生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199
陈召松1,2, 安蓓2,3, 王子旺4,5, 吴发宁1, 孙章运1, 张立勋1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2021-05-19
接受日期:
2021-07-10
出版日期:
2021-12-20
发布日期:
2021-11-12
通讯作者:
张立勋
作者简介:
*E-mail: zhanglixun@lzu.edu.cn
Zhaosong Chen1,2, Bei An2,3, Ziwang Wang4,5, Faning Wu1, Zhangyun Sun1, Lixun Zhang1,2,*()
Received:
2021-05-19
Accepted:
2021-07-10
Online:
2021-12-20
Published:
2021-11-12
Contact:
Lixun Zhang
摘要:
兰州市是黄河唯一穿城而过的省会城市, 是黄河流域综合治理与高质量发展的重要区域, 了解其鱼类多样性现状及变化趋势对黄河流域水生态保护尤为重要。本文于2020年7-10月对黄河干流兰州段及其4条支流(庄浪河、大通河、湟水河和宛川河)开展了鱼类多样性、分布及影响因素调查, 以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Cody和Routledge指数、Bray-Curtis相异性系数对黄河兰州段5条河流鱼类群落进行评估, 同时通过相对多度(relative abundance, RA)判定优势种, 利用非度量多维标度排序(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)展示物种空间分布格局。本次调查获得鱼类20种, 隶属于4目6科15属。其中, 国家II级重点保护野生动物1种, 受威胁鱼类4种, 中国特有鱼类7种, 黄河特有鱼类4种。区系组成属青藏高原区高原西北亚区, 其中鲤形目种类占绝对优势, 优势种为东方高原鳅(Triplophysa orientalis)、粗壮高原鳅(T. robusta)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)。庄浪河和黄河干流的α多样性较高。β多样性分析结果表明, 黄河干流与庄浪河、大通河、湟水河和宛川河间的鱼类物种明显不相似; 大通河与湟水河之间以及黄河干流与宛川河之间的鱼类物种组成相似性较高。NMDS分析表明, 黄河兰州段鱼类被划分为地理空间上相近的4个地理群。水利设施建设、外来物种和水体污染可能影响了黄河兰州段鱼类多样性和分布。本研究为黄河兰州段鱼类多样性保护和科学管理以及黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供了基础调查数据。
陈召松, 安蓓, 王子旺, 吴发宁, 孙章运, 张立勋 (2021) 黄河兰州段鱼类多样性与保护. 生物多样性, 29, 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199.
Zhaosong Chen, Bei An, Ziwang Wang, Faning Wu, Zhangyun Sun, Lixun Zhang (2021) Fish diversity and conservation in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199.
河流 River | 河流级别 Order | 代号 Code | 断面名称 Section name | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | 一级 First | S1 | 榆中县园子岔乡 Yuanzicha Town, Yuzhong County | 36°22′ | 104°20′ | 1,404 |
S2 | 皋兰县什川镇1 Shichuan Town 1, Gaolan County | 36°17′ | 104°09′ | 1,501 | ||
S3 | 皋兰县什川镇2 Shichuan Town 2, Gaolan County | 36°12′ | 104°03′ | 1,513 | ||
S4 | 安宁区刘家堡街道 Liujiabao Street, Anning District | 36°06′ | 103°40′ | 1,529 | ||
S5 | 西固区河口镇 Hekou Town, Xigu District | 36°10′ | 103°26′ | 1,508 | ||
大通河 Datong River | 四级 Fourth | S6 | 永登县连城镇1 Liancheng Town 1, Yongdeng County | 36°45′ | 102°43′ | 1,966 |
S7 | 永登县连城镇2 Liancheng Town 2, Yongdeng County | 36°39′ | 102°46′ | 1,904 | ||
S8 | 永登县连城镇3 Liancheng Town 3, Yongdeng County | 36°32′ | 102°52′ | 1,867 | ||
S9 | 永登县河桥镇 Heqiao Town, Yongdeng County | 36°27′ | 102°51′ | 1,822 | ||
湟水河 Huangshui River | 四级 Fourth | S10 | 红古区海石湾镇 Haishiwan Town, Honggu District | 36°20′ | 102°50′ | 1,680 |
S11 | 红古区红古镇 Honggu Town, Honggu District | 36°13′ | 103°01′ | 1,624 | ||
S12 | 红古区达川乡 Dachuan Town, Honggu District | 36°07′ | 103°21′ | 1,547 | ||
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 五级 Fifth | S13 | 永登县武胜驿镇 Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County | 36°55′ | 103°08′ | 2,280 |
S14 | 永登县柳树镇 Liushu Town, Yongdeng County | 36°44′ | 103°14′ | 2,025 | ||
S15 | 永登县龙泉寺镇 Longquansi Town, Yongdeng County | 36°36′ | 103°21′ | 1,894 | ||
S16 | 永登县苦水镇 Kushui Town, Yongdeng County | 36°22′ | 103°23′ | 1,695 | ||
宛川河 Wanchuan River | 五级 Fifth | S17 | 榆中县马坡乡 Mapo Town, Yuzhong County | 35°46′ | 104°01′ | 2,465 |
S18 | 榆中县小康营乡 Xiaokangying Town, Yuzhong County | 35°44′ | 104°08′ | 2,186 | ||
S19 | 榆中县龙泉乡 Longquan Town, Yuzhong County | 35°38′ | 104°14′ | 2,092 | ||
