珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13240

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 640-648. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13240

所属专题：海洋生物多样性

珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响

汤雁滨¹, 廖一波¹, 寿鹿¹, 曾江宁^1,^*(), 高爱根¹, 陈全震¹, 孙庆海²

1 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所, 杭州 310012
2 温州海虎海藻养殖有限公司, 浙江温州 325401

收稿日期:2013-11-12 接受日期:2014-07-15 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-10-09
通讯作者: 曾江宁
基金资助:
国家“973”项目(2010CB428903);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305009, 201305043-3, 200905011-2);浙江省海洋环保项目“温州海域大型海藻专项调查与藻类资源恢复示范”(WZHX201210116)

Influence of coralline algae on biodiversity of macrobenthic community in intertidal zone of Nanji Islands

Yanbin Tang¹, Yibo Liao¹, Lu Shou¹, Jiangning Zeng^1,^*(), Aigen Gao¹, Quanzhen Chen¹, Qinghai Sun²

1 Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012
2 Wenzhou Seatiger Seaweed Cultivation Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325401

Received:2013-11-12 Accepted:2014-07-15 Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-10-09
Contact: Zeng Jiangning

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解南麂列岛潮间带珊瑚藻类对于其他大型藻类和底栖动物的影响, 在南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区布设了4条潮间带断面, 于2012年5月至2013年2月对其生物状况进行了逐季调查, 分别分析了中低潮区大型藻类、非珊瑚藻大型藻类、底栖动物的物种多样性和均匀度, 并计算了大型底栖动物的功能多样性指数Rao's Q。主要结果如下: (1)共采集和鉴定出大型藻类52种, 其中珊瑚藻科藻类有5种; (2)珊瑚藻类在高潮区没有分布, 在中低潮区均占据优势, 占潮间带藻类生物量的68.9%。四季中低潮区大型藻类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.638-4.044, 非珊瑚藻大型藻类的多样性指数范围为1.495-3.809, 底栖动物为5.289-6.917; 大型藻类的Pielou均匀度指数范围为0.819-0.971, 非珊瑚藻大型藻类的均匀度指数范围为0.830-0.973, 底栖动物为0.967-0.988; (3)大型藻类物种多样性和均匀度指数的降低与珊瑚藻类优势度的增加相关, 但珊瑚藻类优势度与底栖动物物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和功能多样性指数均没有显著相关性; (4)底栖动物功能多样性与珊瑚藻类优势度均呈低潮区高于中潮区的变化规律, 但相关性分析表明两者间并无直接联系。推测珊瑚藻类通过竞争占据了其他藻类的生存空间, 从而降低了南麂列岛潮间带大型藻类的物种多样性和均匀度。底栖动物则因其自身生活特点而使得珊瑚藻类的扩张未能影响其多样性水平。

关键词: 大型藻类, 底栖动物, 物种多样性, 功能多样性

Abstract

With an aim of describing the influence of coralline algae on other macroalgae and benthic invertebrates in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands, an investigation of such organism assemblages was conducted in the Nanji Archipelago Marine Nature Reserve between May 2012 and February 2013. Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's evenness indices were calculated for macroalgae (including coralline algae), non-Corallinaceae macroalgae (excluding coralline algae) and benthic invertebrates. In addition, the functional diversity of the benthic community was estimated using Rao's Q. Our results are as follows: (1) A total of 52 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 phyla, 3 classes, 16 orders, 21 families and 41 genera were found; 5 species among them belonged to coralline algae; (2) The dominance of coralline algae has reached a high level in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands except in the high tidal zone where relatively few macroalgae exist. The biomass of coralline alga accounted for 68.9% of the total algae biomass. Shannon-Wiener indices of macroalgae diversity varied from 1.638-4.044, and non-Corallinaceae macroalgae varied from 1.495- 3.809, while benthic invertebrates’ varied from 5.2890-6.917. Pielou’s evenness of macroalgae communities varied from 0.819-0.971, and non-Corallinaceae macroalgae varied from 0.930-0.973; benthic invertebrates ranged from 0.967 to 0.988; (3) Regression analyses between dominance of coralline algae and Shannon-Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices of macroalgae communities suggested that coralline algae may be reducing the species diversity of macroalgae. The result of correlation analysis between dominance of coralline algae and Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's evenness of benthic invertebrates showed no significant correlation. (4) The dominance of coralline algae and Rao's Q of benthic invertebrates in low tidal zone were both higher than those in middle tidal zone, but the correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between them. Based on our results, we concluded that: well-adapted coralline algae species may have reduced the species diversity of other macroalgae in these systems via interspecific competition; meanwhile, the benthic invertebrates, perhaps because of their higher dispersal abilities and more diverse life histories relative to macroalgae, were not affected in terms of species or functional diversity by coralline algae.

