生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179
所属专题: 野生动物的红外相机监测
吴洪潘1,2, 初红军1,2,3,,A;*(), 王渊3, 马建伟3, 葛炎2, 布兰2
收稿日期:
2014-08-27
接受日期:
2014-12-04
出版日期:
2014-11-20
发布日期:
2014-12-11
通讯作者:
初红军
基金资助:
Hongpan Wu1,2, Hongjun Chu1,2,3,*(), Yuan Wang3, Jianwei Ma3, Yan Ge2, Lan Bu2
Received:
2014-08-27
Accepted:
2014-12-04
Online:
2014-11-20
Published:
2014-12-11
Contact:
Chu Hongjun
摘要:
蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)主要分布在亚洲中部的荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原地区, 是我国I级重点保护野生动物。因其奔跑速度快、警惕性高、分布区域偏僻, 迄今为止对其活动节律仅有半散养条件下昼间的研究。我们于2013年4-11月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区选取13处水源地, 布设28台红外相机, 对其在荒漠水源地的全天候活动节律进行了调查。结果表明: (1)蒙古野驴在春、夏、秋季的有效照片数量分别为294张、1,990张、2,679张, 其活动频率为秋季>夏季>春季。(2)蒙古野驴昼间集群平均数量大于夜间。(3)蒙古野驴在水源地具有稳定的日活动节律, 时间分配上呈典型的“U”型, 其活动在0:00-1:00达到高峰, 7:00-9:00间快速下降, 12:00-13:00和16:00-17:00是一天中的两个低谷, 在21:00-22:00间快速上升。研究水源地周围蒙古野驴的活动节律可为卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区乃至新疆北部荒漠有蹄类的监测及有效保护管理提供依据, 并能对同域生存的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)的野化工作起借鉴作用。
吴洪潘, 初红军, 王渊, 马建伟, 葛炎, 布兰 (2014) 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律: 基于红外相机监测数据. 生物多样性, 22, 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179.
Hongpan Wu, Hongjun Chu, Yuan Wang, Jianwei Ma, Yan Ge, Lan Bu (2014) Monitoring activity rhythms of Equus hemionus at watering holes by camera traps in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang. Biodiversity Science, 22, 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179.
图1 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地(红外相机布设位置)示意图
Fig. 1 Watering holes (locations of setting infrared cameras) of Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China.
附图1 蒙古野驴在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地活动的照片
Fig. S1 Pictures of Equus hemionus captured by camera traps at watering holes in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-179-1.pdf
1:00 | 2:00 | 3:00 | 4:00 | 5:00 | 6:00 | 7:00 | 8:00 | 9:00 | 10:00 | 11:00 | 12:00 | 13:00 | 14:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 23:00 | 24:00 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4月 April | 41 | 28 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 17 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 22 | 21 |
5月 May | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6月 June | 73 | 49 | 41 | 47 | 35 | 45 | 39 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 15 | 26 | 38 | 60 | 67 |
7月 July | 29 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 37 | 41 | 22 | 21 | 24 | 24 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 9 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 14 | 19 | 8 | 20 | 27 | 38 | 40 |
8月 August | 71 | 67 | 63 | 61 | 38 | 60 | 42 | 25 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 36 | 51 | 60 |
9月 September | 117 | 86 | 92 | 106 | 87 | 83 | 73 | 58 | 36 | 21 | 19 | 26 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 11 | 19 | 18 | 30 | 80 | 74 |
10月 October | 103 | 120 | 99 | 77 | 97 | 85 | 72 | 79 | 50 | 27 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 22 | 30 | 47 | 63 | 70 | 90 |
11月 November | 25 | 32 | 21 | 31 | 17 | 19 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 24 | 21 | 27 |
总计 Account | 460 | 418 | 374 | 380 | 338 | 351 | 271 | 217 | 164 | 119 | 94 | 76 | 49 | 56 | 69 | 60 | 62 | 86 | 91 | 115 | 161 | 231 | 342 | 379 |
附表1 2013年4-11月不同时段拍摄的蒙古野驴有效照片数量
Table 1 Identification photos of Equus hemionus from April to November in 2013 at different time http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-179-2.pdf
1:00 | 2:00 | 3:00 | 4:00 | 5:00 | 6:00 | 7:00 | 8:00 | 9:00 | 10:00 | 11:00 | 12:00 | 13:00 | 14:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 23:00 | 24:00 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4月 April | 41 | 28 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 17 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 22 | 21 |
5月 May | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6月 June | 73 | 49 | 41 | 47 | 35 | 45 | 39 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 15 | 26 | 38 | 60 | 67 |
7月 July | 29 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 37 | 41 | 22 | 21 | 24 | 24 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 9 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 14 | 19 | 8 | 20 | 27 | 38 | 40 |
8月 August | 71 | 67 | 63 | 61 | 38 | 60 | 42 | 25 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 36 | 51 | 60 |
9月 September | 117 | 86 | 92 | 106 | 87 | 83 | 73 | 58 | 36 | 21 | 19 | 26 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 11 | 19 | 18 | 30 | 80 | 74 |
10月 October | 103 | 120 | 99 | 77 | 97 | 85 | 72 | 79 | 50 | 27 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 22 | 30 | 47 | 63 | 70 | 90 |
11月 November | 25 | 32 | 21 | 31 | 17 | 19 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 24 | 21 | 27 |
总计 Account | 460 | 418 | 374 | 380 | 338 | 351 | 271 | 217 | 164 | 119 | 94 | 76 | 49 | 56 | 69 | 60 | 62 | 86 | 91 | 115 | 161 | 231 | 342 | 379 |
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