生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 421-432.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.12052

所属专题: 微生物多样性专辑

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湖泊水体细菌多样性及其生态功能研究进展

任丽娟1,2, 何聃1,2, 邢鹏1, 王毓菁1,2, 吴庆龙1,*()   

  1. 1 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008
    2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2013-02-27 接受日期:2013-05-20 出版日期:2013-07-20 发布日期:2013-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 吴庆龙
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31225004, U1202231, 31000241);中国科学院国际合作伙伴计划(KZZD-EW-TZ-08)

Bacterial diversity and ecological function in lake water bodies

Lijuan Ren1,2, Dan He1,2, Peng Xing1, Yujing Wang1,2, Qinglong Wu1,*()   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • Received:2013-02-27 Accepted:2013-05-20 Online:2013-07-20 Published:2013-07-29
  • Contact: Wu Qinglong

摘要:

维护湖泊生态系统健康发展是一个全球关注的热点问题。细菌不仅是湖泊系统食物网的重要组成部分, 同时在控制和调节湖泊水质方面发挥着重要作用。本文对于细菌多样性的相关概念和评价方法、细菌群落在湖泊水体中的分布特征、形成机制及其生态功能等方面进行了综合论述和分析。目前, 在湖泊水体中共发现21个典型的淡水细菌门类, 其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)是最主要的5个门类。Beijerinck和Baas-Becking的观点及Meta-群落假说, 均表明湖泊水体细菌群落多样性和物种分布特征是“随机分布”和“环境决定”两种过程共同作用的结果。对湖泊细菌功能的研究, 主要集中于细菌参与下的湖泊水体生产力和元素的生物地球化学循环过程。尽管经过十几年的不懈努力, 人们对湖泊细菌群落多样性和功能的认识还十分有限, 湖泊细菌生态学仍是一门年轻的科学, 限制着人们对湖泊微生物群落的进一步认识。未来研究者们需要在以下4个方面重点开展工作: (1)综合细菌表型、基因型、系统发育史及生态特征的一致性来界定细菌“种”的概念; (2)在区域尺度上研究细菌在不同斑块间的扩散作用; (3)在微观尺度上研究细菌群落多样性及功能特征; (4)提出或验证湖泊细菌群落多样性的生态理论及假说, 完善微生物生态学相关理论框架。

关键词: 细菌群落, 湖泊, 多样性, 功能

Abstract

The healthy development of lake ecosystems is a global issue. Bacteria are not only an integral component of food webs, but also play a key role in controlling and regulating water quality in lake ecosystems. Hence, in order to provide some suggestions for maintaining the long-term and healthy development of lake ecosystems, this review discusses and analyses concepts and assessment of bacterial diversity, the distribution of bacteria communities, mechanisms of formation, and the ecological functions of such communities in lake water bodies. In total, there are 21 freshwater bacterial phyla typically found in lake waters at present. Among them, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia are the most important. The Beijerinck and Baas-Becking perspective and the meta- community hypothesis suggest that bacterial community diversity and species distributions in lake water bodies are caused by the combined action of stochastic and determinate processes. Research on the function of lake bacteria has mainly focused on processes that bacteria are involved in, for example water quality and elemental biogeochemical cycles. Despite efforts over the past 10 years, knowledge on lake bacterial community diversity and function is still very limited. Lake bacterial ecology is still a young science, which restricts people further understanding of microbial communities in lake bodies. Future research is required on: (1) integrating bacterial phenotype, genotype, phylogeny and ecological features to define the concept of bacterial “species”; (2) the dispersal of bacteria between different locations at a regional scale; (3) bacterial community diversity and functional characteristics at the micro scale; (4) ecological theories and hypotheses of bacterial community diversity in lake ecosystems to improve the theoretical framework of microbial ecology.

Key words: bacterial community, lake, diversity, function