云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林优势树种的种群结构与更新特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2023251

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 23251. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023251

• 半湿润常绿阔叶林专题 • 上一篇下一篇

云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林优势树种的种群结构与更新特征

刘文聪¹, 田希¹, 杨涛¹, 饶杰生¹, 王晓凤¹, 钱恒君¹, 涂梦灵¹, 单子铭¹, 欧晓昆¹, 沈泽昊²^,¹^,^*()

1.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650091
2.北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2023-07-11 接受日期:2023-11-19 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-29
通讯作者: * E-mail: shzh@urban.pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省科技厅-云南大学双一流学科建设重大专项(2018FY001-002);云南省基础研究计划重大项目课题(202101BC07 0002)

Population structure and regeneration characteristics of dominant tree species in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

Wencong Liu¹, Xi Tian¹, Tao Yang¹, Jiesheng Rao¹, Xiaofeng Wang¹, Hengjun Qian¹, Mengling Tu¹, Ziming Shan¹, Xiaokun Ou¹, Zehao Shen²^,¹^,^*()

1 School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
2 Kay Laboratory of MOE for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received:2023-07-11 Accepted:2023-11-19 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-29
Contact: * E-mail: shzh@urban.pku.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林是中国西南地区独特的森林类型, 研究群落优势种更新的时空格局和策略对理解其动态特征和驱动机制具有重要意义。基于云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林动态监测样地第一次群落调查数据, 我们对5个优势树种的幼苗、幼树数量特征进行统计, 比较其种群结构, 用概率密度函数g(r)分析了更新种群与成树种群的多尺度空间格局, 运用普通最小二乘回归模型和多尺度地理加权回归模型评估了优势树种更新密度的影响因素。结果表明: (1)阔叶树种元江栲(Castanopsis orthacantha)、高山栲(C. delavayi)、银木荷(Schima argentea)以及白穗石栎(Lithocarpus craibianus)具有增长型种群的径级结构; 而针叶树种云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)种群具有衰退型种群结构。(2) 5个优势树种的更新种群与成树种群格局在小尺度(0-50 m)上均呈聚集分布, 随着尺度增大聚集强度下降, 转为随机分布或均匀分布。其中4个阔叶树种更新种群和成树种群的分布在小尺度上显著正关联, 而云南松的更新种群与成树种群分布呈显著负关联。(3)对于种群更新密度变化, 多尺度地理加权回归模型对幼苗和幼树的解释量(R²)比普通最小二乘回归模型分别提升了58.7%和26.9%, 显示了空间自相关的影响。模型结果表明, 幼苗密度格局受生境因子的限制较弱, 而受种子扩散等随机过程的影响更大; 相对地, 幼树密度格局受生境因子的限制更强。研究结果为理解这一植物群落类型的动态和构建机制提供了科学证据。

关键词: 半湿润常绿阔叶林, 径级结构, 空间结构, 天然更新, 影响因子

Abstract

Aim: Subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is a unique forest type in Southwest China. We expect to enhance our understanding of the characteristics and drivers of community dynamics in this ecosystem by studying the spatial and temporal patterns and regeneration strategies of the dominant tree species.

Methods: Using the first community survey data of the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains, Yunnan Province, we explored the patterns of seedlings, saplings, and adults of five dominant tree species and compared their population structure in DBH classes. The multi-scale spatial patterns of regeneration and adult populations were modeled using a probability density function g(r). A comparison of ordinary least squared and multi-scale geographical weighting regression models were used to assess the factors influencing the seedling and sapling density of the dominant tree species.

Result: (1) Castanopsis orthacantha, C. delavayi, Schima argentea, and Lithocarpus craibianus exhibited a growing population DBH class structure. The Pinus yunnanensis had a declining population structure. (2) The patterns of regeneration and adult populations of all five species were clustered at small scales (0-50 m), but the intensity of clustering decreased with increasing scales, shifting to random or uniform distributions. The distributions of juvenile and adult populations of Pinus yunnanensis showed a significant negative correlation at small scales, while the distribution of juvenile and adult populations of the other four broad-leaved species showed a significant positive correlation. (3) The multi-scale geographical weighting regression model explained 58.7% and 26.9% more than the ordinary least squares model for the change of population regeneration densities of seedlings and saplings, respectively, showing a significant effect of spatial autocorrelation in population patterns. The model results indicated that the seedling density pattern was constrained more by stochasticity in seed dispersal than by habitat factors, while the sapling density pattern was dominated by that of habitat factors.

