黄河兰州段鱼类多样性与保护

doi:10.17520/biods.2021199

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199

• 研究报告:动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

黄河兰州段鱼类多样性与保护

陈召松¹^,², 安蓓²^,³, 王子旺⁴^,⁵, 吴发宁¹, 孙章运¹, 张立勋¹^,²^,^*()

1.兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000
2.兰州大学榆中山地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 兰州 730000
3.兰州大学基础医学院, 兰州 730000
4.中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
5.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-05-19 接受日期:2021-07-10 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-11-12
通讯作者: 张立勋
作者简介:*E-mail: zhanglixun@lzu.edu.cn

Fish diversity and conservation in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River

Zhaosong Chen¹^,², Bei An²^,³, Ziwang Wang⁴^,⁵, Faning Wu¹, Zhangyun Sun¹, Lixun Zhang¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
2 Yuzhong Mountain Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
3 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
4 Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072
5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2021-05-19 Accepted:2021-07-10 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-11-12
Contact: Lixun Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

兰州市是黄河唯一穿城而过的省会城市, 是黄河流域综合治理与高质量发展的重要区域, 了解其鱼类多样性现状及变化趋势对黄河流域水生态保护尤为重要。本文于2020年7-10月对黄河干流兰州段及其4条支流(庄浪河、大通河、湟水河和宛川河)开展了鱼类多样性、分布及影响因素调查, 以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Cody和Routledge指数、Bray-Curtis相异性系数对黄河兰州段5条河流鱼类群落进行评估, 同时通过相对多度(relative abundance, RA)判定优势种, 利用非度量多维标度排序(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)展示物种空间分布格局。本次调查获得鱼类20种, 隶属于4目6科15属。其中, 国家II级重点保护野生动物1种, 受威胁鱼类4种, 中国特有鱼类7种, 黄河特有鱼类4种。区系组成属青藏高原区高原西北亚区, 其中鲤形目种类占绝对优势, 优势种为东方高原鳅(Triplophysa orientalis)、粗壮高原鳅(T. robusta)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)。庄浪河和黄河干流的α多样性较高。β多样性分析结果表明, 黄河干流与庄浪河、大通河、湟水河和宛川河间的鱼类物种明显不相似; 大通河与湟水河之间以及黄河干流与宛川河之间的鱼类物种组成相似性较高。NMDS分析表明, 黄河兰州段鱼类被划分为地理空间上相近的4个地理群。水利设施建设、外来物种和水体污染可能影响了黄河兰州段鱼类多样性和分布。本研究为黄河兰州段鱼类多样性保护和科学管理以及黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供了基础调查数据。

关键词: 黄河兰州段, 鱼类, 多样性, 保护与管理

Abstract

Aim: Lanzhou is the only provincial capital city that the Yellow River passes through. It has played an important role in comprehensive management and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. It is necessary to understand the status of and changes in fish species diversity to protect this aquatic ecosystem in the future.
Methods: To comprehensively document the pattern of fish diversity in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River, we probed the distribution of fish species using field surveys from July to October in 2020. The indices of Shannon-Wiener, Pielou, Simpson, Cody, Routledge, and Bray-Curtis were applied to evaluate the main streams and four tributaries in Lanzhou County. Relative abundance (RA) was calculated to determine the dominant species, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to show the spatial distribution pattern of the species.
Results: A total of 20 species, including four threatened species, one national class II protected wildlife species, seven Chinese endemic fish species, and four of the Yellow River’s endemic fish species were collected. These species belonged to 15 genera, 6 families, and 4 orders. Triplophysa orientalis, T. robusta, Carassius auratus and Pseudorasbora parva are the dominant fish species in this area. The fish fauna was dominated by fishes that are widespread in the Northwest Qinghai-Tibetan subregion. Omnivorous, demersal, and settlement fish were the predominant ecological types. Also, the Zhuanglang River and the Yellow River had a higher diversity of fish species than the Datong River and the Wanchuan River. The beta diversity analysis showed that the habitats of the Yellow River were different from those of the Zhuanglang River, the Datong River, the Huangshui River and the Wanchuan River, and that the fish species differentiated somewhat in these rivers. Moreover, the fish composition dissimilarity between the Zhuanglang River, the Yellow River, the Huangshui River, and the Wanchuan River was high. The NMDS method was applied to the collected data and four separate groups with small geographic distance were identified.
Conclusion: Water conservancy facilities construction, alien fish, and water pollution may affect the diversity and distribution of fish in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. This study assessed available baseline information to ensure the protection and scientific management of freshwater fish diversity in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. This information will be useful for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

Key words: Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River, fish, diversity, protection and management

陈召松, 安蓓, 王子旺, 吴发宁, 孙章运, 张立勋 (2021) 黄河兰州段鱼类多样性与保护. 生物多样性, 29, 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199.

