生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 158-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10312
所属专题: 中国的森林生物多样性监测
收稿日期:
2010-12-16
接受日期:
2011-03-15
出版日期:
2011-03-20
发布日期:
2011-06-01
通讯作者:
张守仁
作者简介:
*E-mail: zsr@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Jia Ding1,2, Qian Wu1,2, Hui Yan1,2, Shouren Zhang1,*()
Received:
2010-12-16
Accepted:
2011-03-15
Online:
2011-03-20
Published:
2011-06-01
Contact:
Shouren Zhang
摘要:
植物功能性状与环境之间的关系是功能性状研究的核心问题。为了探讨地形和土壤特性的差异对亚热带常绿阔叶林植物功能性状的影响, 并找到影响古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林植物形态和生理性状的主要环境驱动因子, 我们于2008年和2009年夏天在古田山国家级自然保护区内24 ha大型监测样地测定了147个样方中115种常见木本植物的功能性状。所测性状包括3个生理生态性状(叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和PIABS和枝条比导率)和4个形态性状(气孔密度、叶厚度、比叶面积和叶长/宽比)。结合地形数据(平均海拔、凹凸度、坡度和坡向)和土壤数据(含水量、全氮含量、全磷含量、全碳含量和pH值), 分析影响这些功能性状的主要驱动因子。排序结果显示, 叶绿素含量随海拔和凹凸度的上升而下降, 但与土壤中的氮含量和水分含量呈现正相关关系。由于古田山土壤呈酸性, 土壤磷素缺乏, 叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和PIABS与土壤氮、磷含量呈现显著的负相关。枝条比导率与土壤含水量具有较为显著的正相关关系。比叶面积与海拔呈现正相关关系。研究结果表明, 在小尺度上, 海拔和凹凸度是影响亚热带常绿阔叶林植物功能性状最关键的两个地形因子, 而土壤含水量和全氮含量是影响该地植物功能性状最主要的土壤因子。然而, 由于土壤中磷的缺乏, 诸如植物光合作用等一些重要的生理过程受到影响, 使得某些性状与环境因子之间呈现出不同寻常的相关关系。
丁佳, 吴茜, 闫慧, 张守仁 (2011) 地形和土壤特性对亚热带常绿阔叶林内植物功能性状的影响. 生物多样性, 19, 158-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10312.
Jia Ding, Qian Wu, Hui Yan, Shouren Zhang (2011) Effects of topographic variations and soil characteristics on plant functional traits in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 19, 158-167. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10312.
图1 古田山24-ha样地植物功能性状采样地点空间分布图。 图中曲线为等高线, 阴影部分为取样样方。
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution map of sampling quadrats in the Gutianshan 24-ha plot. Curved lines represent contours, and shadows represent sampling quadrats.
叶绿素 Chl | PSⅡ最大 光化学效率 Fv/Fm | 基于光能吸收的PSII光化学综合性能指数 PIABS | 比导率 Ksp (kg·m-1· MPa-1·s-1) | 气孔密度 SD (N·mm-2) | 叶片厚度 T (mm) | 比叶面积 SLA (m2·kg-1) | 叶长/宽比 LL/LW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 Min. | 23.0 | 0.71 | 5.77 | 0.02 | 74.63 | 0.02 | 2.94 | 1.12 |
最大值 Max. | 82.0 | 0.84 | 75.13 | 5.01 | 970.59 | 0.60 | 35.08 | 6.86 |
均值±标准误 Mean±SE | 50.7±10.7 | 0.79±0.02 | 27.23±11.78 | 0.38±0.45 | 313.45±142.99 | 0.22±0.10 | 13.06±5.28 | 2.65±0.64 |
表1 古田山24-ha样地中所测功能性状的变化情况
Table 1 Changes of functional traits in the Gutianshan 24-ha plot
叶绿素 Chl | PSⅡ最大 光化学效率 Fv/Fm | 基于光能吸收的PSII光化学综合性能指数 PIABS | 比导率 Ksp (kg·m-1· MPa-1·s-1) | 气孔密度 SD (N·mm-2) | 叶片厚度 T (mm) | 比叶面积 SLA (m2·kg-1) | 叶长/宽比 LL/LW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 Min. | 23.0 | 0.71 | 5.77 | 0.02 | 74.63 | 0.02 | 2.94 | 1.12 |
最大值 Max. | 82.0 | 0.84 | 75.13 | 5.01 | 970.59 | 0.60 | 35.08 | 6.86 |
均值±标准误 Mean±SE | 50.7±10.7 | 0.79±0.02 | 27.23±11.78 | 0.38±0.45 | 313.45±142.99 | 0.22±0.10 | 13.06±5.28 | 2.65±0.64 |
地形 Topography | 土壤属性 Soil characteristics | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean elevation (m) | 凹凸度Convexity (m) | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect (°) | 全碳 TC (g/kg) | 全氮 TN (g/kg) | 全磷 TP (g/kg) | 酸碱度 pH | 含水量 Moisture (%) | ||
最小值 Min. | 11.82 | -16.30 | 14.48 | 95.89 | 24.61 | 1.23 | 0.06 | 4.33 | 10.73 | |
