莱州湾大型砂壳纤毛虫群落季节变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13257

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示莱州湾砂壳纤毛虫群落季节变化规律, 在莱州湾设置8个站位, 于2011年5-11月及2012年3-4月进行了9个航次的调查, 用浅海III型浮游生物网由底至表垂直拖网采集砂壳纤毛虫。结果表明, 莱州湾3-11月砂壳纤毛虫物种丰富度的变化范围为5-19, 周年变化呈现一峰两谷的趋势。丰度的范围为0-318 ind./L, 丰度较大(> 50 ind./L)的种类有运动类铃虫(Codonellopsis mobilis)和清兰拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis chinglanensis)。各月平均丰度随时间的变化趋势为双峰型, 最大值出现在7月(63 ind./L), 次峰值出现在5月(48 ind./L), 最小值出现在3月(2 ind./L)。黏着壳种类在3-11月均有出现, 透明壳种类仅在温度较高(> 15°C)的6-9月出现。各月的优势种数目为1种(5月)到8种(8月), 其中运动类铃虫在所有月中都是优势种, 对砂壳纤毛虫丰度周年的变化规律产生较大影响。使用各月所有种类的平均丰度对各月砂壳纤毛虫群落进行聚类分析, 得到两个群落(相似度30%): 群落I(7-9月)和群落II(3-6月、10-11月), 说明砂壳纤毛虫群落发生了明显的季节变化。砂壳纤毛虫的物种丰富度、丰度与环境因子(温度、盐度)均没有明显的相关性。

关键词: 砂壳纤毛虫, 群落, 周年变化, 莱州湾

Abstract:

The abundance and seasonal change of large-sized tintinnids were studied in Laizhou Bay. Large-sized tintinnids were collected by vertical towing using a shallow sea type III plankton net (open area 0.1 m², mesh size 76 μm) during 9 cruises between May and November of 2011 and from March to April, 2012. The samples were fixed in formalin solution to a final concentration of 5% and counted using an inverted microscope in the laboratory. We sampled 8 stations to avoid fluctuations over a short time period. The purpose of this study was to characterize seasonal change of the large-sized tintinnid community. Maximum tintinnid species richness was 19 in August and minimum was 5 in May. Tintinnid abundance ranged from 0 ind./L to 318 ind./L. Average abundance at all stations was highest (63 ind./L) in July and lowest (2 ind./L) in March, and there was a secondary peak of 48 ind./L in May. The abundance of Codonellopsis mobilis and Tintinnopsis chinglanensis were more than 50 ind./L. Agglutinated species occurred from March to November, while the hyaline species only occurred from June to September when the temperature was > 15°C. Codonellopsis mobilis occurred from March to November. The number of dominant species ranged from 1 in May, to 8 in August. Codonellopsis mobilis was a dominant species during all time periods and this one species significantly influenced the pattern of total ciliate abundance. Using the average abundance data of 8 stations, two distinct cluster groups were observed (30% similarity): cluster I (July to September) and cluster II (March to June, October to November). The cluster results showed that there was a seasonal change of the large-sized tintinnid community. Average abundance and species richness were not significantly correlated with temperature and salinity.

Key words: Tintinnid, community, seasonal change, Laizhou Bay

陈雪, 张武昌, 吴强, 栾青杉, 肖天. 莱州湾大型砂壳纤毛虫群落季节变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2014, 22(5): 649-657.

Xue Chen,Wuchang Zhang,Qiang Wu,Qingshan Luan,Tian Xiao. Seasonal change of the community of large-sized tintinnids (Ciliophora, Tintinnida) in Laizhou Bay[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(5): 649-657.

图/表 10

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中文种名 Chinese name	拉丁文种名 Latin name	A_max	M_max
透明壳种类 Hyaline species
尖底类瓮虫	Amphorellopsis acuta	2.81	8
卢氏真铃虫	Eutintinnus lusus-undae	2.53	7
巴拿马网纹虫	Favella panamensis	4.21	6
黏着壳种类 Agglutinated species
鲁西塔尼亚类铃虫	Codonellopsis lusitanica	1.04	8
运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	316.72	5
诺氏薄铃虫	Leprotintinnus nordqvisti	0.42	7
简单薄铃虫	L. simplex	7.67	7
白领细壳虫	Stenosemella nivalis	16.93	7
巴西拟铃虫	Tintinnopsis brasiliensis	1.04	3
布氏拟铃虫	T. butschlii	1.18	7
清兰拟铃虫	T. chinglanensis	65.85	7
有角拟铃虫	T. corniger	3.87	7
指状拟铃虫	T. digita	9.44	8
直颈拟铃虫	T. directa	0.53	7
半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	3.85	11
日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	14.21	4
卡拉直克拟铃虫	T. karajacensis	0.20	3
罗氏拟铃虫	T. lohmanni	6.15	7
梅氏拟铃虫	T. mayeri	0.11	4
根状拟铃虫	T. radix	29.14	7
圆锥拟铃虫	T. rapa	0.59	3
斯氏拟铃虫	T. schotti	12.43	9
妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	13.38	8
未定种1	Tintinnopsis sp.1	4.84	5
未定种2	Tintinnopsis sp.2	0.39	6
未定种3	Tintinnopsis sp.3	0.80	8

