生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 649-657.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13257
所属专题: 海洋生物多样性
陈雪1,3, 张武昌1,*(), 吴强2, 栾青杉2, 肖天1
收稿日期:
2013-12-11
接受日期:
2014-04-17
出版日期:
2014-09-20
发布日期:
2014-10-09
通讯作者:
张武昌
基金资助:
Xue Chen1,3, Wuchang Zhang1,*(), Qiang Wu2, Qingshan Luan2, Tian Xiao1
Received:
2013-12-11
Accepted:
2014-04-17
Online:
2014-09-20
Published:
2014-10-09
Contact:
Zhang Wuchang
摘要:
为揭示莱州湾砂壳纤毛虫群落季节变化规律, 在莱州湾设置8个站位, 于2011年5-11月及2012年3-4月进行了9个航次的调查, 用浅海III型浮游生物网由底至表垂直拖网采集砂壳纤毛虫。结果表明, 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫物种丰富度的变化范围为5-19, 周年变化呈现一峰两谷的趋势。丰度的范围为0-318 ind./L, 丰度较大(> 50 ind./L)的种类有运动类铃虫(Codonellopsis mobilis)和清兰拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis chinglanensis)。各月平均丰度随时间的变化趋势为双峰型, 最大值出现在7月(63 ind./L), 次峰值出现在5月(48 ind./L), 最小值出现在3月(2 ind./L)。黏着壳种类在3-11月均有出现, 透明壳种类仅在温度较高(> 15°C)的6-9月出现。各月的优势种数目为1种(5月)到8种(8月), 其中运动类铃虫在所有月中都是优势种, 对砂壳纤毛虫丰度周年的变化规律产生较大影响。使用各月所有种类的平均丰度对各月砂壳纤毛虫群落进行聚类分析, 得到两个群落(相似度30%): 群落I(7-9月)和群落II(3-6月、10-11月), 说明砂壳纤毛虫群落发生了明显的季节变化。砂壳纤毛虫的物种丰富度、丰度与环境因子(温度、盐度)均没有明显的相关性。
陈雪, 张武昌, 吴强, 栾青杉, 肖天 (2014) 莱州湾大型砂壳纤毛虫群落季节变化. 生物多样性, 22, 649-657. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13257.
Xue Chen,Wuchang Zhang,Qiang Wu,Qingshan Luan,Tian Xiao (2014) Seasonal change of the community of large-sized tintinnids (Ciliophora, Tintinnida) in Laizhou Bay. Biodiversity Science, 22, 649-657. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13257.
中文种名 Chinese name | 拉丁文种名 Latin name | Amax | Mmax |
---|---|---|---|
透明壳种类 Hyaline species | |||
尖底类瓮虫 | Amphorellopsis acuta | 2.81 | 8 |
卢氏真铃虫 | Eutintinnus lusus-undae | 2.53 | 7 |
巴拿马网纹虫 | Favella panamensis | 4.21 | 6 |
黏着壳种类 Agglutinated species | |||
鲁西塔尼亚类铃虫 | Codonellopsis lusitanica | 1.04 | 8 |
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 316.72 | 5 |
诺氏薄铃虫 | Leprotintinnus nordqvisti | 0.42 | 7 |
简单薄铃虫 | L. simplex | 7.67 | 7 |
白领细壳虫 | Stenosemella nivalis | 16.93 | 7 |
巴西拟铃虫 | Tintinnopsis brasiliensis | 1.04 | 3 |
布氏拟铃虫 | T. butschlii | 1.18 | 7 |
清兰拟铃虫 | T. chinglanensis | 65.85 | 7 |
有角拟铃虫 | T. corniger | 3.87 | 7 |
指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 9.44 | 8 |
直颈拟铃虫 | T. directa | 0.53 | 7 |
半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 3.85 | 11 |
日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 14.21 | 4 |
卡拉直克拟铃虫 | T. karajacensis | 0.20 | 3 |
罗氏拟铃虫 | T. lohmanni | 6.15 | 7 |
梅氏拟铃虫 | T. mayeri | 0.11 | 4 |
根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 29.14 | 7 |
