我国野生动物肇事公众责任保险: 发展模式、现实困境与优化策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2023431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野生动物保护是维护生物多样性及可持续利用自然资源的关键举措, 构建以野生动物肇事公众责任保险为核心的风险保障体系, 对于维护生态系统稳定以及促进人与自然和谐共生具有重要价值。本文选择希腊、美国、意大利、加拿大、巴基斯坦等国家的不同类型野生动物肇事保险项目进行分析比较和经验借鉴, 系统梳理了我国野生动物肇事公众责任保险的发展模式和典型案例, 针对我国野生动物肇事保险现实困境与优化策略进行深入探讨。研究发现, 我国野生动物肇事保险尚未形成统一的、符合我国国情和地区实际需要的保险产品体系, 各地保险试点过程中面临保费筹集困难、业务模式应用受限、保险体系尚未完善、定价机制不够合理、查勘定损程序繁琐以及科技应用水平有限等诸多制约因素。因此, 亟需尽快构建央地保费补贴联动机制、探索适合全国范围应用的发展模式、优化保险产品体系、建立动态定价机制、制定查勘定损标准以及提高保险科技应用水平。

关键词: 野生动物肇事, 责任保险, 发展模式, 现实困境, 优化策略

Abstract

Background & Aims: Wildlife conservation is a key measure to maintain biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources, and the construction of a risk protection system with public liability insurance for wildlife accidents as the core is of great value for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem and promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. This paper selects different types of wildlife accident insurance projects in Greece, the United States, Italy, Canada, Pakistan and other countries for analysis and comparison, and systematically sorts out the development model and typical cases of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents in China, and conducts in-depth discussions on the realistic dilemmas and optimization strategy of wildlife accident insurance in China.

Review results: It is found that China’s wildlife accident insurance has not yet formed a unified insurance product system that meets China’s national conditions and the actual needs of regions, and many constraints are faced in the process of insurance pilot in various regions, such as difficulties in raising premiums, limited application of business models, imperfect insurance system, unreasonable pricing mechanism, cumbersome investigation and damage assessment procedures, and limited level of technology application.

Suggestions &Perspective: Therefore, it is urgent to build a linkage mechanism for premium subsidies between the central and local governments as soon as possible, explore a development model suitable for nationwide application, optimize the insurance product system, establish a dynamic pricing mechanism, formulate survey and loss assessment standards, and improve the level of insurance technology application.

Key words: wild animal accidents, liability insurance, development model, realistic dilemma, optimization strategy

秦涛, 崔荣赫, 宋蕊, 富丽莎 (2024) 我国野生动物肇事公众责任保险: 发展模式、现实困境与优化策略. 生物多样性, 32, 23431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023431.

Tao Qin, Ronghe Cui, Rui Song, Lisha Fu (2024) Chinese public liability insurance for wildlife accidents: Development models, realistic dilemmas, and optimization strategy. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023431.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023431

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I5/23431

图/表 6

图1 希腊农业保险运作模式图

Fig. 1 Diagram of the operation mode of agricultural insurance in Greece

图2 美国联邦农作物保险运作模式图

Fig. 2 Diagram of the operation mode of federal crop insurance in the United States

图3 加拿大阿尔伯塔省野生动物损害赔偿计划运作模式图

Fig. 3 Operational model of wildlife damage compensation program in Alberta, Canada

图4 加拿大纽芬兰与拉布拉多省野生动物损害赔偿计划运作模式图

Fig. 4 Operational model of wildlife damage compensation program in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

图5 巴基斯坦社区管理牲畜保险运作模式图

Fig. 5 Operation mode of community managed livestock insurance schemes in Pakistan

图6 我国野生动物肇事公共责任险覆盖分布图

Fig. 6 Distribution map of public liability insurance coverage for wildlife accidents in China

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