尚勇保护区亚洲象种群数量评估和遗传多样性分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2014247

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 202-209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014247

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

尚勇保护区亚洲象种群数量评估和遗传多样性分析

何长欢¹, 周玉¹, 王利繁^2,^*(), 张立^1,^*()

1 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室, 北京 100875
2 西双版纳国家级自然保护区尚勇管理所, 云南勐腊 666300

收稿日期:2014-11-27 接受日期:2015-02-11 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-04-09
通讯作者: 王利繁,张立
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31172108)、国家985重点建设项目北京师范大学生物多样性科学与濒危物种保育科技创新平台及美国内政部鱼和野生动物管理局亚洲象保护基金(98210-8-G565)

Estimating population size and genetic diversity of Asian elephant in the Shangyong Nature Reserve

Changhuan He¹, Yu Zhou¹, Lifan Wang^2,^*(), Li Zhang^1,^*()

1 College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875
2 Shangyong Sub-reserve of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Mengla, Yunnan 666300

Received:2014-11-27 Accepted:2015-02-11 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-04-09
Contact: Wang Lifan,Zhang Li

1. 附表1 尚勇保护区与勐养保护区亚洲象遗传多样性比较 .pdf(61KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚洲象(Elephas maximus)是我国国家一级保护动物, 准确地评估其种群大小和遗传多样性对该物种的保护具有十分重要的意义。本文采用非损伤性取样方法, 并结合野外观察数据对尚勇保护区当前亚洲象种群数量进行了评估, 同时对该种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。采用7对微卫星引物对185份粪便样品进行扩增, 通过基因分型, 得到59个独特的基因型。文章采用两种方法评估种群数量, 即聚集曲线法和分子标记重捕法, 估计尚勇保护区的亚洲象种群数量为76 ± 8头(95%置信区间内为67-99头)。遗传多样性方面, 平均等位基因数为3.86, 平均观察杂合度为0.52, 平均期望杂合度为0.42, 平均多态信息含量为0.34, 表明尚勇保护区亚洲象种群遗传多样性水平为中等偏低, 与勐养种群遗传多样性水平相似。

关键词: Elephas maximus, 微卫星, 聚集曲线法, 分子标记重捕法, 种群数量, 遗传多样性

Abstract

Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is a first class protected species in China. Estimation of the population size and genetic variability is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. A genetic survey was conducted using multi locus genotyping of noninvasively collected fecal samples of the Asian elephant population in the Shangyong Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province of China. Amplification of 185 fecal DNA samples by 7 microsatellite primers resulted in a total of 59 unique genotypes. The average number of alleles was 3.86, the average observed and expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC), was 0.52, 0.42 and 0.34, respectively. Accumulation curve method and capture mark re-capture were used to evaluate the population size. Results indicated that the population size in Shangyong Nature Reserve was 76 ± 8 (from 67 to 99 individuals, 95% confidence interval). Overall, a moderate level of genetic variability was observed in the Shangyong population, which was similar to a population in the Mengyang region.

Key words: Asian elephant, microsatellite, accumulation curve method, capture mark re-capture method, population size, genetic diversity

何长欢, 周玉, 王利繁, 张立 (2015) 尚勇保护区亚洲象种群数量评估和遗传多样性分析. 生物多样性, 23, 202-209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014247.

Changhuan He, Yu Zhou, Lifan Wang, Li Zhang (2015) Estimating population size and genetic diversity of Asian elephant in the Shangyong Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 23, 202-209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014247.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014247

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I2/202

图/表 5

参考文献 35

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位点Locus	矫正随机识别概率P_id/biased	无偏随机识别概率P_id/unbiased	同胞识别概率P_id-sib
M2	6.656e-01	6.656e-01	8.221e-01
P14	3.762e-01	3.762e-01	5.952e-01
P15	7.712e-01	7.624e-01	8.796e-01
P19	2.529e-01	2.437e-01	5.214e-01
P21	3.294e-01	3.160e-01	5.932e-01
P23	1.532e-01	1.421e-01	4.509e-01
P24	4.810e-01	4.697e-01	6.938e-01
Total	1.185e-03	9.523e-04	4.164e-02

