澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落分布格局及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2024117

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 24117. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024117 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024117

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落分布格局及其影响因素

马骅¹(), 李常青¹, 余品锋¹, 陈杰¹, 贺天耀¹, 王可洪¹^,²^,^*()()

1.重庆三峡学院三峡库区水环境演变与污染防治重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 404100
2.重庆三峡学院三峡库区环境生态重庆市野外科学观测站, 重庆 404100

收稿日期:2024-03-26 接受日期:2024-05-16 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-07-02
通讯作者: *E-mail: wang018837@hotmail.com
基金资助:
重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0439);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划资助项目(KJQN202101241);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划资助项目(KJQN202301239)

Distribution patterns and impact factors of soil macrofauna communities in the riparian zone of the Pengxi River

Hua Ma¹(), Changqing Li¹, Pinfeng Yu¹, Jie Chen¹, Tianyao He¹, Kehong Wang¹^,²^,^*()()

1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
2. Chongqing Observation and Research Station of Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China

Received:2024-03-26 Accepted:2024-05-16 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-07-02
Contact: *E-mail: wang018837@hotmail.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0439);Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(KJQN202101241);Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(KJQN202301239)

1. 附录.pdf(582KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

消落带是水体与陆地之间的过渡区域, 生态过程独特, 生物多样性较高, 对环境变化非常敏感。土壤动物是消落带生态系统的重要组成部分, 发挥着重要的生态功能。研究消落带土壤动物多样性对充分评估大型水利水电工程对生态环境的影响至关重要。本文通过对澎溪河消落带8个地点和4个高程大型土壤动物群落及其环境要素的野外调查, 结合冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)探讨其关键影响因素, 运用扩散生态位连续体指数(dispersal-niche continuum indexes, DNCI)探讨扩散过程和生态位分化在土壤动物群落多样性维持中的相对重要性。结果表明, 澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物共有16目77科57,072只, 以马陆、鼠妇等腐食性类群和蜘蛛、步甲等捕食性类群为主。土壤动物多度和丰度沿河流流向和高程都呈现出先增加后降低的趋势, 多样性指数和优势度指数趋势相反。捕食者相对多度随高程增加而降低, 腐食者变化趋势与此相反。消落带大型土壤动物群落在垂向尺度上表现出明显的空间分布格局, 采样地点对群落结构和功能组成无显著影响。水文情势和土壤理化性质的总解释量分别为31.53%和14.36%, 共同效应分别为15.43%和14.05%, 单独效应分别为16.10%和0.31%。消落带生境(150-170 m)中物种扩散过程的重要性显著高于生态位分化, 陆地生境(180 m)中二者无显著差异。水文情势是消落带土壤动物群落组成、结构及其空间格局的关键影响因素。消落带与陆地之间生物迁移扩散是消落带土壤动物群落多样性维持的主要途径。研究结果可为消落带生物多样性的保护和恢复提供重要的科学依据。

关键词: 大型土壤动物, 三峡水库消落带, 水位变化, 生物多样性

Abstract

Aims Riparian area, a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, has unique ecological processes and high diversity and is sensitive to environmental changes. Soil fauna is an important component and plays a crucial ecological role in riparian ecosystem. Exploring soil fauna diversity in riparian zone is essential for fully assessing the impacts of giant water conservancy and hydropower projects on the ecological environment.

Methods A field survey of riparian zone in the Pengxi River was conducted. Eight sites and four elevations were selected to explore the spatial distribution patterns of riparian soil macrofauna communities on longitudinal and vertical scales, respectively. Key impact factors were assessed using redundancy analysis (RDA) between macrofauna communities and environmental factors. The maintenance mechanism was studied via dispersal-niche continuum indexes (DNCI) analysis.

Results A total of 57,072 individuals belonging to 16 orders and 77 families were collected and dominated by detritivores and predators. Soil macrofauna community showed distinct spatial patterns along elevations. Abundance and richness of the soil macrofauna initially increased with the flow direction and elevation and then decreased, while the Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson dominance index showed opposite trends. The relative abundance of predators decreased with elevation, while detritivores showed an inverse trend. Hydrological factors and soil physical and chemical properties accounted for 31.53% and 14.36% of the total explained variance in the riparian soil macrofauna community. Their common effects were 15.43% and 14.05%, respectively; unique effects were 16.10% and 0.31%, respectively. The importance of dispersal process in riparian zone was significantly higher than niche differentiation. No significant differences between dispersal process and niche differentiation in terrestrial habitat (180 m) was observed.