Conclusions: Except for Pinus yunnanensis, the other four dominant tree species in the sample plot of the semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains regenerate well. The spatial patterns of regeneration of all five species are constrained by both stochastic dispersal limitation and deterministic environmental filtration, but the dominant constraint shifts from the former to the later as regeneration progressesfrom the seedling phase to the sapling phase.

Key words: semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, DBH class structure, spatial structure, natural regeneration, influencing factors

刘文聪, 田希, 杨涛, 饶杰生, 王晓凤, 钱恒君, 涂梦灵, 单子铭, 欧晓昆, 沈泽昊 (2023) 云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林优势树种的种群结构与更新特征. 生物多样性, 31, 23251. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023251.

Wencong Liu, Xi Tian, Tao Yang, Jiesheng Rao, Xiaofeng Wang, Hengjun Qian, Mengling Tu, Ziming Shan, Xiaokun Ou, Zehao Shen (2023) Population structure and regeneration characteristics of dominant tree species in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23251. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023251.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023251

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I11/23251

图/表 4

表1 鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林动态监测样地群落优势树种龄级和径级划分表

Table 1 Age class and diameter at breast height (DBH) class division of dominant tree species in the communities of the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains

阶段 Stage	龄级 Age class	径级 DBH class	胸径 DBH (cm)
更新 Regeneration	幼苗 Seedling	〇	DBH < 1
更新 Regeneration	幼树 Sapling	Ⅰ	1 ≤ DBH < 7.5
成树 Adult tree	中龄 Mid-aged	Ⅱ	7.5 ≤ DBH < 22.5
	大龄 Old-aged	Ⅲ	22.5 ≤ DBH < 47.5
	老龄 Over-aged	Ⅳ	DBH ≥ 47.5

图1 5个优势树种在鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林动态监测样地中和3个群落类型中的径级结构图。C.d.: 高山栲; C.o.: 元江栲; P.y.: 云南松; S.a.: 银木荷; L.c.: 白穗石栎。

Fig. 1 The DBH class structure of the five dominant tree species in three communities and the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizhu Mountains Plot. C.d., Castanopsis delavayi; C.o., C. orthacantha; P.y., Pinus yunnanensis; S.a., Shima argentea; L.c., Lithocarpus craibianus.

图2 5个优势树种更新种群和成树种群的聚集强度及更新种群-成树种群联结度随尺度变化的格局。(a)更新种群(含径级O和I); (b)成树种群(含径级II, III, IV); (c)更新种群和成树种群的空间关联。

Fig. 2 The scaling patterns of aggregation intensity for regeneration and adult populations, and the offspring-adult linkage of five dominant tree species in the forest plot. (a) Regeneration populations (including DBH classes O and I); (b) Adult populations (including DBH class II, III, IV); (c) Spatial associations of regeneration and adult populations.

表2 基于普通最小二乘(OLS)回归模型与多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型的更新幼苗和幼树密度格局解释

Table 2 Comparison between ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and multi-scale geographical weighting regression (MGWR) model interpreting the spatial patterns of tree regeneration density, including seedlings and samplings

对象 Objects	变量 Variable	OLS		MGWR
对象 Objects	变量 Variable	系数 Estimate	P	系数范围 Value range	带宽 Bandwidth	ENP_j/∑ENP_j
幼苗 Seedlings	截距 Intercept			(-1.100, 2.500)	48	23.0%
	乔木胸高断面积之和 Sum of basal area of trees (TSBA)	0.320	*	(-0.044, 1.350)	46	33.0%
	乔木种种丰富度 Tree species richness (TSR)	-0.109	*	(-1.40, 1.890)	217	30.0%
	pH	-0.280	*	(-0.06, -0.400)	504	4.0%
	Adj. R²	0.136		0.723
幼树 Saplings	截距 Intercept			(-0.50, 1.400)	48	34.0%
	TSBA	0.588	*	(0.240, 2.960)	60	31.0%
	地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index (TWI)	0.179	*	(-0.200, 0.270)	504	4.0%
	全氮 Total nitrogen (TotN)	0.037	*	(-0.08, 0.100)	89	17.0%
	粉粒含量 Silt content (Sc)	0.390	*	(0.340, 0.410)	115	14.0%
	Adj. R²	0.507		0.776

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云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林优势树种的种群结构与更新特征

Population structure and regeneration characteristics of dominant tree species in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

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