湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态及保护策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2024581

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 24581. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024581 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024581

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态及保护策略

田书荣¹^,^*()(), 魏营²(), 肖芬¹(), 周芸芸¹(), 解宜兴², 王丞²(), 宋芬¹, 梁志强³(), 桂小杰⁴^,^*()()

1.湖南省林业科学院, 长沙 410004
2.湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区事务中心, 湖南张家界 427400
3.湖南省水产科学研究所, 长沙 410153
4.湖南省林业局, 长沙 410004

收稿日期:2024-12-23 接受日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-27
通讯作者: *Email: 139685878@qq.com;wildlifecn@163.com
基金资助:
中央财政林草科技推广示范资金项目(2025XT015);湖南省林业科技创新与攻关项目(XLKY202303)

Population dynamics and conservation strategies of Andrias davidianus in Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, China

Shurong Tian¹^,^*()(), Ying Wei²(), Fen Xiao¹(), Yunyun Zhou¹(), Yixing Xie², Cheng Wang²(), Fen Song¹, Zhiqiang Liang³(), Xiaojie Gui⁴^,^*()()

1 Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
2 Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve Administration Center, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427400, China
3 Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
4 Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China

Received:2024-12-23 Accepted:2025-05-14 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-27
Contact: *Email: 139685878@qq.com;wildlifecn@163.com
Supported by:
Central Government Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Demonstration Project(2025XT015);Hunan Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Key Research Project(XLKY202303)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 种群动态分析是制定濒危物种保护策略的重要依据。中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)为我国特有两栖动物, 其野外种群状况不明。为探讨种群增长模型在种群动态分析及物种保护成效量化评价中的可行性, 本文以湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区的中国大鲵为研究对象, 基于2006-2021年的野外调查数据和2000-2024年的增殖放流统计数据, 应用种群增长模型模拟分析了该保护区中国大鲵的种群动态、环境容纳量及增殖放流效果。结果表明: (1)该种群年均增长率为0.1722 ± 0.0324, 环境容纳量K值为51,190条, 目前种群处于指数增长阶段; (2)中国大鲵种群在增殖放流和无增殖放流两种情形下, 其种群增长曲线呈现极显著差异。在无增殖放流情形下, 种群指数和Logistic增长模型中的瞬时增长率分别下降了16.27%和32.11%。(3)增殖放流对中国大鲵野生种群复壮效果明显, 按照目前增殖放流量测算, 40年后种群数量将达到环境容纳量的峰值。基于种群增长模型分析种群动态具有可行性, 其研究成果对制定中长期濒危物种保护策略具有较好的应用前景; 对张家界大鲵保护区中国大鲵种群动态分析研究结果显示, 增殖放流(种群补充)效果明显; 中国大鲵种群增长率相对较低, 实施增殖放流和栖息地修复等保护措施十分必要。鉴于目前的种群增长率、种群增长趋势及环境容纳量, 建议持续实施增殖放流措施, 并按水系和遗传支系筛选增殖放流个体, 以本地亲本繁育后代为增殖放流个体来源, 防止野生种群基因混杂并确保种群稳定增长, 重点加强出苗点的保护和恢复。本结果可为中国大鲵或其他濒危物种种群动态分析、保护成效评估和保护策略制定提供参考。

关键词: 中国大鲵, 濒危物种, 种群动态, 种群增长模型, 保护策略, 湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区

Abstract

Aims: Population dynamics analysis is a crucial basis for formulating conservation strategies of endangered species. The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is an endemic amphibian in China, and the status of its wild populations remains unclear. Through population dynamics analysis, this study aims to provide a basis for the conservation strategies of the Chinese giant salamander.

Methods: This study took the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) as the focal taxon in Zhangjiajie Chinese Giant Salamader National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, China, based on the field survey data obtained from 2006 to 2021 and was complemented by comprehensive stock enhancement and release statistics spanning from 2000 to 2024. Utilizing population growth models, the study examined the population dynamics, carrying capacity, and the efficacy of stock enhancement measures for the Chinese giant salamander population.