Key words: macroalgae, benthic invertebrates, species diversity, functional diversity

汤雁滨, 廖一波, 寿鹿, 曾江宁, 高爱根, 陈全震, 孙庆海 (2014) 珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 640-648. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13240.

Yanbin Tang, Yibo Liao, Lu Shou, Jiangning Zeng, Aigen Gao, Quanzhen Chen, Qinghai Sun (2014) Influence of coralline algae on biodiversity of macrobenthic community in intertidal zone of Nanji Islands. Biodiversity Science, 22, 640-648. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13240.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13240

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I5/640

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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功能特征 Functional trait	划分方式 Units
食性 Diet habit	肉食性、植食性、杂食性 Carnivorous, herbivory, omnivory
摄食方式 Feeding type	滤食、啮食、吞食 Filter feeder, grazer, swallow feeder
群居性 Gregariousness	以指数1-3分别代表独居、偶尔构成群体和总是构成群体 Indices from 1-3, representing singleton, paired to sometimes forming small schools, always schools, respectively
迁移能力 Migration capability	以指数1-3分别代表迁移能力的弱、中、强 Indices from 1-3, representing migration capability characterised by low, medium, high, respectively

功能特征 Functional trait	划分方式 Units
食性 Diet habit	肉食性、植食性、杂食性 Carnivorous, herbivory, omnivory
摄食方式 Feeding type	滤食、啮食、吞食 Filter feeder, grazer, swallow feeder
群居性 Gregariousness	以指数1-3分别代表独居、偶尔构成群体和总是构成群体 Indices from 1-3, representing singleton, paired to sometimes forming small schools, always schools, respectively
迁移能力 Migration capability	以指数1-3分别代表迁移能力的弱、中、强 Indices from 1-3, representing migration capability characterised by low, medium, high, respectively

季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	珊瑚藻类优势度 Dominance
春季 Spring	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.259
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.346
夏季 Summer	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.585
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.644
秋季 Autumn	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.597
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.588
冬季 Winter	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.364
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.975

季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	珊瑚藻类优势度 Dominance
春季 Spring	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.259
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.346
夏季 Summer	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.585
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.644
秋季 Autumn	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.597
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.588
冬季 Winter	高潮区 High tidal zone	-
	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.364
	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.975

季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index		物种均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index
季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	所有大型藻类 All macroalgae	非珊瑚藻大型藻类 Non-Corallinaceae macroalgae	所有大型藻类 All macroalgae	非珊瑚藻大型藻类 Non-Corallinaceae macroalgae
春季 Spring	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	3.793	3.601	0.971	0.973
春季 Spring	低潮区 Low tidal zone	4.044	3.809	0.952	0.952
夏季 Summer	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	3.147	2.422	0.910	0.863
夏季 Summer	低潮区 Low tidal zone	2.987	2.489	0.942	0.963
秋季 Autumn	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	3.251	3.151	0.879	0.949
秋季 Autumn	低潮区 Low tidal zone	2.590	1.925	0.863	0.830
冬季 Winter	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	3.335	3.216	0.930	0.930
冬季 Winter	低潮区 Low tidal zone	1.638	1.495	0.819	0.944

珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响

Influence of coralline algae on biodiversity of macrobenthic community in intertidal zone of Nanji Islands

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季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	物种均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index
春季 Spring	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	5.931	0.978
春季 Spring	低潮区 Low tidal zone	6.917	0.988
夏季 Summer	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	6.212	0.967
夏季 Summer	低潮区 Low tidal zone	6.738	0.988
秋季 Autumn	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	6.336	0.981
秋季 Autumn	低潮区 Low tidal zone	6.050	0.977
冬季 Winter	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	5.882	0.973
冬季 Winter	低潮区 Low tidal zone	5.289	0.987

编号 No.	种 Species	食性 Diet habit	摄食方式 Feeding type	群居性 Gregariousness	迁移能力 Migration capability
1	异须沙蚕 Nereis heterocirrata	杂食性 Omnivory	吞食 Swallow feeder	1	3
2	马旋鳃虫 Spirobranchus maldivensis	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	3
3	红条毛肤石鳖 Acanthochiton rubrolineatus	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	2	2
4	嫁虫戚 Cellana toreuma	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	2	2
5	肋虫昌螺 Umbonium costatum	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	3	2
6	短滨螺 Littorina balteata	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	2	2
7	小结节滨螺 Nodilittorina exigua	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	2	2
8	疣荔枝螺 Thais clavigera	肉食性 Carnivorous	啮食 Grazer	2	3
9	覆瓦小蛇螺 Serpulorbis imbricata	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	1	1
10	栗色拉沙蛤 Lasaea nipponica	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
11	短石蛏 Lithophaga curta	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	2	1
12	带偏顶蛤 Modiolus comptus	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
13	条纹隔贻贝 Septifer virgatus	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
14	中华小藤壶 Chthamalus sinensis	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
15	白条地藤壶 Euraphia withersi	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
16	鳞笠藤壶 Tetraclita squamosa squamosa	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
17	日本笠藤壶 Tetraclita japonica	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
18	纹藤壶 Amphibalanus amphitrite	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
19	白脊藤壶 Fistulobalanus albicostatus	杂食性 Omnivory	滤食 Filter feeder	3	1
20	钩虾亚目未定种 Gammaridea	杂食性 Omnivory	啮食 Grazer	3	3
21	藻钩虾属未定种 Amphithoe sp.	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	3	3
22	腔齿海底水虱 Dynoides dentisinus	植食性 Herbivory	啮食 Grazer	2	3
23	光辉圆扇蟹 Sphaerozius nitidus	肉食性 Carnivorous	啮食 Grazer	1	3

