狗獾夜间活动节律是受人类活动影响而形成的吗?基于青海湖地区的研究实例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14182

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海湖地区是目前已知的狗獾分布海拔最高点。为了解狗獾在青藏高原严酷生态环境下的生活史特点, 并验证是否人类干扰造成了狗獾夜行性的假说, 我们利用红外相机技术, 结合无线电遥测和野外调查研究了青海湖湖东地区亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)的种群密度、洞穴口的行为及活动节律。结果表明: (1)研究地区狗獾的平均种群密度为1.2 ± 0.6只/km², 其分布受食物丰富度的影响; (2)狗獾基本在夜间活动, 出洞时间集中在20:00-23:00之间, 而回洞时间则集中在清晨4:00-7:00之间, 23:00-4:00之间是狗獾的活动高峰; (3)狗獾离洞前行为主要是警戒行为, 回洞穴时的行为主要是嬉戏行为, 其他行为较少见, 表达具有特定的时间性; (4)人类活动对于狗獾活动没有显著性影响(P < 0.05)。

关键词: 行为, 青藏高原, 警戒行为, 活动节律, Meles leucurus

Abstract

The Qinghai Lake area is the known highest place with Asian badger (Meles leucurus) distribution in the world. In order to test the hypothesis that human interference caused the nocturnal activity rhythm of badgers, we used infrared cameras in complementary of telemetry of radio collared two badgers to record activity rhythm of badgers at the entrances of their setts in the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake. We also estimated the population density and recorded the behaviors expressed by the badgers with infrared cameras and other conventional field investigations. The results showed: (1) through infrared camera records and sett density estimation, the average badger densities in this area were 1.2 ± 0.6 badgers/km² and being influenced by food abundance. (2) the most common behavior expressed by badgers at sett entrances was vigilance behavior when badger emerged from the setts, followed by the play behavior when badgers returned to setts. (3) badgers mainly emerged from the setts between 20:00-23:00 and returned to the sett between 4:00-7:00 in the following morning. Their activity peak focused between 23:00-4:00. Human activity had no influence on the nocturnal activity rhythm of badgers.

Key words: infrared camera, Tibetan Plateau, vigilance, activity rhythm, badger

李峰, 蒋志刚 (2014) 狗獾夜间活动节律是受人类活动影响而形成的吗?基于青海湖地区的研究实例. 生物多样性, 22, 758-763. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14182.

Feng Li, Zhigang Jiang (2014) Is nocturnal rhythm of Asian badger (Meles leucurus) caused by human activity? A case study in the eastern area of Qinghai Lake. Biodiversity Science, 22, 758-763. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14182.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14182

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I6/758

图/表 3

图1 青海湖地区狗獾研究地点

Fig. 1 Distribution of badger (Meles leucurus) in the study area on the eastern shore of the Qinghai Lake area, China

图2 青海湖湖东地区狗獾在洞穴前行为频次分析

Fig. 2 Behavior analysis of Asian badger at entrances of their setts in the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake area, China

图3 狗獾进出洞穴时间的分布

Fig. 3 Time distribution of badger emerging from a sett and returning to the sett in Qinghai Lake area, China

