生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22292.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022292

所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性空间分布格局

孙佳欢1,2, 刘冬3, 朱家祺1,2, 张书宁1,2, 高梅香1,2,*()   

  1. 1.宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系, 浙江宁波 315211
    2.宁波市高等学校协同创新中心“宁波陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心”, 浙江宁波 315211
    3.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-27 接受日期:2022-08-18 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-11-05
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: gaomeixiang@nbu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42271051);国家自然科学基金(41871042);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGN22D010006);宁波市自然科学基金(2021J129)

Spatial distribution pattern of soil mite community and body size in wheat- maize rotation farmland

Jiahuan Sun1,2, Dong Liu3, Jiaqi Zhu1,2, Shuning Zhang1,2, Meixiang Gao1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211
    2. Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211
    3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
  • Received:2022-05-27 Accepted:2022-08-18 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-11-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: gaomeixiang@nbu.edu.cn

摘要:

以农田土壤动物长期监测样地为平台, 阐明土壤动物物种和功能多样性空间分布格局, 是揭示农田土壤动物多样性维持机制、提高农田土壤质量的重要基础。本试验于2020年10月, 对河南商丘农田土壤动物大型固定样地(9 ha)的210个采样点进行土壤样品野外采集和室内分离, 将土壤螨样品鉴定到种并测量其体长体宽数据, 以说明小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤螨多样性及其体长体宽的空间分布格局。结果表明: (1)共捕获成螨个体17,256头, 其中甲螨亚目为优势类群, 其个体数占总捕获量的94.67%; MGP分析表明样地甲螨群落属于P型, 说明受人为因素影响强烈; 生态位宽度和重叠度分析表明, 进化程度越高甲螨的生态位宽度越宽, 进化程度越相近甲螨之间的竞争越激烈。(2) Moran’s I分析显示, 在20-100 m的空间尺度上, 土壤螨群落、优势种的个体数和体长体宽多为显著正相关; 在220-300 m的空间尺度上, 部分为显著负的空间自相关。半方差函数结果表明, 甲螨群落物种数、个体数和体长体宽的空间变异主要受确定性过程影响, 中气门螨群落的空间变异由确定性和随机性过程共同影响。(3)土壤螨个体数与体长体宽存在显著弱的负相关关系, 这种关系普遍存在于土壤螨各群落与优势种中。本研究建议同时开展物种多样性和以体长体宽为代表的功能多样性空间格局研究, 对揭示土壤螨群落维持机制、保护土壤螨多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 小麦-玉米轮作, 土壤螨, 多样性, 体长, 体宽, 空间格局

Abstract

Aims: Using an agricultural soil permanent plot, we wanted to reveal the spatial distribution patterns of soil organisms and functional diversity, as these are important metrics for maintaining soil organism diversity and improving agricultural soil quality.
Methods: In October 2020, 210 soil samples were collected from a large permanent farmland soil plot (9 ha) in Shangqiu, Henan Province. Soil mites were extracted by Tullgren’s funnel method in the laboratory. The soil mites were identified to species and their body length and width were measured to illustrate both the spatial distribution pattern of species diversity as well as body size of soil mites in wheat-maize rotation farmland.
Results: (1) A total of 17,256 adult mite individuals were captured, of which oribatid mites were the dominant group (94.67%). Results of MGP analysis showed that the oribatid mite community belonged to P-type, indicating that it was strongly affected by human factors. Niche breadth and overlap analysis showed that for higher degrees of evolution, niche width of oribatid mites increased, and for closer degrees of evolution, oribatid mites experienced greater competition. (2) Values of Moran’s I index showed that from 20 m to 100 m, the individuals of dominant soil mite community were significantly positively correlated with body length and body width; yet from 220 m to 300 m, individuals of soil mite community and four dominant species had a negative spatial autocorrelation. A semi-variance function showed that the spatial variation of species, individual number, body length and width of oribatid mites were mainly affected by deterministic processes, while the spatial variation of mesostigmatid mites was affected by both deterministic and stochastic processes. (3) There was a weak negative correlation between the individual number of soil mites and body length and body width, which generally exists in each community and dominant species of soil mites.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the spatial pattern of species and functional diversity represented by mite body length and width should be considered when evaluating maintenance mechanisms of soil mite community and for protecting the diversity of soil mites.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation, soil mites, diversity, body length, body width, spatial pattern