Zhaosong Chen, Bei An, Ziwang Wang, Faning Wu, Zhangyun Sun, Lixun Zhang (2021) Fish diversity and conservation in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1658-1672. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021199.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021199

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I12/1658

图/表 7

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河流 River	河流级别 Order	代号 Code	断面名称 Section name	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)
黄河 Yellow River	一级 First	S1	榆中县园子岔乡 Yuanzicha Town, Yuzhong County	36°22′	104°20′	1,404
黄河 Yellow River		S2	皋兰县什川镇1 Shichuan Town 1, Gaolan County	36°17′	104°09′	1,501
		S3	皋兰县什川镇2 Shichuan Town 2, Gaolan County	36°12′	104°03′	1,513
		S4	安宁区刘家堡街道 Liujiabao Street, Anning District	36°06′	103°40′	1,529
		S5	西固区河口镇 Hekou Town, Xigu District	36°10′	103°26′	1,508
大通河 Datong River	四级 Fourth	S6	永登县连城镇1 Liancheng Town 1, Yongdeng County	36°45′	102°43′	1,966
大通河 Datong River		S7	永登县连城镇2 Liancheng Town 2, Yongdeng County	36°39′	102°46′	1,904
		S8	永登县连城镇3 Liancheng Town 3, Yongdeng County	36°32′	102°52′	1,867
		S9	永登县河桥镇 Heqiao Town, Yongdeng County	36°27′	102°51′	1,822
湟水河 Huangshui River	四级 Fourth	S10	红古区海石湾镇 Haishiwan Town, Honggu District	36°20′	102°50′	1,680
湟水河 Huangshui River		S11	红古区红古镇 Honggu Town, Honggu District	36°13′	103°01′	1,624
		S12	红古区达川乡 Dachuan Town, Honggu District	36°07′	103°21′	1,547
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River	五级 Fifth	S13	永登县武胜驿镇 Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County	36°55′	103°08′	2,280
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River		S14	永登县柳树镇 Liushu Town, Yongdeng County	36°44′	103°14′	2,025
		S15	永登县龙泉寺镇 Longquansi Town, Yongdeng County	36°36′	103°21′	1,894
		S16	永登县苦水镇 Kushui Town, Yongdeng County	36°22′	103°23′	1,695
宛川河 Wanchuan River	五级 Fifth	S17	榆中县马坡乡 Mapo Town, Yuzhong County	35°46′	104°01′	2,465
宛川河 Wanchuan River		S18	榆中县小康营乡 Xiaokangying Town, Yuzhong County	35°44′	104°08′	2,186
		S19	榆中县龙泉乡 Longquan Town, Yuzhong County	35°38′	104°14′	2,092
		S20	榆中县甘草店镇 Gancaodian Town, Yuzhong County	35°46′	104°18′	1,853
		S21	榆中县夏官营镇 Xiaguanying Town, Yuzhong County	35°57′	104°11′	1,723
		S22	榆中县金崖镇 Jinya Town, Yuzhong County	36°00′	104°06′	1,627
		S23	榆中县来紫堡乡 Laizibao Town, Yuzhong County	36°03′	104°00′	1,461