季节 Season	潮区 Tidal zone	功能多样性指数 Rao's Q
春季 Spring	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.139
春季 Spring	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.345
夏季 Summer	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.059
夏季 Summer	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.135
秋季 Autumn	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.175
秋季 Autumn	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.239
冬季 Winter	中潮区 Middle tidal zone	0.176
冬季 Winter	低潮区 Low tidal zone	0.313

编号 No.	物种 Species	优势度 Dominance
		高潮带 High tidal zone				中潮带 Middle tidal zone				低潮带 Low tidal zone
		春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter
红藻门 Rhodophyta
1	坛紫菜 Porphyra haitanensis	0.500			0.464	0.001			0.010
2	小石花菜 Gelidium divaricatum		0.266	0.249	0.029	0.004			0.062
3	匍匐石花菜 Gelidium pusillum					0.005
4	密集石花菜 Gelidium yamadae
5	海萝 Gloiopeltis furcata
6	蜈蚣藻 Grateloupia filicina						0.004
7	舌状蜈蚣藻 Grateloupia livida						0.001
8	长枝蜈蚣藻 Grateloupia prolongata
9	贴生美叶藻 Callophyllis adnata									0.001
10	珊瑚藻 Corallina officinalis					0.083	0.502	0.424	0.188	0.239	0.578	0.026	0.633
11	小珊瑚藻 Corallina pilulifera						0.010
12	叉节藻 Amphiroa ephedraea
13	宽角叉珊藻 Jania adhaerens						0.019			0.001	0.011	0.090
14	粗珊藻 Calliarthron yessoense					0.176	0.054	0.173	0.176	0.106	0.055	0.472	0.342
15	中间软刺藻 Chondracanthus intermedius					0.012			0.039	0.002	0.004
16	角叉菜 Chondrus ocellatus
17	裸干沙菜 Hypnea chordacea
18	密毛沙菜 Hypnea boergesenii
19	环节藻 Champia parvula							0.001
20	节荚藻 Lomentaria hakodatensis
21	凝菜 Campylaephora crassa
22	日本仙菜 Ceramium japonicum
23	波登仙菜 Ceramium boydenii
24	顶群藻 Acrosorium yendoi
25	橡叶藻 Phycodrys radicosa
26	粗枝软骨藻 Chondria crassicaulis
27	细枝软骨藻 Chondria tenuissima
28	羽枝凹顶藻 Laurencia pinnata					0.031				0.013
29	多管藻 Polysiphonia senticulosa
30	小鸭毛藻 Symphyocladia pumila
褐藻门 Phaeophyta
31	水云 Ectocarpus arctus				0.015
32	印度褐茸藻 Hincksia indica									0.004
33	宽叶网翼藻 Dictyopteris latiuscula									0.037	0.001
34	网地藻 Dictyota dichotoma									0.012
35	厚缘藻 Dilophus okamurae					0.002				0.006
36	厚网藻 Pachydictyon coriaceum
37	铁钉菜 Ishige okamurae						0.001		0.041		0.025
38	囊藻 Colpomenia sinuosa									0.001
39	鹅肠菜 Petalonia binghamiae					0.021				0.002
40	萱藻 Scytosiphon lomentaria
41	无节萱藻 Scytosiphon dotyi					0.005				0.009
42	昆布 Ecklonia kurome							0.001
43	羊栖菜 Hizikia fusiforme					0.003			0.083
44	瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum								0.001
45	鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergii					0.272	0.137	0.060	0.247	0.152	0.113	0.042	0.007
绿藻门 Chlorophyta
46	盘苔 Blidingia minima
47	浒苔 Enteromorpha prolifera				0.001
48	石莼 Ulva lactuca					0.002				0.004
49	蛎菜 Ulva conglobata				0.006	0.010			0.004
50	硬毛藻 Chaetomorpha antennina
51	细丝刚毛藻 Cladophora sericea									0.006
52	羽状羽藻 Bryopsis pennata

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