S20 | 榆中县甘草店镇 Gancaodian Town, Yuzhong County | 35°46′ | 104°18′ | 1,853 | ||
S21 | 榆中县夏官营镇 Xiaguanying Town, Yuzhong County | 35°57′ | 104°11′ | 1,723 | ||
S22 | 榆中县金崖镇 Jinya Town, Yuzhong County | 36°00′ | 104°06′ | 1,627 | ||
S23 | 榆中县来紫堡乡 Laizibao Town, Yuzhong County | 36°03′ | 104°00′ | 1,461 |
表1 黄河兰州段鱼类采样断面位置信息
Table 1 The coordinates of sections in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River
河流 River | 河流级别 Order | 代号 Code | 断面名称 Section name | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | 一级 First | S1 | 榆中县园子岔乡 Yuanzicha Town, Yuzhong County | 36°22′ | 104°20′ | 1,404 |
S2 | 皋兰县什川镇1 Shichuan Town 1, Gaolan County | 36°17′ | 104°09′ | 1,501 | ||
S3 | 皋兰县什川镇2 Shichuan Town 2, Gaolan County | 36°12′ | 104°03′ | 1,513 | ||
S4 | 安宁区刘家堡街道 Liujiabao Street, Anning District | 36°06′ | 103°40′ | 1,529 | ||
S5 | 西固区河口镇 Hekou Town, Xigu District | 36°10′ | 103°26′ | 1,508 | ||
大通河 Datong River | 四级 Fourth | S6 | 永登县连城镇1 Liancheng Town 1, Yongdeng County | 36°45′ | 102°43′ | 1,966 |
S7 | 永登县连城镇2 Liancheng Town 2, Yongdeng County | 36°39′ | 102°46′ | 1,904 | ||
S8 | 永登县连城镇3 Liancheng Town 3, Yongdeng County | 36°32′ | 102°52′ | 1,867 | ||
S9 | 永登县河桥镇 Heqiao Town, Yongdeng County | 36°27′ | 102°51′ | 1,822 | ||
湟水河 Huangshui River | 四级 Fourth | S10 | 红古区海石湾镇 Haishiwan Town, Honggu District | 36°20′ | 102°50′ | 1,680 |
S11 | 红古区红古镇 Honggu Town, Honggu District | 36°13′ | 103°01′ | 1,624 | ||
S12 | 红古区达川乡 Dachuan Town, Honggu District | 36°07′ | 103°21′ | 1,547 | ||
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 五级 Fifth | S13 | 永登县武胜驿镇 Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County | 36°55′ | 103°08′ | 2,280 |
S14 | 永登县柳树镇 Liushu Town, Yongdeng County | 36°44′ | 103°14′ | 2,025 | ||
S15 | 永登县龙泉寺镇 Longquansi Town, Yongdeng County | 36°36′ | 103°21′ | 1,894 | ||
S16 | 永登县苦水镇 Kushui Town, Yongdeng County | 36°22′ | 103°23′ | 1,695 | ||
宛川河 Wanchuan River | 五级 Fifth | S17 | 榆中县马坡乡 Mapo Town, Yuzhong County | 35°46′ | 104°01′ | 2,465 |
S18 | 榆中县小康营乡 Xiaokangying Town, Yuzhong County | 35°44′ | 104°08′ | 2,186 | ||
S19 | 榆中县龙泉乡 Longquan Town, Yuzhong County | 35°38′ | 104°14′ | 2,092 | ||
S20 | 榆中县甘草店镇 Gancaodian Town, Yuzhong County | 35°46′ | 104°18′ | 1,853 | ||
S21 | 榆中县夏官营镇 Xiaguanying Town, Yuzhong County | 35°57′ | 104°11′ | 1,723 | ||
S22 | 榆中县金崖镇 Jinya Town, Yuzhong County | 36°00′ | 104°06′ | 1,627 | ||
S23 | 榆中县来紫堡乡 Laizibao Town, Yuzhong County | 36°03′ | 104°00′ | 1,461 |
图1 黄河兰州段鱼类采样断面分布图。符号代表含义见表1。
Fig. 1 The map of fish sampling sections in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Sampling sections code in accordance with Table 1.
物种 Species | 黄河 Yellow River | 大通河 Datong River | 湟水河 Huang- shui River | 庄浪河 Zhuang- lang River | 宛川河 Wan- chuan River | 土著物种的特有性 Endemic species | 生态类型 Ecological types | 濒危状况 Endangered status | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
食性 Feeding habits | 栖息水层 Habit characteristics | 生活习性 Life habits | |||||||||||||||
中国特有种 Endemic species to China | 黄河特有种 Endemic species to the Yellow River | Jiang et al ( | IUCN ( | ||||||||||||||
一 鲤形目 Cypriniformes | |||||||||||||||||
(一)花鳅科 Cobitidae | |||||||||||||||||
1. 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | |||||||||
2. 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus* | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | ||||||||||
