常绿阔叶林不同砍伐处理下土壤动物的群落特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08299

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 160-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08299

常绿阔叶林不同砍伐处理下土壤动物的群落特征

陈小鸟¹^,², 由文辉¹^,², 王向阳¹^,², 易兰¹^,²^,^*()

1 华东师范大学环境科学系, 上海 200062
2 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江宁波 315114

收稿日期:2008-11-19 接受日期:2009-03-05 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
通讯作者: 易兰
作者简介:* E-mail: lyi@des.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(51X1412E)

Community traits of soil animal under different ground cover treatments in evergreen broad-leaved forest

Xiaoniao Chen¹^,², Wenhui You¹^,², Xiangyang Wang¹^,², Lan Yi¹^,²^,^*()

1 Department of Environment Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
2 Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, Chinese National Ecosystem Observation and Research Network, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315114

Received:2008-11-19 Accepted:2009-03-05 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
Contact: Lan Yi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解不同砍伐处理对常绿阔叶林中土壤动物群落结构的影响, 于2007年7月至2008年4月在浙江天童地区常绿阔叶林中对5个砍伐4年后的恢复样地进行四季采样。样地处理分别是: (I) 去除大树保留萌枝、(II) 去除地表植物保留枯枝落叶层、(III) 去除地表植物和10 cm表土、(IV) 清除下木层保留大树及(V)对照。结果显示: I号样地土壤动物个体数量最多, 除I号样地与III号样地差异显著外(P<0.05), 其他样地间不存在显著差异; 各样地表层土壤动物数量均与5-10 cm、10-15 cm层有显著差异(P<0.05); II号样地类群丰富度最高; I号样地DG指数最高, III号样地最低; 弹尾目、啮目、伪蝎目和半翅目与群落总体特征(DG指数)的相关性都达到了极显著水平(P<0.001)。结果表明砍伐在一定程度上改变了土壤动物的类群组成, 砍伐强度越大, 土壤动物受影响越大。

关键词: 干扰, 土壤动物, 常绿阔叶林, 天童

Abstract

To understand the effects of ground cover removal on soil animal communities, we investigated the soil fauna community in an evergreen broad-leaved forest logged four years ago at Tiantong, Zhejiang Province between July, 2007 and April, 2008. We used the five following treatments in five sites: (I) big trees with height>8 m and DBH>5 cm were removed but sprouts retained; (II) ground surface vegetation was removed but litter retained; (III) all vegetation and 0-10 cm topsoil were removed; (IV) undergrowth was removed but big trees retained; and (V) a control plot without any disturbance. Soil animal density only differed between site I and site III (P<0.05). The highest density was found at site I. Species richness of soil animals in the 0-5 cm layer was significantly higher than in the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm layer (P<0.05). Site II was higher than the other four sites in terms of group richness. Based on the density-group index, diversity was highest at site I and lowest at site III. The density of Collembola, Psocoptera, Pseudoscorpiones and Hemiptera were correlated with changes in the density-group index (P<0.001). Our results indicate ground cover characteristics impact the composition of soil communities; the more intense the disturbance, the greater the influence on soil animals.

Key words: disturbance, soil animal, evergreen broad-leaved forest, Tiantong

陈小鸟, 由文辉, 王向阳, 易兰 (2009) 常绿阔叶林不同砍伐处理下土壤动物的群落特征. 生物多样性, 17, 160-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08299.

Xiaoniao Chen, Wenhui You, Xiangyang Wang, Lan Yi (2009) Community traits of soil animal under different ground cover treatments in evergreen broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 17, 160-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08299.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08299