最大值 Max. | 257.68 | 18.62 | 51.28 | 255.53 | 90.57 | 4.29 | 0.31 | 5.40 | 35.28 | |
均值±标准误 Mean±SE | 125.13±69.44 | 1.03±8.30 | 33.44±7.98 | 181.43±38.46 | 39.10±10.98 | 2.04±0.66 | 0.13±0.05 | 4.71±0.19 | 19.65±6.07 |
表2 古田山24-ha样地中地形和土壤特性的变化情况
Table 2 Changes of topography and soil characteristics in the Gutianshan 24-ha plot
地形 Topography | 土壤属性 Soil characteristics | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean elevation (m) | 凹凸度Convexity (m) | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect (°) | 全碳 TC (g/kg) | 全氮 TN (g/kg) | 全磷 TP (g/kg) | 酸碱度 pH | 含水量 Moisture (%) | ||
最小值 Min. | 11.82 | -16.30 | 14.48 | 95.89 | 24.61 | 1.23 | 0.06 | 4.33 | 10.73 | |
最大值 Max. | 257.68 | 18.62 | 51.28 | 255.53 | 90.57 | 4.29 | 0.31 | 5.40 | 35.28 | |
均值±标准误 Mean±SE | 125.13±69.44 | 1.03±8.30 | 33.44±7.98 | 181.43±38.46 | 39.10±10.98 | 2.04±0.66 | 0.13±0.05 | 4.71±0.19 | 19.65±6.07 |
图2 功能性状与地形因子(a)和土壤因子(b)的RDA约束排序分析的双标图。 图中实线特征向量表示功能性状, 虚线特征向量表示地形因子,横纵坐标表示负荷量。Chl, 叶绿素含量; Fv/Fm, PSII的最大光化学效率; PIABS, 基于光能吸收的PSII光化学综合性能指数; Ksp, 枝条比导率; SD, 气孔密度; T, 叶片厚度; SLA, 比叶面积; LL/LW, 叶长/宽比; mean elevation, 平均海拔; convexity, 凹凸度; TC, TN, TP, 土壤全碳、全氮、全磷含量; moisture, 土壤含水量; N/P, 土壤氮/磷比。
Fig. 2 Biplots of RDA analysis between functional traits and topological variations (a), and soil parameters (b). Functional traits are displayed in solid arrows and topological data in dashed arrows. Chl, Chlorophyll content; Fv/Fm, Maximal photochemical efficiency of photo system II; PIABS, Performance index on basis of light energy absorption; Ksp, Stem sapwood xylem specific hydraulic conductivity; SD, Stomata density; T, Leaf thickness; SLA, Specific leaf area; LL/LW, Ratio of leaf length to leaf width; TP, TC and TN, Content of total soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively; N/P, Ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus.
全碳TC (g/kg) | 全氮TN (g/kg) | 全磷TP (g/kg) | 酸碱度 pH | 含水量Moist (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean elevation (m) | -0.510** | -0.579** | -0.479** | -0.174** | -0.564** |
凹凸度 Convexity (m) | -0.611** | -0.719** | -0.714** | -0.545** | -0.693** |
坡度 Slope (°) | 0.295** | 0.214** | 0.250** | -0.044 | 0.112** |
坡向 Aspect (°) | 0.014 | -0.061* | 0.004 | -0.046 | -0.062* |
表3 地形因子与土壤因子Spearman相关分析
Table 3 Spearman correlation coefficients between soil characteristics and topological variations
全碳TC (g/kg) | 全氮TN (g/kg) | 全磷TP (g/kg) | 酸碱度 pH | 含水量Moist (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean elevation (m) | -0.510** | -0.579** | -0.479** | -0.174** | -0.564** |
凹凸度 Convexity (m) | -0.611** | -0.719** | -0.714** | -0.545** | -0.693** |
坡度 Slope (°) | 0.295** | 0.214** | 0.250** | -0.044 | 0.112** |
坡向 Aspect (°) | 0.014 | -0.061* | 0.004 | -0.046 | -0.062* |
图3 叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm 与全氮含量(a)、全磷含量(b)呈负相关(P<0.01); 土壤全磷含量与土壤pH值成正比(P<0.01)。Fv/Fm, 光系统II的最大光化学效率。
Fig. 3 Fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm is negatively correlated with TN (a) and TP (b) (P<0.01); TP and soil pH are positively correlated (P<0.01). Fv/Fm, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II.
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