(二)条鳅科 Nemacheilidae | |||||||||||||||||
3. 东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | LC | LC | ||||||||
4. 黄河高原鳅 Triplophysa pappenheimi | + | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | EN | ||||||||
5. 硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | LC | |||||||||
6. 似鲇高原鳅 Triplophysa siluroides | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | VU | ||||||||||
7. 斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae | + | + | O | DE | MS | LC | |||||||||||
8. 粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta | + | + | + | O | DE | MS | LC | ||||||||||
(三)鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||
9. ? Hemiculter leucisculus* | + | O | U | DE | LC | LC | |||||||||||
10. 鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* | + | C | U | M | LC | DD | |||||||||||
11. 高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus* | + | O | L | SE | LC | DD | |||||||||||
12. 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis* | + | O | DE | SE | LC | ||||||||||||
13. 黄河鮈 Gobio huanghensis | + | + | + | C | DE | M | EN | ||||||||||
14. 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva* | + | + | + | + | + | O | L | MS | LC | LC | |||||||
15. 鲫 Carassius auratus* | + | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | ||||||||
16. 鲤 Cyprinus rubrofuscus | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | ||||||||||
17. 黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | O | L | MS | VU | ||||||
二 鲇形目 Siluriformes | |||||||||||||||||
(四)鲇科 Siluridae | |||||||||||||||||
18. 鲇 Silurus asotus | + | C | L | SE | LC | LC | |||||||||||
三 胡瓜鱼目 Osmeriformes | |||||||||||||||||
(五)胡瓜鱼科 Osmeridae | |||||||||||||||||
19. 池沼公鱼 Hypomesus olidus* | + | C | U | M | LC | LC | |||||||||||
四 鲈形目 Perciformes | |||||||||||||||||
(六)沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | |||||||||||||||||
20. 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis* | + | + | C | DE | SE | LC | LC |
表2 黄河兰州段鱼类名录、分布、生态类型和濒危状况
Table 2 Species composition, distribution, ecological types and endangered status of fish in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River
物种 Species | 黄河 Yellow River | 大通河 Datong River | 湟水河 Huang- shui River | 庄浪河 Zhuang- lang River | 宛川河 Wan- chuan River | 土著物种的特有性 Endemic species | 生态类型 Ecological types | 濒危状况 Endangered status | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
食性 Feeding habits | 栖息水层 Habit characteristics | 生活习性 Life habits | |||||||||||||||
中国特有种 Endemic species to China | 黄河特有种 Endemic species to the Yellow River | Jiang et al ( | IUCN ( | ||||||||||||||
一 鲤形目 Cypriniformes | |||||||||||||||||
(一)花鳅科 Cobitidae | |||||||||||||||||
1. 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | |||||||||
2. 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus* | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | ||||||||||
(二)条鳅科 Nemacheilidae | |||||||||||||||||
3. 东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | LC | LC | ||||||||
4. 黄河高原鳅 Triplophysa pappenheimi | + | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | EN | ||||||||
5. 硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera | + | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | LC | |||||||||