位点Locus	矫正随机识别概率P_id/biased	无偏随机识别概率P_id/unbiased	同胞识别概率P_id-sib
M2	6.656e-01	6.656e-01	8.221e-01
P14	3.762e-01	3.762e-01	5.952e-01
P15	7.712e-01	7.624e-01	8.796e-01
P19	2.529e-01	2.437e-01	5.214e-01
P21	3.294e-01	3.160e-01	5.932e-01
P23	1.532e-01	1.421e-01	4.509e-01
P24	4.810e-01	4.697e-01	6.938e-01
Total	1.185e-03	9.523e-04	4.164e-02

方法 Method	模型 Model	种群数量 Population size	95%置信区间 95% CI
聚集曲线法	Chessel 方程	67 ± 4	46-66
Accumulation curve	Eggert 方程	83 ± 15	53-103
	Kohn 方程	132 ± 30	73-175
分子标记重捕法	Mark M(t)	76 ± 8	67-99
Capture mark re-capture	Capwire TIRM	110	81-138

方法 Method	模型 Model	种群数量 Population size	95%置信区间 95% CI
聚集曲线法	Chessel 方程	67 ± 4	46-66
Accumulation curve	Eggert 方程	83 ± 15	53-103
	Kohn 方程	132 ± 30	73-175
分子标记重捕法	Mark M(t)	76 ± 8	67-99
Capture mark re-capture	Capwire TIRM	110	81-138

位点 Locus	基因型数量 Genotype number	等位基因数目 Allele number	片段长度 Size range (bp)	期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity (H_e)	观察杂合度 Observed heterozygosity (H_o)	多态信息含量 Polymorphism information content (PIC)	有效等位基因数目 Effective number of alleles (N_e)
M2	59	4	131-147	0.19	0.20	0.18	1.23
P14	59	2	145-149	0.50	0.93	0.37	1.99
P15	59	2	123-125	0.13	0.07	0.12	1.15
P19	59	5	145-155	0.58	0.78	0.51	2.41
P21	59	7	210-226	0.48	0.64	0.30	1.72
P23	59	5	221-229	0.67	0.76	0.63	3.08
P24	59	2	162-164	0.35	0.22	0.29	1.55
平均 Mean	59	3.86	/	0.42	0.52	0.34	1.88

尚勇保护区亚洲象种群数量评估和遗传多样性分析

Estimating population size and genetic diversity of Asian elephant in the Shangyong Nature Reserve

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参考文献 35

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编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001

编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001

位点 Locus		尚勇 Shangyong			勐养 Mengyang*
位点 Locus		期望杂合度Expected heterozygosity (H_e)	观察杂合度Observed heterozygosity (H_o)	多态信息含量Polymorphism information content (PIC)	期望杂合度Expected heterozygosity (H_e)	观察杂合度Observed heterozygosity (H_o)	多态信息含量Polymorphism information content (PIC)
M2	EMX-1	0.19	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.18	0.16
P14	LafMS09	0.50	0.93	0.37	0.49	0.85	0.37
P15	LafMS10	0.13	0.07	0.12	0.12	0.02	0.12
P19	FH60	0.58	0.78	0.51	0.54	0.84	0.46
P21	FH94	0.48	0.64	0.30	0.40	0.42	0.37
P23	LA2	0.67	0.76	0.63	0.31	0.25	0.30
P24	LA3	0.35	0.22	0.29	0.29	0.20	0.25
Mean		0.42	0.52	0.34	0.32	0.36	0.28

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编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001

编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001

编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001

编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history	编号 Number	捕获历史 Capture history
1	110	13	010	25	010	37	010	49	001
2	100	14	010	26	010	38	010	50	110
3	100	15	010	27	010	39	111	51	100
4	110	16	010	28	010	40	010	52	100
5	100	17	011	29	010	41	010	53	100
6	110	18	010	30	010	42	011	54	010
7	111	19	111	31	010	43	001	55	010
8	111	20	010	32	010	44	010	56	010
9	011	21	010	33	110	45	010	57	010
10	110	22	110	34	010	46	111	58	010
11	010	23	010	35	010	47	001	59	001
12	010	24	001	36	110	48	001