生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 22374.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022374

• 中国野生脊椎动物鸣声监测与生物声学研究专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

被动声学监测技术在陆生哺乳动物研究中的应用、进展和展望

马海港1, 范鹏来2,3,*()   

  1. 1.中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
    2.珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006
    3.广西师范大学生命科学学院, 动物生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-01 接受日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通讯作者: *范鹏来, E-mail: fanpl@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31900335);广西自然科学基金粤桂联合重点项目(2022GXNSFDA080004);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD21220028(桂科AD21220028)

Application, progress, and future perspective of passive acoustic monitoring in terrestrial mammal research

Haigang Ma1, Penglai Fan2,3,*()   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
    2. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
    3. Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
  • Received:2022-07-01 Accepted:2022-10-28 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: *Penglai Fan, E-mail: fanpl@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn

摘要:

被动声学监测(passive acoustic monitoring, PAM)技术指将自动录音机安装在自然环境中收集野生动物及其所在环境的声音信号的监测方法。20世纪90年代以来, PAM技术陆续被应用于翼手目和灵长目等陆生哺乳动物的监测和研究, 探究了陆生哺乳动物行为学、生态学和保护生物学等方面的科学问题。然而, 当前缺乏对这些研究的系统性总结和展望。本文从活动规律和时间分配、栖息地利用、物种分布、种群大小与密度、生物多样性、人为干扰的影响等领域综述了PAM技术在陆生哺乳动物中的研究进展, 并列举了相关应用实例。总体上, PAM技术涉及到生物学、生态学、声学、计算机科学等多学科的交叉融合, 其应用受限于声学数据的储存和管理、物种或个体自动化识别以及声学指数评估的普适性, 设备价格也相对昂贵, 这些可能是导致该技术在我国陆生哺乳动物监测和研究方面的应用还相对滞后于其他国家的原因。最后, 本文对未来研究方向进行了展望, 并建议尽快建立和完善我国陆生哺乳动物PAM网络和数据共享平台、组织开展面对面访问调查或生物多样性保护相关的知识竞赛等公民科学项目、向更多科研机构或保护区推广PAM技术的应用, 使该技术成为陆生哺乳动物行为学、生态学、生物多样性保护等领域不可或缺的技术手段, 进一步服务于我国的生物多样性保护和生态文明建设。

关键词: 野生动物, 被动声学监测, 声音通讯, 生物多样性保护

Abstract

Background & Aims: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an observational method that collects acoustic signals of wildlife and the surrounding environment using automatic sound recorders. PAM itself is a multidisciplinary technique, integrating biology, ecology, acoustics, and computer science, and was developed in the 1990s first to study bats and primates. Since then, PAM has been utilized in a variety of research contexts to study animal behavior, ecology, and conservation biology. However, a systematic review of the progress of the field is lacking.

Progress: Here, we review how PAM has been used to monitor terrestrial mammal activity patterns, habitat use, species distribution, population size and density, biodiversity, and human influence. We also identify factors which prevent its wider application, such as the complexity of storing and managing acoustic data, limitations of acoustic indices, challenges associated with automated identification of species or individuals, and the overall cost of equipment. As a consequence, we observe limited use of PAM in terrestrial mammal research, especially in China.

Perspective: Finally, we discuss potential novel applications of PAM to study terrestrial mammals. We highlight the importance of establishing and improving standardized PAM networks and data management platforms, developing citizen science programs, encouraging participation of more scientific institutions, and expanding the presence of acoustic monitors particularly throughout protected areas. PAM is an indispensable technique which can further support efforts to conserve biodiversity and increase ecological consciousness in China.

Key words: wildlife, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), vocal communication, biodiversity conservation