圆锥拟铃虫 | T. rapa | 0.59 | 3 |
斯氏拟铃虫 | T. schotti | 12.43 | 9 |
妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 13.38 | 8 |
未定种1 | Tintinnopsis sp.1 | 4.84 | 5 |
未定种2 | Tintinnopsis sp.2 | 0.39 | 6 |
未定种3 | Tintinnopsis sp.3 | 0.80 | 8 |
表1 莱州湾3-11月记录的砂壳纤毛虫种类
Table 1 Species list of tintinnids in Laizhou Bay from March to November
中文种名 Chinese name | 拉丁文种名 Latin name | Amax | Mmax |
---|---|---|---|
透明壳种类 Hyaline species | |||
尖底类瓮虫 | Amphorellopsis acuta | 2.81 | 8 |
卢氏真铃虫 | Eutintinnus lusus-undae | 2.53 | 7 |
巴拿马网纹虫 | Favella panamensis | 4.21 | 6 |
黏着壳种类 Agglutinated species | |||
鲁西塔尼亚类铃虫 | Codonellopsis lusitanica | 1.04 | 8 |
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 316.72 | 5 |
诺氏薄铃虫 | Leprotintinnus nordqvisti | 0.42 | 7 |
简单薄铃虫 | L. simplex | 7.67 | 7 |
白领细壳虫 | Stenosemella nivalis | 16.93 | 7 |
巴西拟铃虫 | Tintinnopsis brasiliensis | 1.04 | 3 |
布氏拟铃虫 | T. butschlii | 1.18 | 7 |
清兰拟铃虫 | T. chinglanensis | 65.85 | 7 |
有角拟铃虫 | T. corniger | 3.87 | 7 |
指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 9.44 | 8 |
直颈拟铃虫 | T. directa | 0.53 | 7 |
半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 3.85 | 11 |
日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 14.21 | 4 |
卡拉直克拟铃虫 | T. karajacensis | 0.20 | 3 |
罗氏拟铃虫 | T. lohmanni | 6.15 | 7 |
梅氏拟铃虫 | T. mayeri | 0.11 | 4 |
根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 29.14 | 7 |
圆锥拟铃虫 | T. rapa | 0.59 | 3 |
斯氏拟铃虫 | T. schotti | 12.43 | 9 |
妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 13.38 | 8 |
未定种1 | Tintinnopsis sp.1 | 4.84 | 5 |
未定种2 | Tintinnopsis sp.2 | 0.39 | 6 |
未定种3 | Tintinnopsis sp.3 | 0.80 | 8 |
图2 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫物种丰富度的变化(a)及温度和物种丰富度的关系(b)
Fig. 2 Variation of species richness of tintinnids in Laizhou Bay from March to November (a), and the relationship between temperature and species richness (b).
图3 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫各种类出现情况(a)及其温度范围(b)
Fig. 3 Temporal variation of temperature (°C), occurrence (a) and temperature range (b) of each tintinnid species in Laizhou Bay from March to November
图4 胶州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫各站平均丰度(ind./L)的变化
Fig. 4 Temporal variation of temperature (°C), tintinnid average abundance (ind./ L) in Laizhou Bay from March to November.
图5 莱州湾3-11月均出现的两种砂壳纤毛虫丰度变化。A: 运动类铃虫, B: 指状拟铃虫。
Fig. 5 Temporal variation of temperature (°C) and tintinnid abundance (ind./L) of 2 species in Laizhou Bay from March to November. A, Codonellopsis mobilis; B, Tintinnopsis digita.