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/160

图/表 5

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类群 Group	Ⅰ		Ⅱ			Ⅲ			Ⅳ			Ⅴ			平均密度 Average density	百分比 (%)
类群 Group	密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)	平均密度 Average density	百分比 (%)
线虫纲 Nematoda	77,967.24 ± 235.09	77.71	56,868.46 ± 206.76		78.57	57,605.31 ± 214.82		83.40	51,988.87 ± 119.25		74.82	52,561.98 ± 125.44		74.72	59,398.37	77.82
蜱螨目 Acarina	9,752.75 ± 16.18	9.72	5,858.54 ± 6.59		8.09	3,967.49 ± 10.99		5.74	8,724.07 ± 20.70		12.6	8,595.14 ± 19.03		12.2	7,379.60	9.67
弹尾目 Collembola	5,892.55 ± 11.66	5.87	4,229.42 ± 8.44		5.84	2,615.88 ± 8.56		3.79	4,019.31 ± 11.80		5.78	3,802.15 ± 7.33		5.41	4,111.86	5.39
线蚓科 Enchytraeidae	2,305.76 ± 6.67	2.30	1,533.43 ± 5.95		2.12	2,555.12 ± 11.19		3.70	1,720.52 ± 4.52		2.48	1,979.08 ± 5.84		2.81	2,018.78	2.65
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae	2,180.47 ± 6.00	2.17	1,503.38 ± 1.79		2.08	1,356.35 ± 1.30		1.96	1,214.04 ± 3.61		1.75	1,845.94 ± 1.76		2.62	1,620.04	2.12
轮虫纲 Rotatoria	540.36 ± 1.70	0.54	704.10 ± 4.24		0.97	196.49 ± 1.13		0.28	589.48 ± 2.32		0.85	638.60 ± 2.96		0.91	533.81	0.70
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	482.43 ± 1.24	0.48	317.61 ± 1.52		0.44	395.42 ± 3.45		0.57	474.65 ± 1.35		0.68	292.14 ± 1.18		0.42	392.45	0.51
等翅目 Isoptera	268.10 ± 1.45	0.27	618.95 ± 2.93		0.86	51.64 ± 0.13		0.07	50.93 ± 0.40		0.07	87.82 ± 0.66		0.12	215.49	0.28
原尾目 Protura	310.04 ± 1.84	0.31	245.56 ± 0.73		0.34	103.27 ± 0.42		0.15	148.55 ± 0.86		0.21	135.92 ± 0.60		0.19	188.67	0.25
啮目 Psocoptera	110.35 ± 0.63	0.11	138.65 ± 0.82		0.19	74.98 ± 0.45		0.11	70.73 ± 0.40		0.10	62.25 ± 0.39		0.09	91.39	0.12
综合纲 Symphyla	87.01 ± 0.65	0.09	61.54 ± 0.51		0.09	27.69 ± 0.26		0.04	121.67 ± 0.76		0.18	56.59 ± 0.08		0.08	70.90	0.09
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae	74.27 ± 0.15	0.07	43.15 ± 0.15		0.06	16.98 ± 0.08		0.02	48.81 ± 0.03		0.07	31.12 ± 0.08		0.04	42.87	0.06
四蠋蛅目 Tetramerocerata	45.98 ± 0.17	0.05	18.39 ± 0.11		0.03	8.49 ± 0.08		0.01	41.03 ± 0.24		0.06	53.76 ± 0.23		0.08	33.53	0.04
等足目 Isopoda	42.44 ± 0.25	0.04	58.71 ± 0.38		0.08	19.81 ± 0.08		0.03	24.05 ± 0.14		0.03	5.66 ± 0.03		0.01	30.13	0.04
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	37.49 ± 0.12	0.04	45.27 ± 0.19		0.06	14.15 ± 0.05		0.02	16.27 ± 0.11		0.02	21.22 ± 0.13		0.03	26.88	0.04
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	39.61 ± 0.17	0.04	29.00 ± 0.18		0.04	14.85 ± 0.09		0.02	33.95 ± 0.03		0.05	14.85 ± 0.09		0.02	26.46	0.03
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae	56.80 ± 0.46	0.06	17.68 ± 0.10		0.02	9.90 ± 0.04		0.01	16.27 ± 0.09		0.02	19.81 ± 0.11		0.03	24.09	0.03
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones	54.47 ± 0.10	0.05	16.27 ± 0.15		0.02	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	32.54 ± 0.29		0.05	11.31 ± 0.08		0.02	23.06	0.03
涡虫纲 Turbellaria	–	–	16.37 ± 0.16		0.02	–		–	65.50 ± 0.66		0.09	16.37 ± 0.16		0.02	19.65	0.03
同翅目 Homoptera	28.30 ± 0.25	0.03	26.17 ± 0.17		0.04	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	9.20 ± 0.09		0.01	27.59 ± 0.16		0.04	18.67	0.02
蜘蛛目 Araneae	10.61 ± 0.05	0.01	6.37 ± 0.03		0.01	3.54 ± 0.02		0.01	36.78 ± 0.22		0.05	29.00 ± 0.15		0.04	17.26	0.02
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	4.95 ± 0.02	0.00	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	11.32 ± 0.08		0.02	21.22 ± 0.11		0.03	7.78	0.01
双尾目 Diplura	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	–		–	17.68 ± 0.17		0.03	11.32 ± 0.10		0.02	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	6.08	0.01
盲蛛目 Opiliones	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	–		–	–		–	–		–	26.17 ± 0.25		0.04	5.38	0.01
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	9.20 ± 0.08	0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	9.90 ± 0.09		0.01	3.54 ± 0.03		0.01	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	4.95	0.01
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera	9.90 ± 0.08	0.01	2.12 ± 0.02		0.00	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	4.95 ± 0.03		0.01	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	4.24	0.01
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorhpa	8.49 ± 0.09	0.01	9.90 ± 0.08		0.01	–		–	–		–	–		–	3.68	0.00
倍足纲 Diplopoda	8.49 ± 0.08	0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	2.12	0.00
半翅目 Hemiptera	2.83 ± 0.01	0.00	2.83 ± 0.02		0.00	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	2.12 ± 0.02		0.00	–		–	1.70	0.00
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaeta opisthopora	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	1,41 ± 0.001		0.00	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	4.24 ± 0.03		0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	1.70	0.00
裂盾目 Schizomida	–	–	8.49 ± 0.08		0.01	–		–	–		–	–		–	1.70	0.00
直翅目 Orthoptera 中腹足目 Mesogastropoda	–	–	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	0.711 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.42	0.00
直翅目 Orthoptera 中腹足目 Mesogastropoda	–	–	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.28	0.00
类群数 Number of groups	29		29			27			29			28			33

