自然保护区物种多样性保护价值评价方法

doi:10.17520/biods.2016350

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何客观地确定自然保护区的保护优先性, 为自然保护区的晋级和确定管理类型提供科学依据, 已成为当前亟待解决的问题。本研究通过对已有评价指标和方法的对比、专家咨询、评价指标量化处理, 提出了量化评价自然保护区物种多样性保护价值的方法。此评价方法包括了自然保护区野生植物、野生动物、珍稀濒危野生植物和珍稀濒危野生动物多样性保护价值指数等量化模型。同时我们应用此方法对华北暖温带区域的39个自然保护区和东北温带区域的67个自然保护区的物种多样性保护价值进行了评价。结果表明, 位于华北暖温带区域的河北南大港湿地和辽河源及北京雾灵山, 以及位于东北温带区域的黑龙江镜泊湖、大佳河和翠北湿地等省级自然保护区的物种多样性保护价值较高, 可推荐优先晋级国家级自然保护区。该物种多样性保护价值评价方法能够较好地反映自然保护区之间物种及各类群多样性保护价值的差异, 确定自然保护区保护优先序列。此外自然保护区物种多样性保护价值在不同自然保护地理区和不同类型自然保护区之间存在显著差别。

关键词: 自然保护区, 野生植物, 野生动物, 多样性, 保护价值

Abstract

In order to provide a scientific basis for upgrading the level of a nature reserve (NR) and selecting the appropriate management type, the conservation priority of NRs should be identified. How to objectively identify conservation priorities has become a key problem. We propose a mathematical method to comprehensively assess species diversity conservation values by comparing existing evaluation indexes and methods, consulting experts and processing indexes quantitatively. This evaluation method includes the following indices: the wild plant diversity conservation value index; wild animal diversity conservation value index; rare and endangered wild plant diversity conservation value index; and the rare and endangered wild animal diversity conservation value index of a NR. Meanwhile, 39 NRs in North China Warm Temperate Region and 67 NRs in Northeast China Temperate Region were selected as case studies to verify methods, based on species diversity data of the NRs. The evaluation results revealed that some provincial NRs could be recommended for an upgrade to national NRs, due to high species diversity conservation values, including the Nandagang Wetland and Liaohe River Source NRs of Hebei, Wuling Mountain NR of Beijing in the North China Warm Temperate Region, the Jingpo Lake, Dajia River, and Cuibei Wetland NRs of Heilongjiang in the Northeast China Temperate Region. The computation method showed a great advantage in comparing species (various groups) diversity conservation values for different NRs and determining the conservation priority sequence. Moreover, there were significant differences in the species diversity conservation value of NR among different natural conservation geographical areas, and types of NRs.

Key words: nature reserve, wild plant, wild animal, diversity, conservation value

郭子良, 邢韶华, 崔国发 (2017) 自然保护区物种多样性保护价值评价方法. 生物多样性, 25, 312-324. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016350.

Ziliang Guo, Shaohua Xing, Guofa Cui (2017) A method for assessing species diversity conservation value of nature reserves. Biodiversity Science, 25, 312-324. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016350.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016350

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I3/312

图/表 6

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评价指标 Evaluation index	分级赋值 Assignment
评价指标 Evaluation index	8	4	2	1
濒危性 Endangerment	极危Critically Endangered	濒危Endangered	易危Vulnerable	近危和无危Near Threatened and Least Concern
特有性 Endemism	植物地区特有 Endemic to plant province	植物亚区特有 Endemic to plant subarea	中国特有 Endemic to China	非中国特有 Not endemic to China
保护等级 Conservation level	国家一级保护或特殊保护 First-category national protected or special protected	国家二级保护 Second-category national protected	地方重点保护 Provincial key protected	其他 Others

评价指标 Evaluation index	分级赋值 Assignment
评价指标 Evaluation index	8	4	2	1
濒危性 Endangerment	极危Critically Endangered	濒危Endangered	易危Vulnerable	近危和无危Near Threatened and Least Concern
特有性 Endemism	植物地区特有 Endemic to plant province	植物亚区特有 Endemic to plant subarea	中国特有 Endemic to China	非中国特有 Not endemic to China
保护等级 Conservation level	国家一级保护或特殊保护 First-category national protected or special protected	国家二级保护 Second-category national protected	地方重点保护 Provincial key protected	其他 Others

评价指标 Evaluation index	分级赋值 Assignment
评价指标 Evaluation index	8	4	2	1
濒危性 Endangerment	极危Critically Endangered	濒危Endangered	易危Vulnerable	近危和无危Near Threatened and Least Concern
特有性^*Endemism	动物地理地区特有 Endemic to animal province	中国特有 Endemic to China	中国主要分布 Distributed mainly in China	中国次要或边缘分布 Distributed secondary or marginal in China
保护等级 Conservation level	国家一级保护或特殊保护 First-category national protected or special protected	国家二级保护 Second-category national protected	地方重点保护 Provincial key protected	其他 Others

评价指标 Evaluation index	分级赋值 Assignment
评价指标 Evaluation index	8	4	2	1
濒危性 Endangerment	极危Critically Endangered	濒危Endangered	易危Vulnerable	近危和无危Near Threatened and Least Concern
特有性^*Endemism	动物地理地区特有 Endemic to animal province	中国特有 Endemic to China	中国主要分布 Distributed mainly in China	中国次要或边缘分布 Distributed secondary or marginal in China
保护等级 Conservation level	国家一级保护或特殊保护 First-category national protected or special protected	国家二级保护 Second-category national protected	地方重点保护 Provincial key protected	其他 Others