Results: The results showed that: (1) The average annual population growth rate was 0.1722 ± 0.0324, with a carrying capacity (K) value of 51,190 individuals. The current population was in an exponential growth phase. (2) There was a highly significant difference in population growth curves between stock enhancement and non-stock enhancement scenarios. In the non-stock enhancement scenario, the instantaneous growth rates in the exponential and Logistic growth functions decreased by 16.27% and 32.11%, respectively. (3) Stock enhancement has demonstrably reinvigorated wild populations of Chinese giant salamander, under the current release regime, population size is projected to reach the environmental carrying capacity in 40 years.

Conclusion: Empirical validation confirms the feasibility of leveraging population growth models to project demographic trajectories, rendering them powerful tools for devising medium to long-term conservation strategies for endangered species; Stock enhancement has a significant effect on the recovery of the wild population of the Chinese giant salamander. Based on the current stock enhancement volume, the population size is projected to reach the peak of the carrying capacity in 40 years. Considering the current population growth rate, population growth trajectory, and environmental carrying capacity, continuous stock enhancement measures should be implemented, and individuals for stock enhancement should be selected based on river systems and genetic lineages, with offspring from local broodstock as the source of stock enhancement individuals. This approach can prevent genetic mixing in wild populations and ensure stable population growth. Additionally, protection and restoration efforts should be focused on breeding sites. This study offers valuable guidance for the analysis of population dynamics, the assessment of conservation effectiveness, and the development of conservation strategies for the Chinese giant salamander and other endangered species.

Key words: Chinese giant salamander, endangered species, population dynamics, population growth models, conservation strategies, Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve

田书荣, 魏营, 肖芬, 周芸芸, 解宜兴, 王丞, 宋芬, 梁志强, 桂小杰 (2025) 湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态及保护策略. 生物多样性, 33, 24581. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024581.

Shurong Tian, Ying Wei, Fen Xiao, Yunyun Zhou, Yixing Xie, Cheng Wang, Fen Song, Zhiqiang Liang, Xiaojie Gui (2025) Population dynamics and conservation strategies of Andrias davidianus in Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24581. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024581.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024581

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I7/24581

图/表 4

表1 湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态

Table 1 Population dynamics of Andrias davidianus in the Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, China

年份 Year	种群数量 Population size	种群增长率 Population growth rate (%)	样线长度密度(尾/km) Density of transect length (ind./km)	样线面积密度(尾/100 m²) Density of transect area (ind./100 m²)
2006	2,000		1.53	0.14
2013	7,360	20.45	5.62	0.51
2021	20,963	13.97	16.00	1.47

表2 无补充情形种群动态模拟分析参数

Table 2 Parameters for population dynamics simulation analysis under non-supplementation scenario

年份 Year	种群数量 Population size	补充个体数量 Individuals of supplementation	无补充情形种群数量 Population size under non-supplementation scenario
2006	2,000	992	1,008
2013	7,360	5,952	1,408
2021	20,963	13,889	7,075

图1 在补充和无补充情形下中国大鲵种群指数和Logistic增长曲线

Fig. 1 The population exponential growth curve and logistic growth curve of the Chinese giant salamander under supplementation and non-supplementation scenarios

表3 在补充和无补充情形下中国大鲵种群增长模型主要参数值比较

Table 3 Comparison and analysis of key parameters for population growth models of the Chinese giant salamander under supplementation (Supp.) and non-supplementation (NSupp.) scenarios

参数 Parameters	补充 Supp.	无补充 NSupp.	增加 Increase (%)
指数增长模型r值 r value of EGM	0.1658	0.1426	16.27
Logistic增长模型r值 r value of LGM	0.2012	0.1523	32.11
种群增长到K峰值时间(年) The time of population reaches the peak of K (Year)	40	60	‒50

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湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态及保护策略

Population dynamics and conservation strategies of Andrias davidianus in Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, China

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