卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律: 基于红外相机监测数据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2014.14179

所属专题：野生动物的红外相机监测

卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律: 基于红外相机监测数据

吴洪潘^1,², 初红军^1,^2,^3,,A;^*(), 王渊³, 马建伟³, 葛炎², 布兰²

1 .新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2 .新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站, 新疆阿勒泰 836500
3 .新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2014-08-27 接受日期:2014-12-04 出版日期:2014-11-20 发布日期:2014-12-11
通讯作者: 初红军
基金资助:
新疆自治区科技支撑项目(201233131)、卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金和科技基础性工作专项重大项目(2013FY110300)

Monitoring activity rhythms of Equus hemionus at watering holes by camera traps in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang

Hongpan Wu^1,², Hongjun Chu^1,^2,^3,^*(), Yuan Wang³, Jianwei Ma³, Yan Ge², Lan Bu²

1 College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
2 Altay Management Station, Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay, Xinjiang 836500
3 College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046

Received:2014-08-27 Accepted:2014-12-04 Online:2014-11-20 Published:2014-12-11
Contact: Chu Hongjun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)主要分布在亚洲中部的荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原地区, 是我国I级重点保护野生动物。因其奔跑速度快、警惕性高、分布区域偏僻, 迄今为止对其活动节律仅有半散养条件下昼间的研究。我们于2013年4-11月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区选取13处水源地, 布设28台红外相机, 对其在荒漠水源地的全天候活动节律进行了调查。结果表明: (1)蒙古野驴在春、夏、秋季的有效照片数量分别为294张、1,990张、2,679张, 其活动频率为秋季>夏季>春季。(2)蒙古野驴昼间集群平均数量大于夜间。(3)蒙古野驴在水源地具有稳定的日活动节律, 时间分配上呈典型的“U”型, 其活动在0:00-1:00达到高峰, 7:00-9:00间快速下降, 12:00-13:00和16:00-17:00是一天中的两个低谷, 在21:00-22:00间快速上升。研究水源地周围蒙古野驴的活动节律可为卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区乃至新疆北部荒漠有蹄类的监测及有效保护管理提供依据, 并能对同域生存的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)的野化工作起借鉴作用。

关键词: 蒙古野驴, 红外相机技术, 水源地, 活动节律

Abstract

Khulan (Equus hemionus) are a first class, nationally protected animal in China. From April to November 2013, 28 infrared cameras were set up at 13 watering holes to study the activity rhythms of this species in the Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. The results showed that activity frequency was greatest in autumn (2,679 identification photos), then summer (1,990), and lowest in spring (294). Average aggregation of E. hemionus to watering holes was greater in daylight hours than at nights. Daily activity at watering holes peaked between 0:00-1:00, declined rapidly between 7:00-9:00, was lowest between 12:00-13:00 and 16:00-17:00 and rose rapidly between 21:00-22:00. Studying the activity of Equus hemionus around watering holes will provide a basis for effective protection and management of desert ungulates in northern Xinjiang. Additionally, it provides a baseline for the sympatric reintroduction of Equus przewalskii.

Key words: Kuhlan (Equus hemionus), camera trapping, watering holes, activity rhythms

吴洪潘, 初红军, 王渊, 马建伟, 葛炎, 布兰 (2014) 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律: 基于红外相机监测数据. 生物多样性, 22, 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179.

Hongpan Wu, Hongjun Chu, Yuan Wang, Jianwei Ma, Yan Ge, Lan Bu (2014) Monitoring activity rhythms of Equus hemionus at watering holes by camera traps in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang. Biodiversity Science, 22, 752-757. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14179

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I6/752

图/表 5

图1 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地(红外相机布设位置)示意图

Fig. 1 Watering holes (locations of setting infrared cameras) of Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China.

图2 不同时段单张有效照片中蒙古野驴的平均数量

Fig. 2 Average number of Equus hemionus in single picture at different times

图3 不同时段蒙古野驴有效照片数量

Fig. 3 Identification pictures of Equus hemionus at different times by camera trapping

附图1 蒙古野驴在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地活动的照片

Fig. S1 Pictures of Equus hemionus captured by camera traps at watering holes in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-179-1.pdf

附表1 2013年4-11月不同时段拍摄的蒙古野驴有效照片数量

Table 1 Identification photos of Equus hemionus from April to November in 2013 at different time http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-179-2.pdf

	1:00	2:00	3:00	4:00	5:00	6:00	7:00	8:00	9:00	10:00	11:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	15:00	16:00	17:00	18:00	19:00	20:00	21:00	22:00	23:00	24:00
4月 April	41	28	25	27	25	17	13	6	8	6	5	1	2	1	1	0	1	2	3	8	11	13	22	21
5月 May	1	1	0	1	2	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6月 June	73	49	41	47	35	45	39	22	19	19	17	10	9	12	16	12	18	20	9	15	26	38	60	67
7月 July	29	35	33	30	37	41	22	21	24	24	15	15	8	9	14	6	16	14	19	8	20	27	38	40
8月 August	71	67	63	61	38	60	42	25	15	16	12	9	6	4	6	11	9	15	12	17	21	36	51	60
9月 September	117	86	92	106	87	83	73	58	36	21	19	26	10	13	13	12	8	20	11	19	18	30	80	74
10月 October	103	120	99	77	97	85	72	79	50	27	21	14	10	13	13	18	10	7	22	30	47	63	70	90
11月 November	25	32	21	31	17	19	10	6	11	6	5	1	4	4	6	1	0	8	15	18	18	24	21	27
总计 Account	460	418	374	380	338	351	271	217	164	119	94	76	49	56	69	60	62	86	91	115	161	231	342	379

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卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律: 基于红外相机监测数据

Monitoring activity rhythms of Equus hemionus at watering holes by camera traps in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang

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