类群 Group	Ⅰ		Ⅱ			Ⅲ			Ⅳ			Ⅴ			平均密度 Average density	百分比 (%)
类群 Group	密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)		密度 Density	百分比 (%)	平均密度 Average density	百分比 (%)
线虫纲 Nematoda	77,967.24 ± 235.09	77.71	56,868.46 ± 206.76		78.57	57,605.31 ± 214.82		83.40	51,988.87 ± 119.25		74.82	52,561.98 ± 125.44		74.72	59,398.37	77.82
蜱螨目 Acarina	9,752.75 ± 16.18	9.72	5,858.54 ± 6.59		8.09	3,967.49 ± 10.99		5.74	8,724.07 ± 20.70		12.6	8,595.14 ± 19.03		12.2	7,379.60	9.67
弹尾目 Collembola	5,892.55 ± 11.66	5.87	4,229.42 ± 8.44		5.84	2,615.88 ± 8.56		3.79	4,019.31 ± 11.80		5.78	3,802.15 ± 7.33		5.41	4,111.86	5.39
线蚓科 Enchytraeidae	2,305.76 ± 6.67	2.30	1,533.43 ± 5.95		2.12	2,555.12 ± 11.19		3.70	1,720.52 ± 4.52		2.48	1,979.08 ± 5.84		2.81	2,018.78	2.65
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae	2,180.47 ± 6.00	2.17	1,503.38 ± 1.79		2.08	1,356.35 ± 1.30		1.96	1,214.04 ± 3.61		1.75	1,845.94 ± 1.76		2.62	1,620.04	2.12
轮虫纲 Rotatoria	540.36 ± 1.70	0.54	704.10 ± 4.24		0.97	196.49 ± 1.13		0.28	589.48 ± 2.32		0.85	638.60 ± 2.96		0.91	533.81	0.70
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	482.43 ± 1.24	0.48	317.61 ± 1.52		0.44	395.42 ± 3.45		0.57	474.65 ± 1.35		0.68	292.14 ± 1.18		0.42	392.45	0.51
等翅目 Isoptera	268.10 ± 1.45	0.27	618.95 ± 2.93		0.86	51.64 ± 0.13		0.07	50.93 ± 0.40		0.07	87.82 ± 0.66		0.12	215.49	0.28
原尾目 Protura	310.04 ± 1.84	0.31	245.56 ± 0.73		0.34	103.27 ± 0.42		0.15	148.55 ± 0.86		0.21	135.92 ± 0.60		0.19	188.67	0.25
啮目 Psocoptera	110.35 ± 0.63	0.11	138.65 ± 0.82		0.19	74.98 ± 0.45		0.11	70.73 ± 0.40		0.10	62.25 ± 0.39		0.09	91.39	0.12
综合纲 Symphyla	87.01 ± 0.65	0.09	61.54 ± 0.51		0.09	27.69 ± 0.26		0.04	121.67 ± 0.76		0.18	56.59 ± 0.08		0.08	70.90	0.09
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae	74.27 ± 0.15	0.07	43.15 ± 0.15		0.06	16.98 ± 0.08		0.02	48.81 ± 0.03		0.07	31.12 ± 0.08		0.04	42.87	0.06
四蠋蛅目 Tetramerocerata	45.98 ± 0.17	0.05	18.39 ± 0.11		0.03	8.49 ± 0.08		0.01	41.03 ± 0.24		0.06	53.76 ± 0.23		0.08	33.53	0.04
等足目 Isopoda	42.44 ± 0.25	0.04	58.71 ± 0.38		0.08	19.81 ± 0.08		0.03	24.05 ± 0.14		0.03	5.66 ± 0.03		0.01	30.13	0.04
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	37.49 ± 0.12	0.04	45.27 ± 0.19		0.06	14.15 ± 0.05		0.02	16.27 ± 0.11		0.02	21.22 ± 0.13		0.03	26.88	0.04
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	39.61 ± 0.17	0.04	29.00 ± 0.18		0.04	14.85 ± 0.09		0.02	33.95 ± 0.03		0.05	14.85 ± 0.09		0.02	26.46	0.03
