南海北部夜光藻种群的时空分布及其环境适应性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据“中国近海海洋综合调查与评价”专项(908专项)的南海北部大尺度海区(107°00′-119°00′ E, 16°00′- 24°00′ N)夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)种群调查数据, 利用地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)栅格内值功能进行空间局部插值, 从而构建空间格局分析模板, 对南海北部夜光藻种群的空间分布及季节变化进行了分析, 并探讨夜光藻对温度、盐度和营养盐的适应特性。结果表明, 南海北部夜光藻细胞丰度的变化范围在0.001×10⁴- 64.5×10⁴cells/m³, 周年平均为(0.56 ± 3.29)×10 ⁴cells/m³(n = 1,424), 春季>秋季>冬季>夏季, 最高为(1.28 ± 4.24)× 10⁴cells/m³(n=356), 最低为(0.19 ± 0.95)×10⁴cells/m³(n=356)。夜光藻细胞丰度总体呈现出近岸高于远海, 且在近海海域呈斑块状分布的格局。雷州半岛东部近岸周年均是夜光藻密集的区域, 且是冬季的最高丰度区; 南海北部大部分海域周年则是夜光藻丰度最低的区域; 粤东大鹏湾及珠江口邻近海域在夏冬两季并未成为丰度高值区; 海南岛东南部近岸在夏季有较高丰度的夜光藻。与1958-1959年全国海洋综合调查在南海北部的数据资料相比, 夜光藻细胞丰度猛增, 高于1959年平均丰度27倍余, 季节差异变大, 密集区变得更明显。南海夜光藻种群具有更高的适温属性, 有别于东海、黄海、渤海夜光藻种群。盐度的正常波动一般对夜光藻丰度变化没有明显的影响。夜光藻大量繁殖并不直接依赖于高营养盐环境, 水体富营养化程度并不能单独地作为预判夜光藻增殖暴发的标准。

关键词: 南海北部, Noctiluca scintillans, 空间分布, 季节变化, 环境适应性

Abstract

Based on the data of a Noctiluca scintillans population in northern South China Sea (107°00′- 119°00′E, 16°00′-24°00′N) obtained in project “Integrated Investigation and Assessment of China Seas” (coded as 908 project) in 2006 and 2008, we described the spatial distribution in wide geographical areas and seasonal variations of a Noctiluca scintillans population using GIS spatial analysis modeling and mapping techniques. The adaption of Noctiluca scintillans to temperature, salinity and nutrients were also discussed. The results showed that abundance of Noctiluca scintillans varied from 0.001×10 ⁴cells/m³ to 64.5×10⁴cells/m³, with an average of (0.56±3.29)×10⁴cells/m³(n = 1,424). Average abundance varied by season, spring > autumn > winter > summer, with highest and lowest abundances of (1.28±4.24)×10⁴cells/m³ (n = 356) and (0.19±0.95)×10⁴cells/m³(n = 356), respectively. The spatial distribution of Noctiluca scintillans generally decreased from alongshore to offshore areas, in a pattern of discontinuous patches. Abundance assemblage zones laid along the shores of eastern Leizhou peninsula, where it was also the peak abundance region in winter. The zones of low annunal abundance were primarily in the northern South China Sea. Dapeng Bay in eastern Guangdong Province and Pearl River Estuary were not abundance assemblage zones during summer and winter months. We found the shore of southeastern Hainan Island became high abundance zones during summer months. Compared with data of national integrated investigations completed in 1958 and 1959, Noctiluca scintillans abundance increased abruptly with an evident change of abundance assemblage zones. The seasonal variation was obvious. Average Noctiluca scintillans abundance was 27 times higher than recorded in 1959. Noctiluca scintillans populations in South China Sea required a much higher temperature than it did in East, Yellow and Bohai Seas in China. Salinity fluctuations were normally not a critical factor determining variation in Noctiluca scintillans abundance. High Noctiluca scintillans abundance was not resulted directly from high nutrient content. Water eutrophication was not the necessary condition to predict the Noctiluca scintillans bloom.

Key words: northern South China Sea, Noctiluca scintillans, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, environmental adaption

王雨, 叶又茵, 林茂, 陈兴群 (2012) 南海北部夜光藻种群的时空分布及其环境适应性. 生物多样性, 20, 685-692. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08065.

Yu Wang, Youyin Ye, Mao Lin*, Xingqun Chen (2012) Spatial-temporal distribution of a Noctiluca scintillans population and its adaption to environmental conditions in northern South China Sea. Biodiversity Science, 20, 685-692. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08065.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08065

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I6/685

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季节 Season	调查时间 Time	最高丰度 Maximum abundance	平均丰度 Average abundance	高值区 Peak zone
春季 Spring	1959.4	-	40^a)	珠江口, 粤东沿岸 Pear River Estuary, coast of eastern Guangdong
春季 Spring	2007.4	437,500	12,778	粤西近岸, 粤东近岸局部 Coast of western Guangdong, part of eastern Guangdong
夏季 Summer	1959.7	-	400^a)	粤东沿岸 Coast of eastern Guangdong
夏季 Summer	2006.7	57,300	1,900	雷州半岛东部近海, 海南岛东南部近岸 Nearshore of eastern Leizhou peninsula, coast of southeastern Hainan
秋季 Autumn	1959.10	-	48^a)	粤东近岸 Coast of eastern Guangdong
秋季 Autumn	2007.10	310,800	4,161	北部湾中部, 雷州半岛东部近岸, 粤东近岸 Central section of Beibu Gulf, coast of eastern Leizhou peninsula, coast of eastern Guangdong
冬季 Winter	1959.1	-	340^a)	珠江口邻近海域及海南岛东部沿岸 Pear River Estuary and adjacent waters, coast of eastern Hainan
冬季 Winter	2007.1	645,000	3,735	雷州半岛东部近岸 Coast of eastern Hainan

季节 Season	调查时间 Time	最高丰度 Maximum abundance	平均丰度 Average abundance	高值区 Peak zone
春季 Spring	1959.4	-	40^a)	珠江口, 粤东沿岸 Pear River Estuary, coast of eastern Guangdong
春季 Spring	2007.4	437,500	12,778	粤西近岸, 粤东近岸局部 Coast of western Guangdong, part of eastern Guangdong
夏季 Summer	1959.7	-	400^a)	粤东沿岸 Coast of eastern Guangdong
夏季 Summer	2006.7	57,300	1,900	雷州半岛东部近海, 海南岛东南部近岸 Nearshore of eastern Leizhou peninsula, coast of southeastern Hainan
秋季 Autumn	1959.10	-	48^a)	粤东近岸 Coast of eastern Guangdong
秋季 Autumn	2007.10	310,800	4,161	北部湾中部, 雷州半岛东部近岸, 粤东近岸 Central section of Beibu Gulf, coast of eastern Leizhou peninsula, coast of eastern Guangdong
冬季 Winter	1959.1	-	340^a)	珠江口邻近海域及海南岛东部沿岸 Pear River Estuary and adjacent waters, coast of eastern Hainan
冬季 Winter	2007.1	645,000	3,735	雷州半岛东部近岸 Coast of eastern Hainan