6. 似鲇高原鳅 Triplophysa siluroides | + | + | + | C | DE | MS | VU | ||||||||||
7. 斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae | + | + | O | DE | MS | LC | |||||||||||
8. 粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta | + | + | + | O | DE | MS | LC | ||||||||||
(三)鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||||||
9. ? Hemiculter leucisculus* | + | O | U | DE | LC | LC | |||||||||||
10. 鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* | + | C | U | M | LC | DD | |||||||||||
11. 高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus* | + | O | L | SE | LC | DD | |||||||||||
12. 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis* | + | O | DE | SE | LC | ||||||||||||
13. 黄河鮈 Gobio huanghensis | + | + | + | C | DE | M | EN | ||||||||||
14. 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva* | + | + | + | + | + | O | L | MS | LC | LC | |||||||
15. 鲫 Carassius auratus* | + | + | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | ||||||||
16. 鲤 Cyprinus rubrofuscus | + | + | O | DE | SE | LC | LC | ||||||||||
17. 黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | O | L | MS | VU | ||||||
二 鲇形目 Siluriformes | |||||||||||||||||
(四)鲇科 Siluridae | |||||||||||||||||
18. 鲇 Silurus asotus | + | C | L | SE | LC | LC | |||||||||||
三 胡瓜鱼目 Osmeriformes | |||||||||||||||||
(五)胡瓜鱼科 Osmeridae | |||||||||||||||||
19. 池沼公鱼 Hypomesus olidus* | + | C | U | M | LC | LC | |||||||||||
四 鲈形目 Perciformes | |||||||||||||||||
(六)沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | |||||||||||||||||
20. 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis* | + | + | C | DE | SE | LC | LC |
河流 River | 采样断面 Sampling sections | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Pielou指数 Pielou index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | S1 | 1.101 | 0.459 | 0.430 |
S2 | 1.300 | 0.808 | 0.679 | |
S3 | 0 | - | 0 | |
S4 | 2.343 | 0.888 | 0.882 | |
S5 | 0.548 | 0.395 | 0.248 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 1.058 ± 0.879 | 0.637 ± 0.246 | 0.448 ± 0.347 | |
大通河 Datong River | S6 | 1.048 | 0.954 | 0.631 |
S7 | 0.837 | 0.761 | 0.478 | |
S8 | 0.349 | 0.503 | 0.198 | |
S9 | 0 | - | 0 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.559 ± 0.474 | 0.740 ± 0.226 | 0.327 ± 0.282 | |
湟水河 Huangshui River | S10 | 0.826 | 0.596 | 0.415 |
S11 | 1.099 | 1.000 | 0.667 | |
S12 | 0.305 | 0.439 | 0.165 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.743 ± 0.403 | 0.678 ± 0.289 | 0.416 ± 0.251 | |
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | S13 | 1.431 | 0.798 | 0.729 |
S14 | 0.994 | 0.905 | 0.605 | |
S15 | 1.183 | 0.735 | 0.652 | |
S16 | 0.451 | 0.650 | 0.278 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 1.015 ± 0.416 | 0.772 ± 0.107 | 0.566 ± 0.199 | |
宛川河 Wanchuan River | S17 | 0.689 | 0.994 | 0.496 |
S18 | 1.027 | 0.494 | 0.536 | |
S19 | 0 | - | 0 | |
S20 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S21 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S22 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S23 | 0 | - | 0 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.245 ± 0.430 | 0.298 ± 0.444 | 0.576 ± 0.449 |
表3 黄河兰州段鱼类多样性指数空间分布。断面编号同表1。
Table 3 Spatial distribution of diversity indices in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Sampling sections code in accordance with Table 1.
