生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24532.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024532  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024532

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

央地协同推动国家生物多样性保护战略与行动计划执行的措施、进展与展望

刘立1,2, 臧明月1,2, 马月1,2, 万雅琼1,2, 胡飞龙1,2, 卢晓强1,2, 刘燕1,2*   

  1. 1. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042; 2. 生态环境部生物多样性与生物安全重点实验室, 南京 210042
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-01 修回日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘燕

Measures, progress and prospects of central-local cooperation in the implementation of the National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan

Li Liu1,2, Mingyue Zang1,2, Yue Ma1,2, Yaqiong Wan1,2, Feilong Hu1,2, Xiaoqiang Lu1,2, Yan Liu1,2*   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China 

    2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

  • Received:2024-12-01 Revised:2025-02-05 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-05
  • Contact: Yan Liu

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摘要： 国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, NBSAP)是《生物多样性公约》缔约方履约的核心工具, 也是国家生物多样性保护的总体规划。地方政府是区域生物多样性保护工作的管理者和执行者, 中央和地方根据各自事权上下联动, 将凝聚NBSAP实施合力并对执行成效产生显著影响。《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023–2030年)》针对国内外生物多样性保护形势和需求, 制定了新时期的生物多样性保护战略以及优先领域和行动。地方政府生物多样性保护的责任与要求也在相关法规政策的演变中不断明确。中央和地方协调联动, 以加强法治保障、完善政策规划, 以及将生物多样性融入示范创建和评估考核等多重手段, 推动NBSAP执行并取得了显著成效, 但仍面临可操作的方法和路径缺乏、经济和政治回报不显著、社会参与规模不足等挑战。为进一步推动生物多样性保护和NBSAP执行, 建议加强指导示范, 打通从理论到实践的路径; 激发内生动力, 提升工作的可持续性; 丰富政策手段, 调动社会各界广泛参与。

关键词: 生物多样性保护, 国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(NBSAP), 地方政府, 央地协同, 主流化

Abstract

Background: The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is the primary tool for the Parties to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity and serves as the master plan for national biodiversity conservation. Local governments play a crucial role as the managers of regional biodiversity conservation. The coordinated actions between central and local governments, according to their respective powers will unite the overall implementation of NBSAP and have a significant impact on the action effectiveness. 

Results: The China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023–2030) has updated the strategy, priority areas, and actions to address the challenges to biodiversity conservation in the new era. The responsibilities of local governments for biodiversity conservation have been continuously clarified through the development of relevant regulations and policies. Although the central and local governments have coordinated to promote NBSAP implementation and achieved remarkable results through multiple means such as strengthening legal safeguards, improving policies and planning, and integrating biodiversity into demonstration, evaluations, and assessments, challenges still remain. These challenges include: (1) operational methods and pathways for biodiversity conservation, (2) the return on conservation investment, and (3) the scale of social participation. 

Recommendations: In view of the challenges to biodiversity conservation and NBSAP implementation, it is recommended to provide operational methods through technical guidance and pilot demonstrations to bridge the gap from concept to practice. Additionally, promoting the market value realization of biodiversity and enhancing political returns can stimulate intrinsic motivation and improve the sustainability of conservation efforts. Lastly, enriching biodiversity-related policy instruments are crucial to mobilize extensive participation from the whole of society.

Key words: biodiversity conservation, National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), local government, central-local cooperation, mainstreaming

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