生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 630-639. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.00109
赵彩云1, 柳晓燕1, 白加德2, 吕凤春1, 李俊生1,*()
收稿日期:
2014-06-03
接受日期:
2014-09-15
出版日期:
2014-09-20
发布日期:
2014-10-09
通讯作者:
李俊生
基金资助:
Caiyun Zhao1, Xiaoyan Liu1, Jiade Bai2, Fengchun Lü1, Junsheng Li1,*()
Received:
2014-06-03
Accepted:
2014-09-15
Online:
2014-09-20
Published:
2014-10-09
Contact:
Li Junsheng
摘要:
为了解互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵红树林的生态影响, 作者对位于北海市西村港的红树林湿地以及周边互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。2012年10月至2013年9月连续4次取样, 按照取样时间研究大型底栖动物的种类、物种组成、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征的差异, 探讨互花米草入侵红树林湿地对大型底栖动物的影响。本研究共采集底栖动物16种, 隶属于5门7纲15科, 其中互花米草群落10种, 红树林湿地12种。研究发现互花米草入侵后中国绿螂(Glauconome chinensis)个体数量剧增, 导致不同采样时间互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物生物量均显著高于红树林湿地; 除个别月份外, 红树林湿地大型底栖动物的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于互花米草群落。基于生境-采样时间的双因素方差分析结果表明, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境间差异显著; 两种生境的Margalef丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数在不同采样时间差异显著; 大型底栖动物生物量和物种数量在两种生境间和不同采样时间差异均显著。基于多元回归分析的研究结果表明, 互花米草密度是影响大型底栖动物生物量的关键因子, 而互花米草株高可以解释物种个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境的变化。对不同采样时间大型底栖动物群落结构的非度量多维度(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)分析结果表明, 红树林与互花米草群落的大型底栖动物群落相似性很低。总而言之, 在西村港地区, 互花米草入侵虽然增加了大型底栖动物的生物量, 但由于优势物种的凸显, 显著降低了大型底栖动物群落的多样性, 且种类组成与群落结构与红树林群落相比已有差异。由此可见, 互花米草入侵红树林对当地的大型底栖动物群落多样性造成影响。
赵彩云, 柳晓燕, 白加德, 吕凤春, 李俊生 (2014) 广西北海西村港互花米草对红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 630-639. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.00109.
Caiyun Zhao, Xiaoyan Liu, Jiade Bai, Fengchun Lü, Junsheng Li (2014) Impact of Spartina alterniflora on benthic macro-invertebrates communities on mangrove wetland in Xicungang Estuary, Guangxi. Biodiversity Science, 22, 630-639. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.00109.
图1 广西北海西村港大型底栖动物采样点分布图(S表示互花米草群落, M表示红树林)
Fig. 1 Locations of macro-invertebrates sampling sites in Xicungang, Beihai city, Guangxi Province. S represents Spartina alterniflora community, and M represents mangrove wetland.
门 Phyla | 纲 Class | 科 Family | 种 Species | 互花米草Spartinar alterniflora | 红树林Mangrove |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
节肢动物门 Arthropoda | 甲壳纲 Crustacea | 和尚蟹科 Mictyridae | 短指和尚蟹 Mictyris brevidactylus | + | + |
沙蟹科 Ocypodidae | 沙蟹 Ocypodidae, sp. | + | + | ||
弧边招潮蟹 Uca arcuata | - | + | |||
藤壶科 Balanuidae | 藤壶 Balanus sp. | - | + | ||
软体动物门 Mollusca | 腹足纲 Gastropoda | 汇螺科 Potamididae | 汇螺 Potamididae, sp. | - | + |
滨螺科 Littorinidae | 黑口拟滨螺 Littoraia melanostoma | + | + | ||
蜑螺科 Neritidae | 奥莱彩螺 Clithon oualaniensis | + | + | ||
双壳纲 Bivalvia | 满月蛤科 Lucinidae | 满月蛤 Lucinidae, sp. | + | - | |
绿螂科 Glauconcomidae | 中国绿螂 Glauconome chinensis | ++ | + | ||
樱蛤科 Tellinidae | 透明美丽蛤 Tellina diaphana | - | + | ||
多板纲 Polyplacophora | 锉石鳖科 Ischnochitonidae | 锉石鳖 Ischnochitonidae, sp. | - | + | |
石鱉科 Chitonidae | 石鳖 Chitonidae, sp. | + | + | ||
多板纲 Polyplacophora | 多板 Polyplacophora, sp. | + | - | ||
环节动物门 Annelida | 多毛纲 Polychaeta | 沙蚕科 Nereididae | 沙蚕 Nereididae, sp. | + | - |
星虫动物门 Sipuncula | 方格星虫纲 Sipunculidea | 方格星虫科 Sipunculidae | 裸体方格星虫 Sipunculus nudus | - | + |
腔肠动物门 Cnidaria | 珊瑚纲 Anthozoa | 石珊瑚目 Madreporaria | 石珊瑚 Madreporaria, sp. | + | - |
表1 西村港互花米草群落与红树林的大型底栖动物群落种类和组成
Table 1 Species composition of macro-invertebrates in Spartina alterniflora and mangrove in Xicungang
门 Phyla | 纲 Class | 科 Family | 种 Species | 互花米草Spartinar alterniflora | 红树林Mangrove |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
节肢动物门 Arthropoda | 甲壳纲 Crustacea | 和尚蟹科 Mictyridae | 短指和尚蟹 Mictyris brevidactylus | + | + |
沙蟹科 Ocypodidae | 沙蟹 Ocypodidae, sp. | + | + | ||
弧边招潮蟹 Uca arcuata | - | + | |||
藤壶科 Balanuidae | 藤壶 Balanus sp. | - | + | ||