中文种名 Chinese name	拉丁文种名 Latin name	A_max	M_max
透明壳种类 Hyaline species
尖底类瓮虫	Amphorellopsis acuta	2.81	8
卢氏真铃虫	Eutintinnus lusus-undae	2.53	7
巴拿马网纹虫	Favella panamensis	4.21	6
黏着壳种类 Agglutinated species
鲁西塔尼亚类铃虫	Codonellopsis lusitanica	1.04	8
运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	316.72	5
诺氏薄铃虫	Leprotintinnus nordqvisti	0.42	7
简单薄铃虫	L. simplex	7.67	7
白领细壳虫	Stenosemella nivalis	16.93	7
巴西拟铃虫	Tintinnopsis brasiliensis	1.04	3
布氏拟铃虫	T. butschlii	1.18	7
清兰拟铃虫	T. chinglanensis	65.85	7
有角拟铃虫	T. corniger	3.87	7
指状拟铃虫	T. digita	9.44	8
直颈拟铃虫	T. directa	0.53	7
半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	3.85	11
日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	14.21	4
卡拉直克拟铃虫	T. karajacensis	0.20	3
罗氏拟铃虫	T. lohmanni	6.15	7
梅氏拟铃虫	T. mayeri	0.11	4
根状拟铃虫	T. radix	29.14	7
圆锥拟铃虫	T. rapa	0.59	3
斯氏拟铃虫	T. schotti	12.43	9
妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	13.38	8
未定种1	Tintinnopsis sp.1	4.84	5
未定种2	Tintinnopsis sp.2	0.39	6
未定种3	Tintinnopsis sp.3	0.80	8

	优势种 Dominant species		优势度 Dominance		优势种 Dominant species		优势度 Dominance
3月	日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.293	8月	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.179
	半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.100		清兰拟铃虫	T. chinglanensis	0.129
	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.065		妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	0.095
	指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.065		指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.077
	巴西拟铃虫	T. brasiliensis	0.065		运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.045
4月	日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.637		日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.044
	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.288		罗氏拟铃虫	T. lohmanni	0.040
5月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.979		根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.031
				9月	斯氏拟铃虫	T. schotti	0.220
6月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.581		有角拟铃虫	T. corniger	0.042
	巴拿马网纹虫	F. panamensis	0.189		半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.033
		Tintinnopsis sp.1	0.049		指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.032
7月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.305		根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.024
	根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.157	10月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.496
	清兰拟铃虫	T.chinglanensis	0.086		白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.349
	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.075	11月	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.445
	妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	0.067		半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.267
	简单薄铃虫	L. simplex	0.033		运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.215
					日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.030

	优势种 Dominant species		优势度 Dominance		优势种 Dominant species		优势度 Dominance
3月	日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.293	8月	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.179
	半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.100		清兰拟铃虫	T. chinglanensis	0.129
	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.065		妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	0.095
	指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.065		指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.077
	巴西拟铃虫	T. brasiliensis	0.065		运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.045
4月	日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.637		日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.044
	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.288		罗氏拟铃虫	T. lohmanni	0.040
5月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.979		根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.031
				9月	斯氏拟铃虫	T. schotti	0.220
6月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.581		有角拟铃虫	T. corniger	0.042
	巴拿马网纹虫	F. panamensis	0.189		半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.033
		Tintinnopsis sp.1	0.049		指状拟铃虫	T. digita	0.032
7月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.305		根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.024
	根状拟铃虫	T. radix	0.157	10月	运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.496
	清兰拟铃虫	T.chinglanensis	0.086		白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.349
	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.075	11月	白领细壳虫	S. nivalis	0.445
	妥肯丁拟铃虫	T. tocantinensis	0.067		半旋拟铃虫	T. hemispiralis	0.267
	简单薄铃虫	L. simplex	0.033		运动类铃虫	C. mobilis	0.215
					日本拟铃虫	T. japonica	0.030

	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November
种丰富度 Species richness	10	7	5	11	18	19	12	6	10
均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	0.78±0.15	0.62±0.18	0.40±0.30	0.59±0.19	0.57±0.13	0.72±0.08	0.76±0.26	0.55±0.18	0.69±0.11
多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	1.71±0.60	1.00±0.23	0.42±0.29	1.33±0.34	2.06±0.50	2.38±0.32	1.45±0.75	1.04±0.46	1.71±0.36