优势种 Dominant species | 优势度 Dominance | 优势种 Dominant species | 优势度 Dominance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3月 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.293 | 8月 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.179 |
半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.100 | 清兰拟铃虫 | T. chinglanensis | 0.129 | ||
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.065 | 妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 0.095 | ||
指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.065 | 指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.077 | ||
巴西拟铃虫 | T. brasiliensis | 0.065 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.045 | ||
4月 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.637 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.044 | |
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.288 | 罗氏拟铃虫 | T. lohmanni | 0.040 | ||
5月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.979 | 根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.031 | |
9月 | 斯氏拟铃虫 | T. schotti | 0.220 | ||||
6月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.581 | 有角拟铃虫 | T. corniger | 0.042 | |
巴拿马网纹虫 | F. panamensis | 0.189 | 半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.033 | ||
Tintinnopsis sp.1 | 0.049 | 指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.032 | |||
7月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.305 | 根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.024 | |
根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.157 | 10月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.496 | |
清兰拟铃虫 | T.chinglanensis | 0.086 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.349 | ||
白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.075 | 11月 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.445 | |
妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 0.067 | 半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.267 | ||
简单薄铃虫 | L. simplex | 0.033 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.215 | ||
日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.030 |
表2 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫的优势种及其优势度
Table 2 The dominant species of tintinnids and their dominance in Laizhou Bay from March to November
优势种 Dominant species | 优势度 Dominance | 优势种 Dominant species | 优势度 Dominance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3月 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.293 | 8月 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.179 |
半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.100 | 清兰拟铃虫 | T. chinglanensis | 0.129 | ||
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.065 | 妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 0.095 | ||
指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.065 | 指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.077 | ||
巴西拟铃虫 | T. brasiliensis | 0.065 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.045 | ||
4月 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.637 | 日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.044 | |
运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.288 | 罗氏拟铃虫 | T. lohmanni | 0.040 | ||
5月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.979 | 根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.031 | |
9月 | 斯氏拟铃虫 | T. schotti | 0.220 | ||||
6月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.581 | 有角拟铃虫 | T. corniger | 0.042 | |
巴拿马网纹虫 | F. panamensis | 0.189 | 半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.033 | ||
Tintinnopsis sp.1 | 0.049 | 指状拟铃虫 | T. digita | 0.032 | |||
7月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.305 | 根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.024 | |
根状拟铃虫 | T. radix | 0.157 | 10月 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.496 | |
清兰拟铃虫 | T.chinglanensis | 0.086 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.349 | ||
白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.075 | 11月 | 白领细壳虫 | S. nivalis | 0.445 | |
妥肯丁拟铃虫 | T. tocantinensis | 0.067 | 半旋拟铃虫 | T. hemispiralis | 0.267 | ||
简单薄铃虫 | L. simplex | 0.033 | 运动类铃虫 | C. mobilis | 0.215 | ||
日本拟铃虫 | T. japonica | 0.030 |
3月 March | 4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 9月 September | 10月 October | 11月 November | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种丰富度 Species richness | 10 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 6 | 10 |
均匀度指数 Evenness index (J) | 0.78±0.15 | 0.62±0.18 | 0.40±0.30 | 0.59±0.19 | 0.57±0.13 | 0.72±0.08 | 0.76±0.26 | 0.55±0.18 | 0.69±0.11 |
多样性指数 Diversity index (H') | 1.71±0.60 | 1.00±0.23 | 0.42±0.29 | 1.33±0.34 | 2.06±0.50 | 2.38±0.32 | 1.45±0.75 | 1.04±0.46 | 1.71±0.36 |
表3 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫的种丰富度、均匀度指数和多样性指数
Table 3 Species richness, evenness index and diversity indices of tintinnids in Laizhou Bay from March to November
3月 March | 4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 9月 September | 10月 October | 11月 November | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种丰富度 Species richness | 10 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 6 | 10 |
均匀度指数 Evenness index (J) | 0.78±0.15 | 0.62±0.18 | 0.40±0.30 | 0.59±0.19 | 0.57±0.13 | 0.72±0.08 | 0.76±0.26 | 0.55±0.18 | 0.69±0.11 |
多样性指数 Diversity index (H') | 1.71±0.60 | 1.00±0.23 | 0.42±0.29 | 1.33±0.34 | 2.06±0.50 | 2.38±0.32 | 1.45±0.75 | 1.04±0.46 | 1.71±0.36 |
图6 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫群落聚类分析结果
Fig. 6 Cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of average species abundance (ind./L) of 8 stations in Laizhou Bay from March to November
附图 莱州湾3-11月表层温度(°C)和盐度的变化
Fig. S1 Temporal variation of temperature (°C) and salinity in Laizhou Bay from March to November. Data are averages of the 8 stations with standard deviation. http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-257-1.pdf
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