极小种群野生植物黄梅秤锤树群落结构与动态

doi:10.17520/biods.2018055

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 749-759. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018055

极小种群野生植物黄梅秤锤树群落结构与动态

王世彤^1,², 吴浩^1,², 刘梦婷^1,², 张佳鑫^1,², 刘检明^1,², 孟红杰¹, 徐耀粘¹, 乔秀娟¹, 魏新增^1,^*(), 卢志军¹, 江明喜¹

1 中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-02-11 接受日期:2018-04-02 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-09-11
通讯作者: 魏新增
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503105)和国家自然科学基金(31470515)

Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by a plant species with extremely small population (Sinojackia huangmeiensis) in central China

Wang Shitong^1,², Wu Hao^1,², Liu Mengting^1,², Zhang Jiaxin^1,², Liu Jianming^1,², Meng Hongjie¹, Xu Yaozhan¹, Qiao Xiujuan¹, Wei Xinzeng^1,^*(), Lu Zhijun¹, Jiang Mingxi¹

1 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2018-02-11 Accepted:2018-04-02 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-09-11
Contact: Wei Xinzeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以极小种群野生植物黄梅秤锤树(Sinojackia huangmeiensis)当前唯一的野生种群为依托建立了1 ha的固定样地, 研究了黄梅秤锤树野生植物群落的物种组成、优势种的径级结构、黄梅秤锤树的空间分布格局、种内与种间空间关联性和种群更新特征。样地内共记录到胸径 ≥ 1.0 cm的木本植物31种, 隶属于21科28属。群落更新良好, 样地中所有1,225株个体中小径木占比为67.18%。群落优势种为麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、枸骨(Ilex cornuta)、朴树(Celtis sinensis)和黄梅秤锤树。麻栎的径级结构呈单峰型, 为衰退型种群; 枸骨、朴树和黄梅秤锤树的径级结构呈倒“J”型或偏倒“J”型, 表明更新良好。黄梅秤锤树的空间分布格局在小尺度上呈聚集分布, 在大尺度上呈随机或均匀分布, 并且与其他3个优势种(麻栎、枸骨、朴树)在空间上主要呈负关联性。黄梅秤锤树的成树和幼苗、幼树和幼苗都是在小尺度上呈负关联性, 在大尺度上关联性不显著, 而成树和幼树在整体上关联性不显著。黄梅秤锤树的萌蘖现象非常明显, 萌蘖数与母株胸径具有极显著的正相关性(R² = 0.330, P < 0.001), 萌蘖率与相对幼苗密度具有极显著的负相关性(R² = 0.438, P < 0.001)。总体来说, 高比例的小径木和普遍的种间负关联均表明该群落处于演替的早中期, 物种组成和群落结构还未达到稳定阶段。作为长江中下游冲积平原区具有代表性的残存风水林, 该野生植物群落在生物多样性维持和珍稀植物保护方面具有重要的作用, 应加强保护和管理。

关键词: 物种组成, 径级结构, 点格局分析, 风水林, 极小种群野生植物, 黄梅秤锤树, 就地保护

Abstract

In China, Sinojackia huangmeiensis is among the 120 plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP), with only one extant wild population located at the lakeside of the Longgan Lake, central China. Here, we followed the field protocol of the 50-ha permanent forest plot on the Barro Colorado Island in Panama to census all free-standing woody species ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in a 1-ha plot established in a lowland fengshui forest dominated by S. huangmeiensis. We recorded a total of 1,225 living individuals, belonging to 31 species, 28 genera and 21 families. Individuals with DBH < 7.5 cm accounted for ca. 67% of all individuals, indicating good natural regeneration in the community. The most dominant species were Quercus acutissima, Ilex cornuta, Celtis sinensis, and S. huangmeiensis. Quercus acutissima showed a single peak pattern of diameter class distribution, while I. cornuta, C. sinensis, and S. huangmeiensis showed a reverse “J” shape or a partial reverse “J” shape. S. huangmeiensis showed aggregated distribution at small spatial scales and random or uniform distributions at large scales. Individuals of S. huangmeiensis were negatively associated with the other three dominant species. Seedlings of S. huangmeiensis were negatively associated with both conspecific saplings and adults at small scales, but showed no correlation at other scales. There was a significantly positive correlation between sprout number and DBH of S. huangmeiensis (R²= 0.330, P < 0.001), whereas ratio of sprout and relative seedling density showed a negative correlation (R²= 0.438, P < 0.001). In general, high percentage of small-sized individuals and interspecific negative associations suggested that this plant community is still at an early-to-middle stage of succession. The remnant fengshui forests in the lowland plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are important for their roles in the conservation of biodiversity and endangered plants and should therefore be protected and well-managed.

Key words: species composition, diameter class structure, point pattern analysis, fengshui forest, plant species with extremely small populations, Sinojackia huangmeiensis, in situ conservation

王世彤, 吴浩, 刘梦婷, 张佳鑫, 刘检明, 孟红杰, 徐耀粘, 乔秀娟, 魏新增, 卢志军, 江明喜 (2018) 极小种群野生植物黄梅秤锤树群落结构与动态. 生物多样性, 26, 749-759. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018055.

