生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24540.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024540  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024540

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市化过程中不同用地类型对土壤真核生物多样性的影响

马尚飞1,2, 龚鑫1*, 上官华媛1,3, 姚海凤1,3, 王滨1, 李志鹏1, 孙新2*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室/福建省流域生态重点实验室, 福建厦门 361021; 2. 河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071000; 3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 修回日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 孙新

Effects of urbanization and different land use types on soil eukaryotic biodiversity

Shangfei Ma1,2, Xin Gong1*, Huayuan Shangguan1,3, Haifeng Yao1,3, Bin Wang1, Zhipeng Li1, Xin Sun2*   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health/Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China 

    2 School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China 

    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2025-01-14 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-03
  • Contact: Xin Sun

摘要: 随着城市化进程的不断加快, 大量森林和农田土地被城市建筑物、道路和其他基础设施所占用, 这些由城市化引起的土地利用变化会导致生物多样性丧失, 但当前对于地下生物多样性对城市化和土地利用变化的响应研究仍然不足。土壤真核生物作为地下生物多样性的重要组成部分, 在维持土壤健康和土壤生态功能方面发挥着关键作用。为探究城市土壤真核生物的多样性特征及其环境驱动因素, 本研究在宁波市选择了2种非城市用地(森林与农田)和5种城市用地(公园、绿化带、工业区、居民区和医院), 解析了5种关键土壤真核生物类群(真菌、原生生物、线虫、节肢动物和环节动物)的多样性对城市化和不同城市绿地类型的响应规律。研究结果显示, 总体真核生物在城市绿地中的丰富度显著低于农田, 其中城市绿地土壤中节肢动物的丰富度显著低于森林用地, 城市绿化带土壤中原生生物的丰富度下降最为明显。土壤真核生物的β多样性在森林、城市绿地以及农田3种生境中存在显著差异, 其中节肢动物与原生生物在城市绿地中的异质性最高, 而5种城市绿地间除了环节动物外的其余土壤真核生物β多样性无显著差异。所有土壤真核生物类群在不同用地之间的差异主要由β周转组分来驱动。土壤pH和总磷含量可能是影响土壤真核生物群落多样性变化的主要驱动因子。其中, 真菌和环节动物的丰富度与土壤pH呈负相关, 土壤pH、质地以及含水率也会降低原生生物丰富度, 而总磷含量升高则与原生生物丰富度呈正相关。总体上, 城市绿地可能导致真核生物类群均质化, 通过土壤改良等手段提升土壤理化属性的空间异质性, 从而为城市土壤真核生物多样性的提升创造可能。

关键词: 城市化, 土地利用, 城市绿地类型, 土壤真核生物, 土壤pH, 土壤总磷含量

Abstract

Background & Aims: With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, large areas of forest and farmland are being occupied by urban buildings, roads and other infrastructures. These land use changes caused by urbanization may lead to soil biodiversity loss. However, research on soil biodiversity is still insufficient. As an important component of soil biodiversity, soil eukaryotes play a key role in maintaining soil health. The purpose of this study is to explore the diversity characteristics of eukaryotes in urban soil and their environmental drivers. 

Method: We selected two types of non-urban land (forest and farmland) and five types of urban green spaces (park, greenbelt, industrial area, residential area, and hospital) in Ningbo City. The diversity of soil eukaryotes (including fungi, Protozoa, Nematoda, Arthropoda and Annelida) was analyzed in response to urbanization and land use types. 

Results: The richness of eukaryotes in urban greenspaces was significantly lower than that in farmland, and the richness of Arthropoda in urban greenspaces soil was significantly lower than that in forest land, and the decline in the richness of Protozoa in the soil of urban greenbelt is most pronounced. The β diversity of soil eukaryotes was significantly different between forest, farmland, and urban greenspaces. There was no significant difference in β diversity of soil eukaryotes among the five urban greenspaces, except for the Annelida. The differences among all soil eukaryotic groups at different land use types were mainly driven by β turnover components. Soil pH and total phosphorus content may be the main driving factors affecting the diversity of soil eukaryotic community. Among them, the richness of fungi and Annelida were negatively correlated with soil pH, texture and water content also decreased the Protozoa richness, while the increase of total phosphorus content was positively correlated with the Protozoa richness. 

Perspectives: In general, urban greenspaces will lead to the homogenization of eukaryotic groups, and enhance the spatial heterogeneity of soil physical and chemical properties through soil improvement and other means, thus creating possibilities for the improvement of urban soil eukaryotic biodiversity.

Key words: urbanization, land use, urban greenspaces, soil eukaryotes, soil pH, soil total phosphorus content