参考文献 28

[1]	Do Linh San E, Ferrari N, Weber JM (2003) The badger (Meles meles L.) in the Swiss Jura: trapping success, demographic parameters and ectoparasites.Revue suisse de Zoologie, 110, 565-580.
[2]	Feng ZJ (冯祚建) (1986) Mammals in Tibet (西藏哺乳动物). Science Press. Beijing. (in Chinese)
[3]	Goszczynski J, Jedrzejewska B, Jedrzejewski W (2000) Diet composition of badgers (Meles meles) in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations.Journal of Zoology, 250, 495-505.
[4]	Harris S (1982) Activity patterns and habitat utilization of badgers (Meles meles) in suburban Bristol: a radio tracking study.Symposia of the Zoological Society of London. 49, 301-323.
[5]	Henner CM, Chamberlain MJ, Leopold BD, Burger LW (2004) A multi-resolution assessment of raccoon den selection.Journal of Wildlife Management, 68, 179-187.
[6]	Jiang ZG (蒋志刚) (2004) Przewalski’s Gazelle (中国普氏原羚). China Forestry Publishing House. Beijing. (in Chinese)
[7]	Kowalczyk R, Bunevich AN, Jedrzejewska B (2000) Badger density and distribution of setts in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland and Belarus) compared to other Eurasian populations.Acta Theriologica, 46, 395-408.
[8]	Kowalczyk R, Zalewski A, Jedrzejewska B, Jedrzejewski W (2003) Spatial organization and demography of badgers (Meles meles) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland, and the influence of earthworms on badger densities in Europe. Canadian Journal of Zoology (Revue Canadienne De Zoologie), 81, 74-87.
[9]	Kruuk H, Parish T (1981) Feeding specialization of the European badger (Meles meles) in Scotland.Journal of Animal Ecology, 50, 773-788.
[10]	Lara-Romero C, Virgóes E, Revilla E (2011) Sett density as an estimator of population density in the European badger Meles meles.Mammal Review, 42, 78-84.
[11]	Li CW, Jiang ZG, Ping XG, Cai J, You ZQ, Li CQ, Wu YL (2012) Current status and conservation of the endangered Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.Oryx, 46, 145-153.
[12]	Li F, Luo Z, Li C, Li C, Jiang Z (2013) Biogeographical patterns of the diet of Palearctic badger: is badger an earthworm specialist predator?Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 2255-2261.
[13]	Martin R, Rodriguez A, Delibes M (1995) Local feeding specialization by badgers (Meles meles) in a Mediterranean environment.Oecologia, 101, 45-50.
[14]	Neal EG (1986) The Natural History of Badgers. Croom Helm, London.
[15]	Ni SX (倪绍祥) (2002) Monitoring and Prediction of Grass- hopper Around Qinghai Lake District (环青海湖地区草地蝗虫遥感监测与预测). Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
[16]	Pan QH (潘清华),Wang YX (王应祥), Yan K (岩崑) (2007) A Field Guide to the Mammals of China (中国哺乳动物彩色图鉴). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[17]	Remonti L, Balestrieri A, Prigioni C (2006) Factors determining badger Meles meles sett location in agricultural ecosystems of NW Italy.Folia Zoologica, 55, 19-28.
[18]	Revilla E, Palomares F, Delibes M (2001) Edge-core effects and the effectiveness of traditional reserves in conservation: Eurasian badgers in Donana National Park.Conservation Biology, 15, 148-158.
[19]	Rodriguez A, Delibes M (1992) Food-habits of badgers (Meles meles) in an arid habitat.Journal of Zoology, 227, 347-350.
[20]	Rodriguez A, Martin R, Delibes M (1996) Space use and activity in a mediterranean population of badgers Meles Meles.Acta Theriologica 41, 59-72.
[21]	Roper TJ. (1994) The European badger Meles meles—food specialist or generalist.Journal of Zoology, 234, 437-452.
[22]	Rowcliffe JM, Field J. Turvey ST, Carbone C (2008) Estimating animal density using camera traps without the need for individual recognition.Journal of Applied Ecology 45, 1228-1236.
[23]	State Forestry Administration, PRC (2000) Checklist of State Protected Beneficial Wild Animals or Wild Animals of Important Economic and Scientific Values (国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济, 科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录). Decree No.7.(in Chinese)
[24]	Stewart P, Ellwood DSA, MacDonald DW (1997) Remote video-surveillance of wildlife—an introduction from experience with the European badger (Meles meles).Mammal Review, 27, 185-204.
[25]	Virgos E, Casanovas JG (1999) Environmental constraints at the edge of a species distribution, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.): a biogeographic approach.Journal of Biogeography, 26, 559-564.
[26]	Wilson DE, Reeder DM (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd edn. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. and London.
[27]	Xie ZG (谢志刚) (2011) Ecological Studies of Badger (Meles meles) in Shanghai (上海地区狗獾生态学研究). East China Normal University, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
[28]	Zhang RZ (张荣祖) (1997) Distribution of Mammalian Species in China (中国哺乳动物分布). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)