河流 River	河流级别 Order	代号 Code	断面名称 Section name	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)
黄河 Yellow River	一级 First	S1	榆中县园子岔乡 Yuanzicha Town, Yuzhong County	36°22′	104°20′	1,404
黄河 Yellow River		S2	皋兰县什川镇1 Shichuan Town 1, Gaolan County	36°17′	104°09′	1,501
		S3	皋兰县什川镇2 Shichuan Town 2, Gaolan County	36°12′	104°03′	1,513
		S4	安宁区刘家堡街道 Liujiabao Street, Anning District	36°06′	103°40′	1,529
		S5	西固区河口镇 Hekou Town, Xigu District	36°10′	103°26′	1,508
大通河 Datong River	四级 Fourth	S6	永登县连城镇1 Liancheng Town 1, Yongdeng County	36°45′	102°43′	1,966
大通河 Datong River		S7	永登县连城镇2 Liancheng Town 2, Yongdeng County	36°39′	102°46′	1,904
		S8	永登县连城镇3 Liancheng Town 3, Yongdeng County	36°32′	102°52′	1,867
		S9	永登县河桥镇 Heqiao Town, Yongdeng County	36°27′	102°51′	1,822
湟水河 Huangshui River	四级 Fourth	S10	红古区海石湾镇 Haishiwan Town, Honggu District	36°20′	102°50′	1,680
湟水河 Huangshui River		S11	红古区红古镇 Honggu Town, Honggu District	36°13′	103°01′	1,624
		S12	红古区达川乡 Dachuan Town, Honggu District	36°07′	103°21′	1,547
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River	五级 Fifth	S13	永登县武胜驿镇 Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County	36°55′	103°08′	2,280
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River		S14	永登县柳树镇 Liushu Town, Yongdeng County	36°44′	103°14′	2,025
		S15	永登县龙泉寺镇 Longquansi Town, Yongdeng County	36°36′	103°21′	1,894
		S16	永登县苦水镇 Kushui Town, Yongdeng County	36°22′	103°23′	1,695
宛川河 Wanchuan River	五级 Fifth	S17	榆中县马坡乡 Mapo Town, Yuzhong County	35°46′	104°01′	2,465
宛川河 Wanchuan River		S18	榆中县小康营乡 Xiaokangying Town, Yuzhong County	35°44′	104°08′	2,186
		S19	榆中县龙泉乡 Longquan Town, Yuzhong County	35°38′	104°14′	2,092
		S20	榆中县甘草店镇 Gancaodian Town, Yuzhong County	35°46′	104°18′	1,853
		S21	榆中县夏官营镇 Xiaguanying Town, Yuzhong County	35°57′	104°11′	1,723
		S22	榆中县金崖镇 Jinya Town, Yuzhong County	36°00′	104°06′	1,627
		S23	榆中县来紫堡乡 Laizibao Town, Yuzhong County	36°03′	104°00′	1,461

物种 Species	黄河 Yellow River	大通河 Datong River	湟水河 Huang- shui River		庄浪河 Zhuang- lang River	宛川河 Wan- chuan River		土著物种的特有性 Endemic species		生态类型 Ecological types					濒危状况 Endangered status
								土著物种的特有性 Endemic species		食性 Feeding habits		栖息水层 Habit characteristics	生活习性 Life habits		濒危状况 Endangered status
								中国特有种 Endemic species to China	黄河特有种 Endemic species to the Yellow River	食性 Feeding habits		栖息水层 Habit characteristics	生活习性 Life habits		Jiang et al (2016)	IUCN (2021)
一鲤形目 Cypriniformes
(一)花鳅科 Cobitidae
1. 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	+		+			+				O		DE	SE		LC	LC
2. 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus*	+		+			+				O		DE	SE		LC
(二)条鳅科 Nemacheilidae
3. 东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis		+	+		+			+		C		DE	MS		LC	LC
4. 黄河高原鳅 Triplophysa pappenheimi	+	+			+			+	+	C		DE	MS		EN
5. 硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera		+	+		+			+		C		DE	MS		LC
6. 似鲇高原鳅 Triplophysa siluroides	+							+	+	C		DE	MS		VU
7. 斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae					+	+				O		DE	MS		LC
8. 粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta					+	+		+		O		DE	MS		LC
(三)鲤科 Cyprinidae
9. ? Hemiculter leucisculus*	+									O	U		DE	LC		LC
10. 鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis*	+									C	U		M	LC		DD
11. 高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus*	+									O	L		SE	LC		DD
12. 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis*	+									O	DE		SE	LC
13. 黄河鮈 Gobio huanghensis	+							+	+	C	DE		M	EN
14. 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva*	+	+	+	+			+			O	L		MS	LC		LC
15. 鲫 Carassius auratus*	+		+	+			+			O	DE		SE	LC		LC
16. 鲤 Cyprinus rubrofuscus	+						+			O	DE		SE	LC		LC
17. 黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi	+	+	+	+			+	+	+	O	L		MS	VU
二鲇形目 Siluriformes
(四)鲇科 Siluridae
18. 鲇 Silurus asotus	+									C	L		SE	LC		LC
三胡瓜鱼目 Osmeriformes
(五)胡瓜鱼科 Osmeridae
19. 池沼公鱼 Hypomesus olidus*	+									C	U		M	LC		LC
四鲈形目 Perciformes
(六)沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae
20. 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis*	+						+			C	DE		SE	LC		LC