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae	56.80 ± 0.46	0.06	17.68 ± 0.10		0.02	9.90 ± 0.04		0.01	16.27 ± 0.09		0.02	19.81 ± 0.11		0.03	24.09	0.03
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones	54.47 ± 0.10	0.05	16.27 ± 0.15		0.02	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	32.54 ± 0.29		0.05	11.31 ± 0.08		0.02	23.06	0.03
涡虫纲 Turbellaria	–	–	16.37 ± 0.16		0.02	–		–	65.50 ± 0.66		0.09	16.37 ± 0.16		0.02	19.65	0.03
同翅目 Homoptera	28.30 ± 0.25	0.03	26.17 ± 0.17		0.04	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	9.20 ± 0.09		0.01	27.59 ± 0.16		0.04	18.67	0.02
蜘蛛目 Araneae	10.61 ± 0.05	0.01	6.37 ± 0.03		0.01	3.54 ± 0.02		0.01	36.78 ± 0.22		0.05	29.00 ± 0.15		0.04	17.26	0.02
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	4.95 ± 0.02	0.00	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	11.32 ± 0.08		0.02	21.22 ± 0.11		0.03	7.78	0.01
双尾目 Diplura	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	–		–	17.68 ± 0.17		0.03	11.32 ± 0.10		0.02	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	6.08	0.01
盲蛛目 Opiliones	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	–		–	–		–	–		–	26.17 ± 0.25		0.04	5.38	0.01
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	9.20 ± 0.08	0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	9.90 ± 0.09		0.01	3.54 ± 0.03		0.01	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	4.95	0.01
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera	9.90 ± 0.08	0.01	2.12 ± 0.02		0.00	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	4.95 ± 0.03		0.01	2.12 ± 0.01		0.00	4.24	0.01
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorhpa	8.49 ± 0.09	0.01	9.90 ± 0.08		0.01	–		–	–		–	–		–	3.68	0.00
倍足纲 Diplopoda	8.49 ± 0.08	0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	2.12	0.00
半翅目 Hemiptera	2.83 ± 0.01	0.00	2.83 ± 0.02		0.00	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	2.12 ± 0.02		0.00	–		–	1.70	0.00
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaeta opisthopora	0.71 ± 0.01	0.00	1,41 ± 0.001		0.00	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	4.24 ± 0.03		0.01	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	1.70	0.00
裂盾目 Schizomida	–	–	8.49 ± 0.08		0.01	–		–	–		–	–		–	1.70	0.00
直翅目 Orthoptera 中腹足目 Mesogastropoda	–	–	–		–	1.41 ± 0.01		0.00	0.711 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.42	0.00
直翅目 Orthoptera 中腹足目 Mesogastropoda	–	–	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.71 ± 0.01		0.00	–		–	0.28	0.00
类群数 Number of groups	29		29			27			29			28			33