自然保护地理区 Natural conservation geographical area	自然保护区 Nature reserve (NR)	省份 Province		N_P	V_P		N_PT	V_PT	N_A	V_A	N_AT	V_AT
森林 Forest
辽西冀北山地落叶阔叶林区 The North Hebei Province and West Liaoning Province Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Area	努鲁儿虎山 Nuluerhu Mountain NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		866	33.91		5	5.66	323	43.55	37	23.58
	大黑山 Dahei Mountain NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		792	33.48		4	4.90	352	47.91	50	29.87
	白狼山 Bailang Mountain NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		799	33.02		5	5.66	198	31.76	19	13.71
	虹螺山 Hongluo Mountain NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		783	32.83		8	7.21	197	31.89	18	14.00
	海棠山 Haitang Mountain NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		729	31.64		7	7.21	226	37.20	36	24.25
七老图山落叶阔叶林与草原区 Qilaotu Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest and Steppe Area	辽河源 Liaohe River Source NR	河北Hebei		831	34.64		5	6.00	241	39.18	37	24.49
	北大山 Beida Mountain NR	河北Hebei		715	32.30		5	6.00	213	36.78	33	23.75
燕山落叶阔叶林区 Yanshan Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Area	松山 Songshan Mountain NR^*	北京Beijing		740	34.07		7	10.39	167	29.10	19	15.10
	雾灵山 Wuling Mountain NR	北京Beijing		680	33.33		7	10.20	165	30.02	21	16.97
	青龙都山 Dushan Mountain NR, Qinglong	河北Hebei		691	32.3		6	6.63	203	33.27	28	20.49
	青龙河 Qinglong River NR^*	辽宁Liaoning		730	32.08		4	5.29	193	34.73	27	20.88
	喇叭沟门 Labagoumen NR	北京Beijing		622	29.97		4	5.29	152	30.35	24	19.08
	六里坪猕猴 Liuliping Rhesus Monkeys NR	河北Hebei		604	29.78		4	5.29	206	36.46	28	22.09
	宽城都山 Dushan Mountain NR, Kuancheng	河北Hebei		545	28.37		5	6.00	205	36.73	28	22.63
	宽城千鹤山 Qianhe Mountain NR, Kuancheng	河北Hebei		572	28.32		4	5.29	221	41.80	33	28.28
	八仙山 Baxian Mountain NR^*	天津Tianjin		510	26.85		2	4.00	189	30.38	23	16.00
晋北中山落叶阔叶林与草原区 The North Shanxi Province Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest and Steppe Area	驼梁 Tuoliang NR^*	河北Hebei		843	36.77		6	6.63	283	48.15	44	33.41
	灵空山 Lingkong Mountain NR^*	山西Shanxi		811	34.60		6	7.75	215	39.01	33	25.61
	芦芽山 Luya Mountain NR^*	山西Shanxi		651	30.97		3	4.90	299	44.38	40	28.21
	银河山 Yinhe Mountain NR	河北Hebei		613	30.40		2	4.00	175	32.37	23	19.18
	漫山 Manshan Mountain NR	河北Hebei		480	27.18		5	8.00	168	31.72	22	19.18
太行山东麓栽培植被与落叶阔叶林区 The East Taihang Mountains Cultivate Vegetation and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Area	小五台山 Xiaowutai Mountain NR^*	河北Hebei		1,305	46.70		9	14.56	150	33.78	23	25.30
	青崖寨 Qingyazhai NR^*	河北Hebei		847	42.68		5	23.24	187	32.45	27	19.70
	百花山 Baihua Mountain NR^*	北京Beijing		821	37.84		11	14.97	172	31.80	14	19.80
	摩天岭 Motianling NR	河北Hebei		775	34.31		6	6.63	177	33.78	23	22.09
	金华山-横岭子褐马鸡 Jinhua Mountain-Henglingzi Brown Eared-Pheasant NR	河北Hebei		672	31.95		6	6.63	150	32.95	22	24.00
	三峰山 Sanfeng Mountain NR	河北Hebei		676	31.84		4	5.29	161	29.36	19	16.73
	云蒙山 Yunmeng Mountain NR	北京Beijing		514	27.29		2	4.00	123	26.80	13	16.49
	大茂山 Damao Mountain NR	河北Hebei		413	24.49		2	3.46	118	23.09	14	11.31
太行山南段山地落叶阔叶林与湿地区 The South Taihang Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest and Wetland Area	蟒河猕猴Manghe River Rhesus Monkeys NR^*	山西Shanxi		773	35.10		6	8.49	280	41.70	33	25.14
草原草甸 Steppe and Meadow
燕山落叶阔叶林区 Yanshan Mountains Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Area	白草洼 Baicaowa NR	河北Hebei		783	35.01		6	10.00	207	32.74	29	18.97
	滦河源草地 Luanhe River Source Steppe NR		河北Hebei	682	31.35	6		8.25	101	24.06	16	14.97
	红松洼 Hongsongwa NR^*		河北Hebei	517	27.89	3		8.94	267	43.31	42	28.57
	御道口 Yudaokou NR		河北Hebei	495	27.33	3		6.93	196	39.32	36	28.35
湿地 Wetland
海河平原栽培植被与湿地区 Haihe Plain Cultivate Vegetation and Wetland Area	曹妃甸湿地和鸟类 Caofeidian Wetland and Bird NR		河北Hebei	217	16.09	0		0	297	52.89	55	39.24
	衡水湖 Hengshui Lake NR^*		河北Hebei	285	18.63	1		2	339	52.86	58	36.93
	南大港湿地 Nandagang Wetland NR		河北Hebei	216	16.03	1		2	276	52.57	53	40.25
	古海岸与湿地 Palecoast and Wetland NR^*		天津Tianjin	194	15.3	1		2	271	50.57	45	36.82
	白洋淀 Baiyangdian NR		河北Hebei	324	19.95	0		0	220	42.93	33	29.73