Wang Shitong, Wu Hao, Liu Mengting, Zhang Jiaxin, Liu Jianming, Meng Hongjie, Xu Yaozhan, Qiao Xiujuan, Wei Xinzeng, Lu Zhijun, Jiang Mingxi (2018) Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by a plant species with extremely small population (Sinojackia huangmeiensis) in central China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 749-759. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018055.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018055

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I7/749

图/表 6

图1 1 ha 样地位置(a)和样地示意图(b)。灰色部分代表25个20 m × 20 m的样方。

Fig. 1 Location and sketch map of the 1-ha plot. Grey area refers to the 25 subplots (20 m × 20 m).

表1 1 ha 样地内重要值 ≥ 1%的物种的数量特征

Table 1 Quantitative characteristics of species with importance value ≥ 1% in the 1-ha plot

物种 Species	多度 Abundance	胸径 DBH (mean ± SE) (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²/ha)	重要值 Importance value (%)
麻栎 Quercus acutissima	212	24.18 ± 0.75	11.99	27.40
枸骨 Ilex cornuta	282	5.25 ± 0.26	4.02	17.16
朴树 Celtis sinensis	125	6.01 ± 0.61	0.97	7.01
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis	159	2.72 ± 0.19	0.26	6.45
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	55	16.00 ± 1.20	1.46	6.26
槲栎 Quercus aliena	40	15.82 ± 1.67	1.15	4.84
野桐 Mallotus tenuifolius	77	2.75 ± 0.14	0.07	4.32
黄连木 Pistacia chinensis	27	9.74 ± 1.46	0.32	3.21
大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	40	1.97 ± 0.12	0.02	3.10
樟树 Cinnamomum camphora	24	7.89 ± 1.83	0.44	3.05
山胡椒 Lindera glauca	20	3.29 ± 0.23	0.03	2.18
乌桕 Sapium sebiferum	30	8.91 ± 1.02	0.26	1.88
白檀 Symplocos paniculata	20	2.37 ± 0.18	0.01	1.62
华山矾 Symplocos chinensis	16	2.96 ± 0.52	0.02	1.52
柿树 Diospyros kaki	12	11.69 ± 2.25	0.18	1.27
榆树 Ulmus pumila	15	3.46 ± 0.44	0.02	1.23
牡荆 Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia	12	2.07 ± 0.23	0.01	1.13
其他 Others	59	-	0.42	6.36
总计 Total	1,225	-	21.64	100

图2 1 ha样地内4个优势种的径级结构

Fig. 2 DBH size structure of the four dominant species in the 1-ha plot. DBH, diameter at breast height

图3 黄秤锤树点格局分析(a)及其与其他3个优势种的关联分析(c, e和g)。图b, d, f和h分别为黄梅秤锤树、麻栎、枸骨和朴树的空间分布图。图中黑色实线代表g (r)在尺度r上的实际观测值, 细虚线代表模拟99次形成的置信区间。点格局分析中,黑色实线高于(低于)置信区间上限(下限)表示聚集分布(均匀分布), 黑色实线位于置信区间之内, 则表示随机分布。关联分析中, 黑色实线高于(低于)置信区间上限(下限)表示正关联(负关联), 黑色实线位于置信区间之内, 则表示无关联。

Fig. 3 Point pattern analysis of Sinojackia huangmeiensis (a), correlation analyses between S. huangmeiensis and the other three dominant species (Quercus acutissima, Ilex cornuta, and Celtis sinensis) (c, e, and g), and point diagram of individual distribution of the four dominant species (b, d, f, and h). In the left panels, black solid lines indicate the values of the g(r) function; thin dashed lines indicate the confidence envelope of the null model. In point pattern analysis (a), values of the g(r) function above (below) the upper (lower) envelope indicate aggregated (regular), within envelope indicate random. In correlation analysis (c, e, g), values of the g(r) function above (below) the upper (lower) envelope indicate positive (negative) association, within envelope indicate no association.

图4 黄梅秤锤树幼苗(DBH < 1 cm)、幼树(1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm)和成年个体(DBH ≥ 2.5 cm)之间的关联分析。图中黑色实线代表g(r)在尺度r上的实际观测值, 细虚线代表模拟99次形成的置信区间。黑色实线高于(低于)置信区间上限(下限)表示正关联(负关联)。黑色实线位于置信区间之内, 则表示无关联。

Fig. 4 Correlation analyses between seedling (DBH < 1 cm), sapling (1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm) and adult (DBH ≥ 2.5 cm) of Sinojackia huangmeiensis. Black solid lines indicate the values of the g(r) function; thin dashed lines indicate the confidence envelope of the null model. Values of the g(r) function above (below) the upper (lower) envelope indicate positive (negative) association, within envelope indicate no association.

图5 黄梅秤锤树萌蘖数与母株胸径的关系(a)和萌蘖率与相对幼苗密度的关系(b)

Fig. 5 Relationships between number of sprout and DBH (a), and relative seedling density and ratio of sprout (b). DBH, diameter at breast height.

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极小种群野生植物黄梅秤锤树群落结构与动态

Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by a plant species with extremely small population (Sinojackia huangmeiensis) in central China

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