样地Sites	Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H')	密度—类群指数 Density-Group index (DG)	均匀度指数Pielou evenness index (Js)	优势度指数Simpson dominant index (C)	丰富度指数Margalef abundance index (D)	类群总数 Total number of groups	数量 Percentage (%)
Ⅰ	0.849	18.826	0.266	0.382	2.924	29	26.29
Ⅱ	0.901	14.303	0.268	0.372	3.075	29	18.98
Ⅲ	0.726	8.410	0.220	0.398	2.980	27	18.10
Ⅳ	0.956	15.224	0.284	0.420	3.043	29	18.20
Ⅴ	0.958	11.635	0.288	0.422	2.921	28	18.43

样地Sites	Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H')	密度—类群指数 Density-Group index (DG)	均匀度指数Pielou evenness index (Js)	优势度指数Simpson dominant index (C)	丰富度指数Margalef abundance index (D)	类群总数 Total number of groups	数量 Percentage (%)
Ⅰ	0.849	18.826	0.266	0.382	2.924	29	26.29
Ⅱ	0.901	14.303	0.268	0.372	3.075	29	18.98
Ⅲ	0.726	8.410	0.220	0.398	2.980	27	18.10
Ⅳ	0.956	15.224	0.284	0.420	3.043	29	18.20
Ⅴ	0.958	11.635	0.288	0.422	2.921	28	18.43

样地 Sites	凋落物层 Litter layer				0-15 cm土层 Soil of 0-15 cm depth
样地 Sites	pH	有机质 OC (mg/g)	总氮 TN (mg/g)	总磷 TP (mg/g)		pH	有机质 OC (mg/g)	总氮 TN (mg/g)	总磷 TP (mg/g)
Ⅰ	4.23 ± 0.07^b	45.95 ± 2.77^b	15.56 ± 0.75^a	0.38 ± 0.02^a	3.87 ± 0.02^b		4.38 ± 0.28^a	2.50 ± 0.59^a	0.15 ± 0.03^a
Ⅱ	4.48 ± 0.05^a	44.47 ± 3.20^b	16.22 ± 0.93^a	0.34 ± 0.02^ab	3.85 ± 0.02^b		3.98 ± 0.21^ab	2.20 ± 0.10^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a
Ⅲ	4.16 ± 0.05^b	48.81 ± 3.86^ab	15.55 ± 1.11^a	0.29 ± 0.02^b	3.98 ± 0.03^a		2.98 ± 0.13^c	1.68 ± 0.08^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a
Ⅳ	4.27 ± 0.05^b	57.23 ± 2.37^a	16.70 ± 0.88^a	0.35 ± 0.02^ab	3.87 ± 0.02^b		3.70 ± 0.23^ab	1.99 ± 0.11^a	0.11 ± 0.01^a
Ⅴ	4.18 ± 0.04^b	56.47 ± 2.47^a	14.95 ± 0.68^a	0.35 ± 0.01^ab	3.77 ± 0.02^c		3.63 ± 0.29b^c	1.86 ± 0.12^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a

常绿阔叶林不同砍伐处理下土壤动物的群落特征

Community traits of soil animal under different ground cover treatments in evergreen broad-leaved forest

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动物类群 Groups	凋落物层 Litter layer				0-15 cm土层 Soil of 0-15 cm depth
动物类群 Groups	pH	有机质 OC	总氮 TN	总磷 TP		pH	有机质 OC	总氮 TN	总磷 TP
线虫纲 Nematoda					+		+	+	n
蜱螨目Acarina	+	n	+	n	n		+	+	+
弹尾目Collembola	+	n	n	n	n		+	+	n
总密度	+	n	+	n	+		+	+	n

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