君⁶(), 王永胜¹^,²(), 韩蓓蕾¹^,²(), 谢欣益¹^,²(), 郭柯¹^,²(), 刘长成¹^,^*()()

¹ 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³ 浙江生态文明干部学院, 浙江湖州 313004
⁴ 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002
⁵ 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
⁶ 中国科学院成都生物研究所青藏高原生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 成都 610213

收稿日期:2026-04-16 接受日期:2026-05-23 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-09-21
通讯作者: 刘长成
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0301);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050402)

Vegetation classification system and alliance diversity of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

Qi Yang¹^,²(), Popo Wu³(), Zi Wang⁴(), Ningxia Jia¹^,²(), Shisong Wang⁵(), Jun Hu⁶(), Yongsheng Wang¹^,²(), Beilei Han¹^,²(), Xinyi Xie¹^,²(), Ke Guo¹^,²(), Changcheng Liu¹^,^*()()

¹ Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Executive Leadership Academy, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313004, China
⁴ College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
⁵ School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
⁶ Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China

Received:2026-04-16 Accepted:2026-05-23 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-09-21
Contact: Changcheng Liu
Supported by:
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0301);Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050402)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区地处青藏高原东南缘, 因其独特的地形与气候条件, 有着全球最完整的山地植被垂直带谱, 其植被发育完整、独特, 多样性丰富。以往保护区的植被研究多聚焦中低海拔段的森林和原生植被, 对高海拔段的灌丛、草本植被及次生植被等关注不足, 已有的植被调查结果和分类系统未能全面反映该区域的植被多样性。本研究基于2019-2025年在保护区范围内设置的493个样地、590个样方、16,648个样点的调查数据及文献资料, 依据《中国植被分类系统修订方案》分类原则, 编制了该保护区的植被分类系统, 并将其植被类型划分为5个植被型组、20个植被型、34个植被亚型、162个群系。和以往研究资料相比, 本文新增了75个群系类型记录, 其中森林27个、灌丛25个、草本植被20个、沼泽与水生植被3个, 主要有印度锥(Castanopsis indica)林、高山柏(Juniperus squamata)林、高山栎(Quercus semecarpifolia)林、大叶水榕(Ficus glaberrima)林、墨脱紫菀(Aster motuoensis)灌丛、以柯属(Lithocarpus)植物为建群种的常绿阔叶林、分布于高海拔段的杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)灌丛与杂类草高寒草甸、次生植被如马蹄荷(Exbucklandia populnea)林与粗壮琼楠(Beilschmiedia robusta)林等。新群系类型的发现与植被分类系统的完善展示了保护区丰富的植被多样性与植被类型本底资料, 可为后续植被研究、生物多样性保育和生态保护提供基础框架和参考。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布大峡谷, 植被类型, 植被分类系统, 群系, 国家级自然保护区

Abstract

Aims: The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, characterized by its unique topographic and climatic conditions, harbors the world’s most complete montane vertical vegetation spectrum and supports highly diverse, distinctive, and well-developed vegetation. Previous studies in the reserve have mainly focused on forest and primary vegetation at low and middle elevations, whereas high elevation shrublands, herbaceous vegetation, and secondary vegetation have received much less attention. As a consequence, existing vegetation surveys and classification systems have not fully reflected the vegetation diversity of the region. This study aims to compile a more complete vegetation classification system for the reserve and to clarify its newly recorded alliances.
Methods: Based on surveys of 493 stands, 590 plots, and 16,648 survey points conducted within the reserve, together with previous literature, and following the principles of A revised scheme of vegetation classification system of China, we compiled a vegetation classification system for the reserve.
Results: The vegetation of the reserve was classified into 5 vegetation formation groups, 20 vegetation formations, 34 vegetation subformations, and 162 alliances. Compared with previous studies, 75 alliances were newly recorded (27 for forest types, 25 for shrubland types, 20 for herbaceous vegetation types, and 3 for swamp and aquatic vegetation types). Representative newly recorded types include Castanopsis indica forest, Juniperus squamata forest, Quercus semecarpifolia forest, Ficus glaberrima forest, Aster motuoensis shrubland, evergreen broadleaf forest dominated by Lithocarpus species, alpine cold-temperate evergreen broadleaf shrubland dominated by Rhododendron species and forb alpine meadow grassland, secondary vegetation types such as Exbucklandia populnea forest and Beilschmiedia robusta forest.
Conclusions: This study further develops the vegetation classification system of the reserve, resulting in a more complete classification scheme, including more fully documented forest vegetation as well as previously underrepresented shrublands and herbaceous vegetation at high elevations, and secondary vegetation. Together with the newly recorded alliance types, this provides a more complete account of the abundance of vegetation diversity as well as the baseline data on vegetation types in the reserve, offering a scientific basis for future vegetation research, biodiversity conservation and ecological protection in the region.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, vegetation types, vegetation classification system, alliance, national nature reserve

杨琦, 武泼泼, 王孜, 贾宁霞, 王世松, 胡君, 王永胜, 韩蓓蕾, 谢欣益, 郭柯, 刘长成 (2026) 雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区植被分类系统与群系多样性. 生物多样性, 34, 26139. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026139.