Conclusion Hydrological regime is the key impacting factor for the community composition, structure and spatial distribution pattern of riparian soil fauna. Increasing habitat heterogeneity and inducing migration between terrestrial and riparian habitat are notable pathways to maintain the diversity of riparian soil fauna communities under water level fluctuations. The results can provide an essential scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of riparian biodiversity.

Key words: soil macrofauna, riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, water level fluctuation, biodiversity

马骅, 李常青, 余品锋, 陈杰, 贺天耀, 王可洪 (2024) 澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落分布格局及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 32, 24117. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024117.

Hua Ma, Changqing Li, Pinfeng Yu, Jie Chen, Tianyao He, Kehong Wang (2024) Distribution patterns and impact factors of soil macrofauna communities in the riparian zone of the Pengxi River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24117. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024117.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024117

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图/表 8

图1 澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落的PCoA排序图

Fig. 1 PCoA ordination plot of soil macrofauna community in the Pengxi River riparian zone

表1 样点和高程对消落带大型土壤动物群落结构影响的双因素嵌套方差分析结果

Table 1 Nested two-way ANOVA results of site and elevation on riparian soil macrofauna community structure

项目 Items	样点 Site	高程(样点) Elevation (Site)
丰度 Richness	1.059	3.867^***
多度 Abundance	1.662	1.814^*
多样性指数 Diversity index (H′)	1.051	2.326^**
优势度指数 Dominance index (C)	0.969	2.451^**
捕食者相对多度 Relative abundance of predator	0.807	3.925^***
杂食者相对多度 Relative abundance of omnivore	0.845	2.761^***
腐食者相对多度 Relative abundance of detritivore	0.357	9.377^***
植食者相对多度 Relative abundance of herbivore	1.109	2.997^***

图2 澎溪河消落带不同样点和高程土壤动物群落结构。不同小写字母表示不同分组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Soil fauna community structure of different sites and elevations in riparian zone of the Pengxi River. Different letters indicate significant differences among different groups (P < 0.05).

图3 澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落各功能类群的相对多度。不同小写字母表示不同分组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of functional groups of soil macrofauna in riparian zone of the Pengxi River. Different letters indicate significant differences among different groups (P < 0.05).

图4 澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落和环境因素的RDA排序图。Lyc: 狼蛛科; Car: 步甲科; Sta: 隐翅虫科; Por: 鼠妇科; Par: 奇马陆科; For: 蚁科。其余缩写表示环境因素, 详见表2。

Fig. 4 RDA ordination of soil macrofauna community and environmental factors in riparian zone of the Pengxi River. Lyc, Lycosidae; Car, Carabidae; Sta, Staphylinidae; Por, Porcellionidae; Par, Paradoxosomatidae; For, Formicidae. Other abbreviations infer the environmental factors in Table 2.

表2 环境因素对消落带大型土壤动物群落组成的解释能力

Table 2 Explanatory of environmental factors to riparian soil macrofauna community composition

因素 Factors	解释量 Explanatory (%)	Monte Carlo’s P
淹水时间 Flood time (FT)	6.96	0.001
淹水深度 Flood depth (FD)	4.57	0.001
淹水频率 Flood frequency (FF)	5.31	0.001
土壤含水率 Soil moisture (SM)	12.17	0.001
坡度 Slope (SL)	3.29	0.001
土地利用类型 Land use (LU)	1.67	0.048
土壤碳氮比 Soil C-N ratio (C/N)	2.52	0.007
溶解性总氮 Dissolved total nitrogen (DTN)	1.43	0.024
溶解性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)	1.36	0.095
pH	1.80	0.027
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (SOC)	0.54	0.549

表3 各环境因素组对消落带大型土壤动物群落组成的解释能力

Table 3 Explanatory of environmental factor groups to riparian soil macrofauna community composition

	水文情势 Hydrological regime	土壤理化性质 Soil properties	其他 Others
单独效应 Unique effects (%)	16.10	0.31	1.51
共同效应 Common effects (%)	15.43	14.05	4.26
总效应 Total effects (%)	31.53	14.36	5.77
P	0.001	0.001	0.007

图5 消落带大型土壤动物群落的组内(a)和组间(b)的扩散-生态位连续体指数(DNCI)

Fig. 5 Dispersal-niche continuum index (DNCI) for riparian soil macrofauna communities within group (a) and between group (b)

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澎溪河消落带大型土壤动物群落分布格局及其影响因素

Distribution patterns and impact factors of soil macrofauna communities in the riparian zone of the Pengxi River

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