软体动物门 Mollusca | 腹足纲 Gastropoda | 汇螺科 Potamididae | 汇螺 Potamididae, sp. | - | + |
滨螺科 Littorinidae | 黑口拟滨螺 Littoraia melanostoma | + | + | ||
蜑螺科 Neritidae | 奥莱彩螺 Clithon oualaniensis | + | + | ||
双壳纲 Bivalvia | 满月蛤科 Lucinidae | 满月蛤 Lucinidae, sp. | + | - | |
绿螂科 Glauconcomidae | 中国绿螂 Glauconome chinensis | ++ | + | ||
樱蛤科 Tellinidae | 透明美丽蛤 Tellina diaphana | - | + | ||
多板纲 Polyplacophora | 锉石鳖科 Ischnochitonidae | 锉石鳖 Ischnochitonidae, sp. | - | + | |
石鱉科 Chitonidae | 石鳖 Chitonidae, sp. | + | + | ||
多板纲 Polyplacophora | 多板 Polyplacophora, sp. | + | - | ||
环节动物门 Annelida | 多毛纲 Polychaeta | 沙蚕科 Nereididae | 沙蚕 Nereididae, sp. | + | - |
星虫动物门 Sipuncula | 方格星虫纲 Sipunculidea | 方格星虫科 Sipunculidae | 裸体方格星虫 Sipunculus nudus | - | + |
腔肠动物门 Cnidaria | 珊瑚纲 Anthozoa | 石珊瑚目 Madreporaria | 石珊瑚 Madreporaria, sp. | + | - |
图2 不同采样时间红树林与互花米草群落大型底栖动物物种数量(A)和生物量(B)的差异
Fig. 2 Comparison of the number of macro-invertebrates (A) and biomass (B) in Spartina alterniflora community and mangrove at different sampling time
采样时间 Time | 生境 Habitat | 甲壳纲 Crustacea | 腹足纲 Gastropoda | 双壳纲 Bivalvia | 多板纲 Polyplacophora | 多毛纲 Polychaeta | 方格星虫纲Sipunculidea | 珊瑚纲 Anthozoa | 合计 Sum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012.10 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.040 | 0.008 | 3.063 | 0.030 | 0.005 | 0.00 | 0.005 | 3.151 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.094 | 0.037 | 0.057 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.188 | |
2012.12 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.002 | 0.00 | 2.997 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.999 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.206 | 0.00 | 0.144 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.350 | |
2013.5 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.435 | 0.00 | 0.002 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.517 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.014 | |
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.028 | 0.043 | 15.747 | 0.032 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.850 | |
2013.9 | 红树林 Mangrove | 0.087 | 0.003 | 0.335 | 0.074 | 0.00 | 0.030 | 0.00 | 0.530 |
合计 Sum | 0.486 | 0.157 | 22.778 | 0.136 | 0.006 | 0.030 | 0.005 | 23.598 |
表2 西村港不同季节不同生境的大型底栖动物生物量(g/m2)
Table 2 Biomass of macro-invertebrates in different habitats and different seasons in Xicungang
采样时间 Time | 生境 Habitat | 甲壳纲 Crustacea | 腹足纲 Gastropoda | 双壳纲 Bivalvia | 多板纲 Polyplacophora | 多毛纲 Polychaeta | 方格星虫纲Sipunculidea | 珊瑚纲 Anthozoa | 合计 Sum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012.10 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.040 | 0.008 | 3.063 | 0.030 | 0.005 | 0.00 | 0.005 | 3.151 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.094 | 0.037 | 0.057 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.188 | |
2012.12 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.002 | 0.00 | 2.997 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.999 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.206 | 0.00 | 0.144 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.350 | |
2013.5 | 互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.435 | 0.00 | 0.002 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.517 |
红树林 Mangrove | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.014 | |
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora | 0.028 | 0.043 | 15.747 | 0.032 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.850 | |
2013.9 | 红树林 Mangrove | 0.087 | 0.003 | 0.335 | 0.074 | 0.00 | 0.030 | 0.00 | 0.530 |
合计 Sum | 0.486 | 0.157 | 22.778 | 0.136 | 0.006 | 0.030 | 0.005 | 23.598 |
图4 西村港盐沼不同取样时间大型底栖动物采样点的非度量多维度分析
Fig. 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots for the benthic macro-invertebrates at Xicungang marshes at different sampling time
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