物种 Species	黄河 Yellow River	大通河 Datong River	湟水河 Huang- shui River		庄浪河 Zhuang- lang River	宛川河 Wan- chuan River		土著物种的特有性 Endemic species		生态类型 Ecological types					濒危状况 Endangered status
								土著物种的特有性 Endemic species		食性 Feeding habits		栖息水层 Habit characteristics	生活习性 Life habits		濒危状况 Endangered status
								中国特有种 Endemic species to China	黄河特有种 Endemic species to the Yellow River	食性 Feeding habits		栖息水层 Habit characteristics	生活习性 Life habits		Jiang et al (2016)	IUCN (2021)
一鲤形目 Cypriniformes
(一)花鳅科 Cobitidae
1. 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	+		+			+				O		DE	SE		LC	LC
2. 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus*	+		+			+				O		DE	SE		LC
(二)条鳅科 Nemacheilidae
3. 东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis		+	+		+			+		C		DE	MS		LC	LC
4. 黄河高原鳅 Triplophysa pappenheimi	+	+			+			+	+	C		DE	MS		EN
5. 硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera		+	+		+			+		C		DE	MS		LC
6. 似鲇高原鳅 Triplophysa siluroides	+							+	+	C		DE	MS		VU
7. 斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae					+	+				O		DE	MS		LC
8. 粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta					+	+		+		O		DE	MS		LC
(三)鲤科 Cyprinidae
9. ? Hemiculter leucisculus*	+									O	U		DE	LC		LC
10. 鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis*	+									C	U		M	LC		DD
11. 高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus*	+									O	L		SE	LC		DD
12. 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis*	+									O	DE		SE	LC
13. 黄河鮈 Gobio huanghensis	+							+	+	C	DE		M	EN
14. 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva*	+	+	+	+			+			O	L		MS	LC		LC
15. 鲫 Carassius auratus*	+		+	+			+			O	DE		SE	LC		LC
16. 鲤 Cyprinus rubrofuscus	+						+			O	DE		SE	LC		LC
17. 黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi	+	+	+	+			+	+	+	O	L		MS	VU
二鲇形目 Siluriformes
(四)鲇科 Siluridae
18. 鲇 Silurus asotus	+									C	L		SE	LC		LC
三胡瓜鱼目 Osmeriformes
(五)胡瓜鱼科 Osmeridae
19. 池沼公鱼 Hypomesus olidus*	+									C	U		M	LC		LC
四鲈形目 Perciformes
(六)沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae
20. 小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis*	+						+			C	DE		SE	LC		LC

河流 River	采样断面 Sampling sections	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou指数 Pielou index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
黄河 Yellow River	S1	1.101	0.459	0.430
	S2	1.300	0.808	0.679
	S3	0	-	0
	S4	2.343	0.888	0.882
	S5	0.548	0.395	0.248
	河流 River (mean ± SD)	1.058 ± 0.879	0.637 ± 0.246	0.448 ± 0.347
大通河 Datong River	S6	1.048	0.954	0.631
	S7	0.837	0.761	0.478
	S8	0.349	0.503	0.198
	S9	0	-	0
	河流 River (mean ± SD)	0.559 ± 0.474	0.740 ± 0.226	0.327 ± 0.282
湟水河 Huangshui River	S10	0.826	0.596	0.415
	S11	1.099	1.000	0.667
	S12	0.305	0.439	0.165
	河流 River (mean ± SD)	0.743 ± 0.403	0.678 ± 0.289	0.416 ± 0.251
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River	S13	1.431	0.798	0.729
	S14	0.994	0.905	0.605
	S15	1.183	0.735	0.652
	S16	0.451	0.650	0.278
	河流 River (mean ± SD)	1.015 ± 0.416	0.772 ± 0.107	0.566 ± 0.199
宛川河 Wanchuan River	S17	0.689	0.994	0.496
	S18	1.027	0.494	0.536
	S19	0	-	0
	S20	0	0	1.000
	S21	0	0	1.000
	S22	0	0	1.000
	S23	0	-	0
	河流 River (mean ± SD)	0.245 ± 0.430	0.298 ± 0.444	0.576 ± 0.449

黄河兰州段鱼类多样性与保护

Fish diversity and conservation in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River

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	黄河 Yellow River	大通河 Datong River	湟水河 Huangshui River	庄浪河 Zhuanglang River	宛川河 Wanchuan River
黄河 Yellow River		12.5	10.6	13.3	9.1
大通河 Datong River	7.5		3.0	2.6	8.0
湟水河 Huangshui River	6.5	2.0		4.0	4.8
庄浪河 Zhuanglang River	8.0	0.2	2.5		5.5
宛川河 Wanchuan River	5.5	5.0	3.0	3.5

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