河流 River | 采样断面 Sampling sections | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Pielou指数 Pielou index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | S1 | 1.101 | 0.459 | 0.430 |
S2 | 1.300 | 0.808 | 0.679 | |
S3 | 0 | - | 0 | |
S4 | 2.343 | 0.888 | 0.882 | |
S5 | 0.548 | 0.395 | 0.248 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 1.058 ± 0.879 | 0.637 ± 0.246 | 0.448 ± 0.347 | |
大通河 Datong River | S6 | 1.048 | 0.954 | 0.631 |
S7 | 0.837 | 0.761 | 0.478 | |
S8 | 0.349 | 0.503 | 0.198 | |
S9 | 0 | - | 0 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.559 ± 0.474 | 0.740 ± 0.226 | 0.327 ± 0.282 | |
湟水河 Huangshui River | S10 | 0.826 | 0.596 | 0.415 |
S11 | 1.099 | 1.000 | 0.667 | |
S12 | 0.305 | 0.439 | 0.165 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.743 ± 0.403 | 0.678 ± 0.289 | 0.416 ± 0.251 | |
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | S13 | 1.431 | 0.798 | 0.729 |
S14 | 0.994 | 0.905 | 0.605 | |
S15 | 1.183 | 0.735 | 0.652 | |
S16 | 0.451 | 0.650 | 0.278 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 1.015 ± 0.416 | 0.772 ± 0.107 | 0.566 ± 0.199 | |
宛川河 Wanchuan River | S17 | 0.689 | 0.994 | 0.496 |
S18 | 1.027 | 0.494 | 0.536 | |
S19 | 0 | - | 0 | |
S20 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S21 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S22 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
S23 | 0 | - | 0 | |
河流 River (mean ± SD) | 0.245 ± 0.430 | 0.298 ± 0.444 | 0.576 ± 0.449 |
黄河 Yellow River | 大通河 Datong River | 湟水河 Huangshui River | 庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 宛川河 Wanchuan River | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | 12.5 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 9.1 | |
大通河 Datong River | 7.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 8.0 | |
湟水河 Huangshui River | 6.5 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 8.0 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 5.5 | |
宛川河 Wanchuan River | 5.5 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
表4 黄河兰州段鱼类群落β多样性分析。对角线下为Cody指数(βc), 对角线上为Routledge指数(βr)
Table 4 βc (below diagonal) and βr (above diagonal) diversity in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River
黄河 Yellow River | 大通河 Datong River | 湟水河 Huangshui River | 庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 宛川河 Wanchuan River | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄河 Yellow River | 12.5 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 9.1 | |
大通河 Datong River | 7.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 8.0 | |
湟水河 Huangshui River | 6.5 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River | 8.0 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 5.5 | |
宛川河 Wanchuan River | 5.5 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
图2 基于Bray-Curtis距离的黄河兰州段鱼类相异矩阵热图
Fig. 2 A heat map of fish dissimilarity matrix based on Bray-Curtis distance in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River
图3 黄河兰州段鱼类群落结构聚类和排序分析。断面编号同表1。
Fig. 3 Ordination of sampling sites in a two-dimensional NMDS in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Sampling sections code in accordance with Table 1.
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