Qi Yang, Popo Wu, Zi Wang, Ningxia Jia, Shisong Wang, Jun Hu, Yongsheng Wang, Beilei Han, Xinyi Xie, Ke Guo, Changcheng Liu (2026) Vegetation classification system and alliance diversity of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 34, 26139. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026139.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026139

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I7/26139

图/表 1

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植被型 Vegetation formation	植被亚型 Vegetation subformation	群系数量 No. of alliances
森林 Forest		77(27)
落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	寒温性落叶针叶林 Cold-Temperate Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	2
落叶与常绿针叶混交林 Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	寒温性和温性落叶与常绿针叶混交林 Cold-Temperate Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	3(3)
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	寒温性常绿针叶林 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	6(2)
	温性常绿针叶林 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	5
	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	2
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	温性针叶与阔叶混交林 Temperate Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	3
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	1(1)
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	寒温性落叶阔叶林 Cold-Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	1
	温性落叶阔叶林 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	7(4)
	暖性落叶阔叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	4(1)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	典型常绿阔叶林 Typical Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	13(8)
	季风常绿阔叶林 Monsoon Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	15(6)
	半常绿阔叶林 Semi-Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	4
	硬叶常绿阔叶林 Sclerophyllous Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	4(1)
雨林 Rainforest	季节性雨林 Seasonal Rainforest	5(1)
竹林 Bamboo Forest	暖性竹林 Subtropical Bamboo Forest	2
灌丛 Shrubland		47(25)
常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen Needleleaf Shrubland	寒温性常绿针叶灌丛 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Shrubland	1
落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	高寒落叶阔叶灌丛 Alpine Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	13(8)
	温性落叶阔叶灌丛 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	7(5)
	暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	2(2)
常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	寒温性常绿阔叶灌丛 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	22(8)
常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	温性常绿阔叶灌丛 Temperate Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	1(1)
竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	寒温性和温性竹丛 Cold-Temperate and Temperate Bamboo Shrubland	1(1)
草本植被 Herbaceous vegetation		30(20)
丛生草类草地 Tussock Grassland	丛生草类典型草原 Tussock Typical Steppe Grassland	1(1)
丛生草类草地 Tussock Grassland	丛生草类高寒草甸 Tussock Alpine Meadow Grassland	1
根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland	根茎草类高寒草甸 Rhizome Alpine Meadow Grassland	1
根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland	根茎草类沼泽草甸 Rhizome Swamp Meadow Grassland	1(1)
杂类草草地 Forb Grassland	杂类草高寒草甸 Forb Alpine Meadow Grassland	21(17)
灌草丛 Shrubby Grassland	亚热带与热带灌草丛 Subtropical and Tropical Shrubby Grassland	5(1)
高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation		2
高山稀疏植被 Alpine Sparse Vegetation	高山稀疏植被 Alpine Sparse Vegetation	2
沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation		6(3)
木本沼泽 Woody Swamp	木本沼泽 Woody Swamp	2(2)
草本与苔藓沼泽 Herb and Moss Swamp	草本沼泽 Herb Swamp	1
水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	挺水植被 Emerged Aquatic Vegetation	2
水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	浮叶植被 Rooted Floating Leaf Aquatic Vegetation	1(1)
合计 Total		162(75)

植被型 Vegetation formation	植被亚型 Vegetation subformation	群系数量 No. of alliances
森林 Forest		77(27)
落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	寒温性落叶针叶林 Cold-Temperate Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	2
落叶与常绿针叶混交林 Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	寒温性和温性落叶与常绿针叶混交林 Cold-Temperate Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	3(3)
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	寒温性常绿针叶林 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	6(2)
	温性常绿针叶林 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	5
	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	2
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	温性针叶与阔叶混交林 Temperate Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	3
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	1(1)
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	寒温性落叶阔叶林 Cold-Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	1
	温性落叶阔叶林 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	7(4)
	暖性落叶阔叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	4(1)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	典型常绿阔叶林 Typical Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	13(8)
	季风常绿阔叶林 Monsoon Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	15(6)
	半常绿阔叶林 Semi-Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	4
	硬叶常绿阔叶林 Sclerophyllous Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	4(1)
雨林 Rainforest	季节性雨林 Seasonal Rainforest	5(1)
竹林 Bamboo Forest	暖性竹林 Subtropical Bamboo Forest	2
灌丛 Shrubland		47(25)
常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen Needleleaf Shrubland	寒温性常绿针叶灌丛 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Shrubland	1
落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	高寒落叶阔叶灌丛 Alpine Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	13(8)
	温性落叶阔叶灌丛 Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	7(5)
	暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	2(2)
常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	寒温性常绿阔叶灌丛 Cold-Temperate Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	22(8)
常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	温性常绿阔叶灌丛 Temperate Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	1(1)
竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	寒温性和温性竹丛 Cold-Temperate and Temperate Bamboo Shrubland	1(1)
草本植被 Herbaceous vegetation		30(20)
丛生草类草地 Tussock Grassland	丛生草类典型草原 Tussock Typical Steppe Grassland	1(1)
丛生草类草地 Tussock Grassland	丛生草类高寒草甸 Tussock Alpine Meadow Grassland	1
根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland	根茎草类高寒草甸 Rhizome Alpine Meadow Grassland	1
根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland	根茎草类沼泽草甸 Rhizome Swamp Meadow Grassland	1(1)
杂类草草地 Forb Grassland	杂类草高寒草甸 Forb Alpine Meadow Grassland	21(17)
灌草丛 Shrubby Grassland	亚热带与热带灌草丛 Subtropical and Tropical Shrubby Grassland	5(1)
高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation		2
高山稀疏植被 Alpine Sparse Vegetation	高山稀疏植被 Alpine Sparse Vegetation	2
沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation		6(3)
木本沼泽 Woody Swamp	木本沼泽 Woody Swamp	2(2)
草本与苔藓沼泽 Herb and Moss Swamp	草本沼泽 Herb Swamp	1
水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	挺水植被 Emerged Aquatic Vegetation	2
水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	浮叶植被 Rooted Floating Leaf Aquatic Vegetation	1(1)
合计 Total		162(75)

雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区植被分类系统与群系多样性

Vegetation classification system and alliance diversity of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

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